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Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5

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Closed Game
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
Position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN)

rnbqkbnr/ppp1pppp/8/3p4/3P4/8/PPP1PPPP/RNBQKBNR w

Moves: 1. d4 d5
ECO code: D00-D69

Closed Game

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1...d5

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With 1...d5, Black begins to fight for the center in the traditional fashion, by occupying it with pawns. 1...d5 opens a diagonal for the development of the light-squared black bishop, and it also discourages, though does not definitively prevent, an immediate 2. e4. If White plays e4 immediately, they initiate the Blackmar-Diemer gambit, which is considered dubious against best play.

Theory table

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For explanation of theory tables, see theory table and for notation, see algebraic notation.

1. d4 d5

White's main options are now:

2
Queen's Gambit c4
e6		 =
Zukertort Variation Nf3
Nf6		 =
Mason Variation Bf4
Nf6		 =
Levitsky Attack Bg5
h6		 =
Chigorin Variation Nc3
Nf6		 =
Queen's Pawn Game e3
Nf6		 =
Blackmar-Diemer Gambit e4
dxe4		 ⩱
Amazon Attack Qd3
 ⩱
Queen's Bongcloud Kd2?
Nc6		 ∓
London System Main Base Position with ...d5 Bf4 =

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References

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Wikipedia has related information at Closed Game

  • Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
  • Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
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