Aros/User/Applications

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see here

Web Application	AROS(x86)	Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)	Hyperion OS4(PPC)	MorphOS(PPC)
Browsing	Odyssey 2.0	IBrowse, Voyager, [ AWeb], AWeb Src, Netsurf	[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], OWB-mui, OWB-Reaction, IBrowse*, AWeb, Voyager, Netsurf,	Odyssey OWB, [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb,
E-mailing	SimpleMail, src, YAM	SimpleMail, YAM	SimpleMail, YAM,	SimpleMail, YAM
YouTube Viewing	Odyssey 2.0 can show Youtube webpage, Amitube,	Amitube, or this one,	Amitube,getVideo, Tubexx, aiostreams,	[ Wayfarer], Amitube,Odyssey (OWB), getVideo, Tubexx
IRC	WookieChat, Wookiechat src, AiRcOS, Jabberwocky,	Wookiechat, AmIRC	Wookiechat	Wookiechat, AmIRC,
Instant Messaging IM like Facebook(TM) and Twitter (TM) and others	jabberwocky, Bitlbee IRC Gateway	AmiTwitter, CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky,	AmiTwitter, SabreMSN,	AmiTwitter, PolyglotNG, SabreMSN,
Torrents	ArTorr,		CTorrent, Transmission	MLDonkey, Beehive, Transmission, CTorrent,
FTP	Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP,	AmiFTP, AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP,	Pftp, AmiFTP,	Transfer
Newsgroups		Newscoaster, NewsRog, [ WorldNews],	?	?
WYSIWYG Web Editor			?	?
Streaming Audio gnump3d, Icecast2 Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], DarkIce, Muse,	Mplayer (Icecast Client only),	MODMancer,	Tunenet, AmiNetRadio,	Mplayer, AmiNetRadio,
VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like)		AmiPhone with Speak Freely,	?	?
Weather Forecast	WeatherBar, AWeather, []	Wetter,	FlipClock,	Wetter,
Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking	MuiMapparium Build of MuiMapp versions,	AmiAtlas, UKRoutePlus, AmOSM,	?	Mapparium,
Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites)	ntpsync, Time in a Browser Tab, World Clock, NIST,	ntpsync
RSS news feeds ('Really Simple Syndication') RSS, Atom and RDF aggregator Feedly free 80 accs, [Daily Rotation, NewsBlur free 64 accs,	[],
Internet Speed Tests	Test My, Speed Test, [ ], NetMeter
HTML5 WebGL tests	HTML5 elements tester, Antutu HTML5 Test, HTML5 Test, HTML5 Test, WebGL bmark, Can I?, WebGL Test, WebGL Report, [],
IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI,

* Commercial product.

Graphical Image Editing Art

Image Editing	AROS(x86)	Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)	Hyperion OS4(PPC)	MorphOS(PPC)
Pixel Raster Artwork DPaint.js, LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite,	ZunePaint, LunaPaint, GrafX2, [ LodePaint needs OpenGL],	PPaint, GrafX2, DeluxePaint, PerfectPaint, Zoetrope, Brilliance2*,	LodePaint, GrafX2,	Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, LunaPaint
Image viewing	ZuneView, LookHere, LoView, PicShow , Picture Album,	PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,	WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, Picture Album,	ShowGirls, Picture Album
Photography retouching / Image Manipulation PicoZu, PhotoPea, LunaPic, ImageMagick	RNOEffects, ZunePaint, ZuneView,	TVPaint, Photogenics, ArtEffect, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT,	WarpView, flPhoto, Photocrop	ShowGirls, ImageFX*,
Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB		GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, ArtPro
Thumbnail Generator [ figma],	ZuneView, Thumbnail Generator
Icon Editor	X-Icon editor, Archives, Icon Toolbox,		IconEditor
Animation	Lunapaint	PPaint, AnimatED, Scala, GoldDisk MovieSetter, Walt Disney's Animation Studio, ProDAD, DPaint, Brilliance	?	Titler
2D SVG based MovieSetter type		MovieSetter, Fantavision	?	?
Morphing	[ GLMorph]
2D Cad (qcad->LibreCAD, etc.)		Xcad, MaxonCAD	?	?
3D Cad (OpenCascade->FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc.)		XCad3d, DynaCADD	?	?
3D Rendering	POV-Ray	CINEMA 4D, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D, Real3D, Caligari24, Reflections/Monzoom*, Raystorm src, Tornado 3D	Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray	Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
3D Format Converter			IVCon
Screen grabbing display	[ Screengrabber], snapit, screen recorder, []
Grab graphics music from apps ripper6, [],

* Commercial product.

Office Application

Office	AROS (x86)	Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)	Hyperion OS4 (PPC)	MorphOS (PPC)
Word-processing	Cinnamon Writer, Final Writer 7*, [ ], [ ],	AmigaWriter, WordWorth, FinalWriter, Excellence 3, Protext, Rashumon,	AbiWord, CinnamonWriter	Cinnamon Writer, scriba, Papyrus Office,
Spreadsheets LuaCalc, [],	Leu, [ Ignition], [ ], [ ], [ ],	Turbocalc, Ignition, FinalCalc, ProCalc 2, StarAmPlan,	Gnumeric, Ignition	[ ignition], Papyrus Office,
Presentations	Hollywood*, S5, impress.js, presentation.js, reveal.js, CSSS, CSSS intro, HTML5 Slides,	Hollywood, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala,	Hollywood*, PointRider	Hollywood*, PointRider
Databases	SDB, BeeBase,	BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2,	BeeBase, SQLite,	BeeBase,
PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures	Sedja, ArosPDF via splash, vpdf wip,	APDF	AmiPDF	APDF, vPDF,
Printing	Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint],	TurboPrint*	(some native drivers),	early TurboPrint included,
Note Taking Rich Text support like joplin, OneNote, EverNote Notes etc
PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App	[ ], [ ], [ ],	Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager],	AOrganiser,	PolyOrga,
Accounting	ETB, LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ],	Home Accounts, Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok],	?	?
Project Management		SuperGantt, SuperPlan,	?	?
System Wide Dictionary - multilingual Babiloo, StarDict,	[ ],
System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual	[ ],	Kuma K-Roget*,
Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type)	AmiMemos,	StickIt v2,
DTP	RNOPublisher,	Pagestream, Professional Page, Saxon Publisher Publishing,	Pagestream*	Pagestream*
Scanning	[ SCANdal], nowadays an Android smartphone will suffice for Scanning and OCR'ing documents	FxScan, ScanQuix	SCANdal (Sane)	SCANdal
OCR	gOCR			Tesseract
Text Editing	Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), EdiSyn, Annotate, Vim, FrexxEd src, NoWinEd,	Annotate, GoldED/CubicIDE, CygnusED, Turbotext, Protext*, NoWinED,	Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED,	MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE, CygnusED, Annotate,
Font Designer	[ ], Barcode fonts, [ ],	TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1),	?	?
Drawing Vector	ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG	Drawstudio, ProVector, ArtExpression, Professional Draw, AmiFIG, MetaView,	MindSpace, amifig,	SteamDraw, amiFIG,
video conferencing (jitsi)
source code hosting	Gitlab,
Remote Desktop (server)	ArosVNCServer,	AmiVNC, AVNC	AmiVNC	MorphVNC, vncserver
Remote Desktop (client)	ArosVNC, rdesktop,	TwinVNC, VVA, RDesktop	TwinVNC, RDesktop	TwinVNC, RDesktop
notifications		Ranchero	Ringhio	MagicBeacon

* Commercial product.

Audio

Audio	AROS(x86)	Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)	Hyperion OS4(PPC)	MorphOS(PPC)
Playing playback Audio	[ mp3Player], Mplayer, [ HarmonyPlayer hp], playcdda CDs, [ WildMidi Player], UADE mod player, [], RNOTunes	AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG,	TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer	AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
Editing Audio	[ Audio Evolution 4]	Samplitude Opus Key, HD-Rec, SoundFX,	HD-Rec, AmiSoundED, Audio Evolution 4	HD-Rec,
Editing Tracker Music	Protrekkr, [ Schism Tracker], MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, [ Radium in AROS already], libMikMod,	MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio,	MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker	MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster,
Editing Music Midi via CAMD	Bars and Pipes AROS, [ Audio Evolution], [],	Bars'n'Pipes, MusicX, Deluxe Music, [ Horny], HD-Rec, Camouflague*, CAMD,	HD-Rec, Rockbeat, Bars'n'Pipes, Horny, Audio Evolution 4,	Bars'n'Pipes,
Sound Sampling	[ Audio Evolution 4], Quick Record,	Audio Evolution 3, Samplitude Opus Key, Audiomaster IV*,	HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,	HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
CD/DVD burn	FryingPan,	FryingPan, MakeCD,	FryingPan, AmiDVD,	FryingPan, Jalopeano,
CD/DVD audio rip	Lame, Quick CDrip,	Lame,	Lame,	Lame,
MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger	id3ren (v1), mp3info,
Audio Convert	Online Convert,	SoundBox, SoundBox Key, SampleE, sox	?	?
Streaming i.e. despotify
DJ mixing jamming
Radio Automation Software Rivendell, Campware LiveSupport, SourceFabric AirTime, MediaBox404,
Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 2005 ZP100 with ZP80 2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp) ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 2009 ZonePlayer S5, 2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support), 2011 Play:3 2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1, 2016 Arc, Play:1, Beam (Gen 2), Playbar, Ray, Era 100, Era 300, Roam, Move 2, Sub (Gen 3), Sub Mini, Five, Amp S2	SonosController	SonosController	SonosController	SonosController
Smart Speakers

* Commercial product.

Video Creativity and Production

Video	AROS(x86)	Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)	Hyperion OS4(PPC)	MorphOS(PPC)
Playing Video	Mplayer, CDXL player, IffAnimPlay, VAMP,	Frogger, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA, MooViD*,	DvPlayer, MPlayer	MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC
Streaming Video	Mplayer,	?	Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx	Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx
Playing DVD	AMC*, Mplayer	AMP2, Frogger	AMC, DvPlayer, AMP2,	Mplayer
Screen Recording	Screenrecorder, [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ],	?	?	Screenrecorder,
Create and Edit Individual Video	[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], AVIbuild, FrameBuild, FFMPEG	Mainactor Broadcast, Video Toaster, Broadcaster Elite, MovieShop, Adorage, VHI studio,	FFMpeg/GUI	Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg

* Commercial product.

Misc Application

Misc Application	AROS(x86)	Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)	Hyperion OS4(PPC)	MorphOS(PPC)
Digital Signage	Hollywood, Hollywood Designer
File Management	DOpus, [ DOpus Magellan], [ Scalos], [ ],	DOpus, DOpus Magellan, ClassAction, FileMaster, DM2, DirWork 2*,	DOpus, Filer, AmiDisk	DOpus
File Verification / Repair	md5 (works in linux compiling shell), workpar2 (PAR2), cksfv from website,	?	?	Par2,
App Installer	[], [ InstallerNG],	InstallerNG, Grunch,	Jack	Jack
Compression archiver paq9a, [],	XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
C/C++ IDE	Murks, FrexxEd, Annotate,	Cubic IDE*, Annotate,	CodeBench , CodeCraft,	Cubic IDE*, Anontate,
Gui Creators	[ MuiBuilder],		?	[ MuiBuilder],
Catalog .cd .ct Editors	FlexCat	SimpleCat, FlexCat	SimpleCat, FlexCat	SimpleCat, FlexCat
Repository	[ Git]	?	Git
Filesystem Backup
Filesystem Repair	ArSFSDoctor,	Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ],
Multiple File renaming	DOpus 4 or 5,
Anti Virus		VChecker,
Random Wallpaper Desktop changer	[ DOpus5], [ Scalos],
Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown	DClock, AlarmClock, [],
Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings	AFortune,
Languages		Fun School,
Mathematics (Xcas, etc.),	mathX	Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ],	Yacas	Yacas
Classroom Aids
Assessments
Reference
Training
Courseware
Skills Builder

* Commercial product.

Misc Application 2

Misc Application	AROS(x86)	Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)	Hyperion OS4(PPC)	MorphOS(PPC)
BASIC	Basic4SDL, [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn],	Amiblitz 3, Amos Pro, ACE Basic,	?	sdlBasic
OSK On Screen Keyboard	[],	OSK
Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification	ZoomIT,
Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer	comics, comicon, [],
Ebook Reader	Legadon EPUB,[]
Ebook Converter
Text to Speech,	flite,	translator,	FLite	FLite
Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - CMU Sphinx, Julius, ISIP,
Fractals		ZoneXplorer,	?	?
Landscape Rendering	[ WCS World Construction Set],	Vista Pro and World Construction Set	[ WCS World Construction Set],	[ WCS World Construction Set],
Astronomy	[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)],	Digital Almanac, Distant Suns, Digital Universe,	Digital Almanac, Distant Suns, Digital Universe,	Digital Almanac,
CAD [], [],		XCad (GFACAD), MAXONcad), DynaCadd*,	?	?
PCB design		[ ], [ ], [ ],	?	?
Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)		[ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ],
Screen Display Blanker screensaver	Blanker Commodity (built in), GarshneBlanker (can be buggy),	MultiCX,		ModernArt Blanker,
Maths Graph Function Plotting	MUIPlot,
App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar	BoingBar, [],	Dockbot,

* Commercial product.

Games & Emulation

Some newer examples cannot be ported as they require SDL2 which AROS does not currently have

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and changetaskpri -1

Rom patching https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found here as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see here and here and a blog about old computers. Possibly some of the best selling of all time. Wiki with emulated systems list.

Games Emulation	AROS(x86)	AmigaOS3(68k)	AmigaOS4(PPC)	MorphOS(PPC)
Games Emulation Amstrad CPC CPC Html5 Online, CPC Box javascript,	[1], Caprice32 (OpenGL & pure SDL), Arnold, [2],		[3]	[4],
Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS	[5],
Games Emulation Arcade	Mame, [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)],	Mame,	xmame, amiarcadia,	Mame,
Games Emulation Atari 2600	Stella,
Games Emulation Atari 5200
Games Emulation Atari 7800
Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL	Atari800,
Games Emulation Atari Lynx	Handy (ABIv0 only),
Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan
Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron	Beebjs, elks-js,	BeebEm, B-Em, Elkulator, ElectrEm,
Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo	[], [], [], js, https://www.haplessgenius.com/mocha/ js-mocha[],	Xroar,
Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
Games Emulation Commodore C64	Vice (ABIv0 only), js, js, [],	Frodo,	viceplus,	Vice,
Games Emulation Commodore Amiga	Janus UAE, Emumiga,	n/a	UAE,	UAE,
Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2	JS based MSX Online,
Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex	Vectrex OpenGL, JS based Vectrex Online,
Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy	vba no sound, gb-js, js, gbajs, [],		vba
Games Emulation Nintendo NES	[ EmiNES], Fceu, nes-js, jsnes, NesJs,	AmiNES, darcNES,	amines
Games Emulation Nintendo SNES	Zsnes,	?	warpsnes	Snes9x,
Games Emulation Nintendo N64 [], N64Recomp, rt64,	Mupen64+,	Mupen64+, TR64,	?	?
[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
[ Nintendo Wii U]
Nintendo Switch
Games Emulation NEC PC Engine	[], [], js-pce,	Hugo, Mednafen,	tgemu
Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)	Dega, sms,		osmose
Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive	gp no sound, DGen,	Genplus,	genesisplus
Games Emulation Sega Saturn	?	Yabause,
Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81	[6], [], js, [],
Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum	Fuse (crackly sound), SimCoupe, [ FBZX slow], jsspeccy, qaop,	Asp, Speculator, X128,	[7]
Games Emulation Sinclair QL	[8], [],	QDOS4amiga
Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket	[9],		gngeo, NeoPop,
Games Emulation Sony PlayStation	FPSE,		FPSE
[ Sony PS2]
[ Sony PS3]
Sony Vita
PS4
Games Emulation Tangerine Oric and Atmos	Oricutron		Oricutron	Oricutron
Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A	[10], js99er, [],	TI4Amiga, TI4Amiga src in c,
Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G] Graphing Calculators
Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators

Games General	AROS(x86)	AmigaOS3(68k)	AmigaOS4(PPC)	MorphOS(PPC)
Games Open Source and others	AROS	Amiga OS	Amiga OS4	Morphos
Games Action like openlara, opentomb, Thrust, sdl sopwith,	[11], [], [],
Games Adventure like DMJ,	[12], Aquaria*(openGL), Infocom, Zork Online. Sierra Sarien, Dragon History for ScummVM,
Games Board like	[13], Africa
Games Cards like	Patience Online,	Reko,
Games Misc	[14], Awesome open, General Open Source, [],
Games FPS like Descent 3,	Doom, Quake, Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL), Cube (OpenGL), Assault Cube (OpenGL), Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL), FodQuake QuakeWorld, [ Duke Nukem 3D], [ Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL), Hexenworld and Hexen 2, [ Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 (openGL)], [ Odamex (openGL doom)],	Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless,	Doom, Quake,	Doom, Quake, Quake 3 Arena, S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray
Games MMORG like	[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],	?	?	?
Games Platform like	[15], Maze of Galious, Gish*(openGL), Mega Mario, Giana's Return, Sqrxz, Sqrxz 2, Sqrxz 3, Sqrxz 4, Cave Story,
Games Puzzle	[16], Cubosphere (OpenGL), Candy Crisis, Blast Guy Bomberman clone, TailTale,
Games Racing (Trigger Rally, VDrift, Ultimate Stunts, Mania Drive, )	Super Tux Kart (OpenGL), F1 Spirit (OpenGL), MultiRacer,		Speed Dreams,	[17], TORCS,
Games 1st first person RPG Summoning Wars, Solarus, Duelyst, Misc, PA RPG, DNT, OpenEnroth MM, []	Arx Libertatis, js raycaster, webgl, [],	Phantasie, Faery Tale, D&D ones, Dungeon Master,
Games 3rd third person RPG GemRB, Summoning Wars, Solarus, Duelyst, Misc, fallout ce, [],
Games Action RPG GemRB, Summoning Wars, Solarus, Duelyst, Misc, Dungeon, [], JS Dusk,	nethack, BOH, [],
Games Shoot Em Ups Formido, Violetland,	Open Tyrian, Starfighter, Alien Blaster, OpenFodder,		Starfighter,
Games Simulations Freespace 2, GL117, Theme Hospital, Rollercoaster Tycoon, Hedgewars,		SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park,		[18]
Games Strategy RTSgus, Wargus, Stargus, Perimeter, [], [],	MegaGlest (OpenGL), UFO:AI (OpenGL), FreeCiv,			[19]
Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration Classicube,Craft, DelphiCraft,Luanti formerly Minetest, [ infiniminer],
Battle Royale Play.Bruh.io, Copter Royale, Surviv.io, Nugget Royale, Miniroyale2.io,
Games Tower Defense HTML5, TD C++, LUA and LOVE, HTML5, ConfigTD Pascal, Wine, []
Games C based game frameworks Corange, Mojoc, Orx, Quake 3, Tiled, 2d Raylib, other raylib, Gunslinger, o3d, GLFW, [SDL], [ SDL2], [ SDL3], [ SDL4],	Raylib 5,
Games Visual Novel Engines Tuesday JS, [ Lua + LOVE], RenPSP, [],
Games 2D 3D Engines [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], Torque3D, GamePlay 3D, [ ], [ ], [ Unity], [ Unreal Engine],

Application Guides

Web Browser

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019).

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works.

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum).

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow.

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed.

E-mail

SimpleMail

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this User list

GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995

smtp: smtp.gmail.com (with authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use SSL: Yes Port: 465 or 587

Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password 2. Manual 3. IMAP 4.

Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.

Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
Port - 993
Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
Port - 465 or 587
Requires SSL - Yes
Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
Password - Your account's password
Requires authentication - Yes

Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.

YAM Yet Another Mailer

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available YAM Freelists

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.

getting a "Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

GMail

Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL) Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.

Outlook.com access

Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes

Yahoo  Mail

“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

Microsoft Outlook Express Mail

1. Get the files to your PC. By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.

FTP

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a "thing of the past", its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure "FTP file transfer" is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on "New". You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:

1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure "Passive Transfers" is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:

1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's "MyWorkspace" contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.

IRC Internet Relay Chat

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many.

Just type a message in lowercase' letters and it will be posted to all in the AROS channel. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace <message> with a line of text and <nick> with a person's name

/help

/list

/who
/whois <nick>

/msg <nick> <message>

/query <nick> 
<message>s
/query

/away <message>
/away

/quit <going away message>

Intro guide here.

IRC Primer can be found here in html, TXT, PostScript.

Issue the command /me <text> where <text> is the text that should follow your nickname. Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick <newNick>

/nickserv register <password> <email address>

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify <password>

Alternatives: /ns identify <password> /msg nickserv identify <password>

IRC WookieChat

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.

add smilies drawer/directory

run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

nickname
user name
real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.

servers

New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box
New Group
Delete Entry
Connect to server
connect in new tab
perform on connect

Change details

Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server:
Port number - no need to change
Server password
Channel - add #channel from below
auto join - can click this
nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above

Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans

On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga

BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server.

Other servers,

Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a)

twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)

Multiple server support
"Perform on connect" scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser

IRC Aircos

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc.

IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky

Servers are setup and close down at random

You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them.

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky

Jabberwocky -> Server -> XMPP -> open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -> Server -> Transports (Gateways) -> Proprietary closed systems

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) but you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with transports to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.

You have to register with one of the servers, this list or another list, this security XMPP list,

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's "Windows" menu and select the "Agents" option. The "Agents List" window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

Chatrooms (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. AmiPhone and Speak Freely was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.

Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

Video Player MPlayer

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3

mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9

mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;

mplayer -gui 1 <other params> file.avi

stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui > Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls > Nil:

MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface

Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music

http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://html5.grooveshark.com/

BBC Radio streams

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://backinmyplay.com/ http://www.backinmyplay.com/podcast/bimppodcast.xml

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp

ZunePaint

simplified typical workflow

importing and organizing and photo management
making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time
exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata

Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.

For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common. Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.

White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under "Misc color effects" tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green
Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K)
Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F)
Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs -
Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D)
Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size

White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.

Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z
Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level.

Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone.
Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture.
After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.

And save your picture

Spotlights - triange of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking.

Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by and brushes for other areas.
Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal.

Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.

Implemented colour model representations Mathematical approach - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well.

RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting)
YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color video

Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) . The alpha channel is used for "alpha compositing", which can mostly be associated as "opacity". AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph. The highlights are represented by the right third. And the midtones are, of course, in the middle. The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

RGB Curves

Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens
Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but
Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.

 Red <-> Cyan
 Green <->Magenta
 Blue <->Yellow

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e. separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white. A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram. A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited. By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much Can be used to create a negative image but also With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow. With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan. e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other. using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.

Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur,

negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop,

reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon, etc.
red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects)

blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as

dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.

frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration - lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves - Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc. contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats

low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace - TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, ILM .EXR, jpg, cr2 (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it)

An old version of dcraw

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a "downsampling" - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Free royalty pictures

www.freeimages.com, http://imageshack.us/ , http://photobucket.com/ , http://rawpixels.net/,

Lunapaint

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail

b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY < > n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region

, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color

There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
implement graphic tablet features support

- GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much: UNDO ERASER COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked. BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from "New project screen"

Miss it somewhat: ICON for UNDO ICON for ERASER ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often ) BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

- ANIMATING**

Miss it very much: NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat: ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.

LAYERS -Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames -Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES -Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --> My robot was blue now it's "gold" ) I think this only happens if you have layers. -Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them) -Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences) -Make a setting for the default "Work" folder.

Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers
mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     <  - Zoom In
     >  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours

Lodepaint

Pixel based painting artwork app

Grafx2

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like

aesprite workflow keys and tablet use, [],

Vector Graphics ZuneFIG

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps

Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping
Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide
Colour - fill stroke
Stroke - size
Brushes -
Layers -
Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows
Text -
Transform -

AmiFIG (xfig manual)

Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG. — All windows available to AmiFIG.

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

Menu options

Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys
Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s)

Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes, polygon
Lines - polylines
Text "T" button
Photos - bitmaps
Compound - Glue, Break, Scale
POINTs - Move, Add, Remove
Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste

use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)

Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives

Color
Line Width
Line Style
arrowheads

Modes

Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored

compound tools to add .fig(s) together

FIG 3.2 Format as produced by xfig version 3.2.5

Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01

change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right).
The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation

Audio

AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.

Music Mods

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

Protrekkr (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

Sample
Note - Effect
Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) The Note can be changed with an Effect. A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above). Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast.
Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of "swing" feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line.
Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.

The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern "00", then pattern "02", then "03", then "01", etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern "03" at order "02" are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 "Kick".

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the "F" effect, which is a tempo command. The "04" means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In "Wild Bunnies" the base pattern is pattern "03" at order "02".

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.

Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The "F" command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of "swing" feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The "8" command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.

Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more "live".

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.

Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.

Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The "461" effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 "Square"), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms

The most common building blocks are:

INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
VERSE
REFRAIN
PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
CHORUS
BRIDGE
MIDDLE EIGHT
SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
COLLISION
CODA / OUTRO
AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.

Playing

RCTRL: Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL: Play song from current row.

RALT: Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT: Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '>': Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '>': Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|>': Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|>': Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record': Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record': Record mode on/off.

Editing

LSHIFT + ESCAPE: Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB: Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB: Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. note in track

SPACE: Toggle Edit mode On & Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE: Toggle Record mode On & Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW: 1 Line down

UP ARROW: 1 Line up

LEFT ARROW: 1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW: 1 Row right

PREV. PAGE: 16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE: 16 Arrows Down

HOME / END: Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END: First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad): Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M: Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M: Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11: Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4: Select a copy buffer

Tracking

1st and 2nd keys rows: Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows: Lower octave row

RSHIFT: Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2: -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE): Empty a column or a selected block.

Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).

LCTRL + A: Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A: Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X: Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C: Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V: Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I: Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R: Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W: Save the current selection into a file

Misc

LALT + ENTER: Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4: Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S: Save current module

LSHIFT + S: Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I: Switch top right panel to instruments list

C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly. This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note.

   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide

Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up. There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 00

C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 02

C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 05

C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 08

C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0A

C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0D

C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..) Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.

The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest. Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format. vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on)

 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 <-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 <- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 <- Turn it off

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order. Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop "movement" is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.

Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)

Possible plugin options include LV2,

Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

Timidity

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the timidity.tar.gz (14MB) into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/

assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity

added to SYSːs/User-Startup

WildMidi playback

Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)

i Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format

Sync Menu - CAMD Receive, Send checked
Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup

MCB Master Control Bus

Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&P).
B&P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes
CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE

MIDI Machine Control
Midi Bar Display
Select CAMD MIDI in / out
Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely

Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up

q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid

Bars n Pipes sequencer

BarsnPipes debug ... in shell

Menu (right mouse)

Song - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1
Track -
Edit -
Tool -
Timing - SMTPE Synchronizing
Windows -
Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time)

Workflow -> Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro,
Control -> Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome,

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -> Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a blank song you can load each time

Right mouse menu -> Preferences -> Environment... -> ScreenMode - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC

Tracks

Double-click on B&P's icon. B&P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&P.
Choose a track. The B&P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.

Videos to help understand small intro, Overview, Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex, Import Song, Tempo Mapping, ptool Arpeggi-8, PlayMidi Song, Amiga Midi, Learning Amiga bars and Pipes,

Tracks window

blue "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group" and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
Flags
Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated

Each Track has a

Left LHS - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline
Middle - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap
Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times

Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc

right mouse -> Toolbox menu option -> Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms Bars & Pipes pattern format .ptrn for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group

Accessories (affect the whole app)

Accessories -> Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support

Song Construction

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes,

Bars&Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations

Tempo Map

F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Eraser F5 Curve F6 Toolpad

Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature

Master Parameters

Key, Scale/Mode

Track Parameters

Dynamics

Time-line Scoring

Media Madness

Mix Maestro

ACCESSORIES Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules
CLIPBOARD Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
INFORMATION A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
MASTER PARAMETERS Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
MEDIA MADNESS A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc
METRONOME Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
MIX MAESTRO Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software, and fader grouping
RECORD ACTIVATION Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation and so on.
SET FLAGS Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time.
SONG CONSTRUCTION Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑and‑drop mouse selections.
TEMPO MAP Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves.
TEMPO PALETTE Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
TIMELINE SCORING Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
TOOLBOX Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available
TRACKS Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
TRANSPORT Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.

Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed. Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID "NAME" (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as "NAME". On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as "EMAN". The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml

MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically "note on", "note off", "program change", "controller change", or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

Channel - 1 to 16 -
Messages - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs, etc
Sequencing - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design,
Recording -
GUI - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys.

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards.

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -> PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -> Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF

Prefs -> Environment -> screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file)

Customization -> pics in gui drawer (folder) -

Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi

SMF is a “Standard Midi File” (SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2), libsmf, MIDIcomp, C++ src, [], Midi player,

SMF0 All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
SMF1 The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.

Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in & out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... << This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....

So "--- .. .. 90 2040...." will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, "breath controller" data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending "expression pedal" data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The "voice" or "instrument" is selected using a "Program Change" message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in "banks", and the choice of instrument is made by responding to "Bank Select MSB" (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use "Bank Select LSB" (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.

MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are "compatible". In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed "Function", "Transmitted" (or "Tx"), "Received" (or "Rx"), or more correctly "Recognised", and finally, "Remarks".

The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra "Notes". Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI "modes" and what the "X" and the "O" mean.

Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.

O means "yes" (implemented), X means "no" (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks "**************", these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel But the very first set of boxes will tell us the "Basic Channel(s)" that the device sends or receives on. "Default" is what happens when the device is first turned on, "changed" is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be "split" with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel. So we might see the default as "1" but the changed as "1-16".

Modes. We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an "Omni On" message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, "Omni Off".

So "Omni Off" (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

"Poly" (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

"Mono" (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a "smoother" transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the "Altered" field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number

The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, "True Voice" has the following in the MIDI specification: 
"Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument."
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano.

Velocity This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually "O" plus a range or "X" for not implemented.

After touch This may have one or two lines two it. If a one liner the either "O" or "X", yes or no. If a two liner then it may include "Keys" or "Poly" and "Channel". This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend Again "O" for implemented, "X" for not implemented. (Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.) It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change This is likely to be the largest section of the chart. It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using "O" or "X" respectively. You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change Again "O" or "X" in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available. True # (number): "The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected."

System Exclusive Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:

MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request

The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time These include the following:

Timing Clock - often just written as "Clock"
Start
Stop
Continue

These three are usually just referred to as "Commands" and listed. Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.

Aux. Messages
Again "O" or "X" for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.

Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes The "Notes" section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification. And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.

OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers" by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

Status D7----D0	Data Byte(s) D7----D0	Description
1000nnnn	0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv	Note Off event. This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
1001nnnn	0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv	Note On event. This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
1010nnnn	0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv	Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
1011nnnn	0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv	Control Change. This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as "Channel Mode Messages" (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
1100nnnn	0ppppppp	Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
1101nnnn	0vvvvvvv	Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
1110nnnn	0lllllll 0mmmmmmm	Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

Status D7----D0	Data Byte(s) D7----D0	Description
1011nnnn	0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv	Channel Mode Messages. This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are: All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice. Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.) c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages Type Status Byte Number of Data Bytes Usage

Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.

MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
- While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.

System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7 The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0. The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier. Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning. If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.

ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.

After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes. The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7. The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer. System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer. Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.

Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

Status D7----D0	Data Byte(s) D7----D0	Description
11110000	0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii] 0ddddddd --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111	System Exclusive. This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
11110001	0nnndddd	MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame. nnn = Message Type dddd = Values
11110010	0lllllll 0mmmmmmm	Song Position Pointer. This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
11110011	0sssssss	Song Select. The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
11110100		Undefined. (Reserved)
11110101		Undefined. (Reserved)
11110110		Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
11110111		End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump.

System Real-Time Messages

Status D7----D0	Data Byte(s) D7----D0	Description
11111000		Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
11111001		Undefined. (Reserved)
11111010		Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
11111011		Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
11111100		Stop. Stop the current sequence.
11111101		Undefined. (Reserved)
11111110		Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation.
11111111		Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.

Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:

0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)

Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format

0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format

0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value

You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.

Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:

0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.

Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:

0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)

This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio & Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ? Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ? You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the "wav" option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.

Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment

DAW Audio Evolution 4

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)

Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well.

Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)

stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option

Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port

Options -> Soundcard In/Out
Options -> SampleRate
Options -> Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track "not in time" ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.

These are the usual features found in DAWs...

Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer
virtual VST instruments and plug-ins
automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor

different track views
mixer and track layout (but not the same as below)
traditional two windows (track and mixer)

Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus->Windows-> Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are "prefade" so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.

Tracking

Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -> Amplify -> Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -

Overdub

Office

Spreadsheet Leu

Spreadsheet Ignition

Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported

ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only).
igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is no support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos (Uniform Unified Office Format) at the moment.

Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -> Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions.
Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c) to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively
Edit -> Insert -> Row seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by Object -> Sheet -> Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click down arrow button to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a very small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to copy a formula to other cells.

Object -> Cell -> Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that formatting can be done to all highlighted cells. View -> Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

#sheet-name to absolute reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...

Dates

Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD (maybe this needs to change)

Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put date in days

Time

Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put time in seconds taken

Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium),

select a bunch of cells and Object -> Database -> Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?)
Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
Object -> Database -> Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -

Scripts (Arexx)

Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas , replaced by semi-colons ; to separate values within functions

SUM(),
AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
IF(), AND, OR, NOT
LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(),
LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy),
TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()),
EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(),
NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),

Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files

There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), INDEX(), MATCH(), CHOOSE(), TEXT(),
TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &, PROPER(), REPT(),
SUMPRODUCT(), ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(),
PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE,
MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(),
DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),

Excel Keyboard shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition

Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.

To read document follow these steps:

Extracting .ods file.
Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.

To write document follow these steps:

Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
Getting content.xml file.
Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

Workbook stream
- Globals substream
  - BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts)
- Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
  - Blank cell record
  - RK cell record 32-bit number.
  - BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
  - Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
  - LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
  - Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
  - MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
  - MulRK record
  - Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), DB(), DDB(), DISC(), DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),

Document Scanning - Scandal

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -> Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None) If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only

or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner gt68xx firmwares in sys:s/gt68xx.
epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

Save the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the Information tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the Scanner tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set dpi first. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the Scan Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.

The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select "NONE" to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

Emulators

Amiga Emu - Janus UAE

What is the fix for the grey screen when trying to run the workbench screenmode to match the current AROS one?

is it seamless, ie click on an ADF disk image and it loads it?

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:

cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config >nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli

This stops it hogging all the CPU time.

old versions of UAE do not support hi-res p96 graphics

Miscellaneous

Screensaver Blanker

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange >NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options

seconds=number

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 >NIL:

Garshneblanker can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.

[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY="Shift F1" 
cx_popup=Yes or No

 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    "lshift"           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    "rshift"           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    "capslock"         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    "control"          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    "lalt"             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    "ralt"             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    "lcommand"         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    "rcommand"         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    "numericpad"       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    "repeat"           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    "midbutton"        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    "rbutton"          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    "leftbutton"       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    "relativemouse"    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE

    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    "shift"    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    "caps"     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    "alt"      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    "space", "backspace", "tab", "enter", "return", "esc", "del",
    "up", "down", "right", "left", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5",
    "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "f10", "help".

World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031)

Open Sourced February 2022, World Construction Set legally and for free and c source. Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris "Xenon" Hanson" from Questar

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama.

After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. It is a dock shortcut of first few functions of the menu.

Database
Data Ops - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats
Map View - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to Database Editor
Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc
Render - rendering terrain

These are in the pull down menu but not the dock

Motion Editor
Color Editor
Ecosys Editor

Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the "Mapview" (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

Loading of a demonstration project.
The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the "Database-Editor" and the "Color-Editor".
The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.

The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the "Mapview" window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that "Color-Editor" and the "Data-Editor" comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the "Data-Editor" (creation of roads, railways, etc.)

Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions ("slide", "drag"...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window.

A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the "Motion-Editor", a "cam-view" function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible (FIG. 6). The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images ("path"), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer ("zbuffer"), the blur, the background image, etc.

Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the "Render" button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.

Try working with the already built file Tutorial-Canyon.project - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:Tutorial-Canyon.proj

Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included

Loading scene parameters Tutorial-CanyonMIO.par

Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. Then drop-down menu and select Save As (.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)

The Map View (MapView) window

Database - Objects and Topos
View - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move
Draw - Maps and distance
Object - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate
Motion - Camera, Focus, path, elevation
Windows - DEM designer, Cloud and wave editor,

You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values change, along with the height. Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map. Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything. There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...

Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape. With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.

Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated). Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.

Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water . Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water. Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor. Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model

Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first. Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations! So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50

'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
<pre>
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
<pre>
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep. Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.

Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:

-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5

As soon as the values shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear. Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude... Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.

From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain. While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision. Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.

The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.

Strengths:

Multi-window.
Quality of rendering.
Accuracy.
Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats
The "zbuffer" function.

Weaknesses:

No OpenGL management
Calculation time.
No network computing tool.

Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. ("Data/Audio Tracks" is on the right).

You should use the "Data/Audio tracks" page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to "Tracks" page "ISO Builder" and "ADD" everything you need to burn.

On the "Write" page i have "Masterize Disc (DAO)", "Close Disc" and "Eject after Write" set.

One must not "Blank disc before write" if one uses a CDR

AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to "Tracks" page and "Data/Audio Tracks" and add the .iso

Audio

Open Source - PCM, AV1,
Licenced Paid - AAC, x264/h264, h265,

Video

Y'PbPr is analogue component video
YUV is an intermediary step in converting Y'PbPr to S-Video (YC) or composite video
Y'CbCr is digital component video (not YUV)

AV1 (AOMedia Video 1) is the next video streaming codec and planned as the successor to the lossy HEVC (H. 265) format that is currently used for 4K HDR video

DTP Pagestream 3.2 3.3 Amiga Version

Assign PageStream: "Work:PageStream3"
Assign SoftLogik: "PageStream:SoftLogik"
Assign Fonts: "PageStream:SoftLogik/Fonts" ADD

Normally Pagestream Fonts are installed in directory Pagestream3:Fonts/. Next step is to mark the right fonts-path in Pagestream's Systemprefs (don't confuse softlogik.font - this is only a screen-systemfont). Installed them all in a NEW Pagestream/Fonts drawer - every font-family in its own separate directory and marked them in PageStream3/Systemprefs for each family entry. e.g. Project > System Preferences >Fonts. You simply enter the path where the fonts are located into the Default Drawer string. e.g. System:PageStream/Fonts Then you click on Add and add a drawer. Then you hit Update. Then you hit Save. The new font(s) are available.

If everything went ok font "triumvirate-normal" should be chosen automatically when typing text. Kerning and leading

Normally, only use postscript fonts (Adobe Type 1 - both metric file .afm or .pfm variant and outline file .pfb) because easier to print to postscript printers and these fonts give the best results and printing is fast! Double sided printing.

CYMK pantone matching system color range support

http://pagestream.ylansi.net/

For long documents you would normally prepare the body text beforehand in a text editor because any DTP package is not suited to this activity (i.e. slow). Cropping pictures are done outside usually.

Wysiwyg Page setup - Page Size - Landscape or Portrait - Full width bottom left corner

Toolbar - Panel General, Palettes, Text Toolbox and View

Master page (size, borders margin, etc.) - Styles (columns, alley, gutter between, etc.) i.e. balance the weight of design and contrast with white space(s) - unity

Text via two methods - click box for text block box which you resize or click I resizing text box frame which resizes itself

Centre picture if resizing horizontally - Toolbox - move to next page and return - grid Structured vector clipart images - halftone - scaling

Table of contents, Header and Footer Back Matter like the glossary, appendices, index, endnotes, and bibliography.

Right Mouse click - Line, Fill, Color -

Spot color

Quick keyboard shortcuts

l - line 
a - alignment 
c - colours

Golden ratio divine proportion golden section mean phi fibonnaci term of 1.618 1.6180339887498948482 including mathematical progression sequences a+b of 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, etc. Used it to create sculptures and artwork of the perfect ideal human body figure, logos designs etc. for good proportions and pleasing to the eye for best composition

options for using rgb or cmyk colours, or grayscale color spaces The printing process uses four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK). Different color spaces have mismatches between the color that are represented in RGB and CMYKA.

Not implemented

HSV/HSB - hue saturation value (brightness) or HSVA with additional alpha transparent (cone of color-nonlinear transformation of RGB)
HSL - slightly different to above (spinning top shape)
CIE Lab - Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage based on brightness, hue, and colourfulness
CIELUV, CIELCH
YCbCr/YCC
CMYK CMJN (subtractive) profile is a narrower gamut (range) than any of the digital representations, mostly used for printing printshop, etc.
Pantone (TM) Matching scale scheme for DTP use
SMPTE DCI P3 color space (wider than sRGB for digital cinema movie projectors)

Color Gamuts

sRGB Rec. 709 (TV Broadcasts)
DCI-P3
Abode RGB
NTSC
Pointers Gamut
Rec. 2020 (HDR 4K streaming)
Visible Light Spectrum

Combining photos (cut, resize, positioning, lighting/shadows (flips) and colouring) - search out photos where the subjects are positioned in similar environments and perspective, to match up, simply place the cut out section (use Magic Wand and Erase using a circular brush (varied sizes) with the hardness set to 100% and no spacing) over the worked on picture, change the opacity and resize to see how it fits. Clone areas with a soft brush to where edges join, Adjust mid-tones, highlights and shadows.

A panorama is a wide-angled view of a physical space. It is several stable, rotating tripod based photographs with no vertical movement that are stitched together horizontally to create a seamless picture. Grab a reference point about 20%-30% away from the right side, so that this reference point allows for some overlap between your photos when getting to the editing phase.

Aging faces - the ears and nose are more pronounced i.e. keep growing, the eyes are sunken, the neck to jaw ratio decreases, and all the skin shows the impact of years of gravity pulling on it, slim the lips a bit, thinner hairline, removing motion

Exposure triange - aperture, ISO and shutter speed - the three fundamental elements working together so you get the results you want and not what the camera appears to tell you
The Manual/Creative Modes on your camera are Program, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, and Manual Mode. On most cameras, they are marked “P, A, S, M.” These stand for “Program Mode, Aperture priority (A or Av), Shutter Priority (S or TV), and Manual Mode.
letters AV (for Canon camera’s) or A (for Nikon camera’s) on your shooting mode dial sets your digital camera to aperture priority - If you want all of the foreground and background to be sharp and in focus (set your camera to a large number like F/11 closing the lens). On the other hand, if you’re taking a photograph of a subject in focus but not the background, then you would choose a small F number like F/4 (opening the lens). When you want full depth-of-field, choose a high f-stop (aperture). When you want shallow depth of field, choose a lower fstop.
Letter M if the subjects in the picture are not going anywhere i.e. you are not in a hurry - set my ISO to 100 to get no noise in the picture -
COMPOSITION rule of thirds (imagine a tic-tac-toe board placed on your picture, whatever is most interesting or eye-catching should be on the intersection of the lines) and leading lines but also getting down low and shooting up, or finding something to stand on to shoot down, or moving the tripod an inch -
Focus PRECISELY else parts will be blurry - make sure you have enough depth-of-field to make the subject come out sharp. When shooting portraits, you will almost always focus on the person's nearest eye
landscape focus concentrate on one-third the way into the scene because you'll want the foreground object to be in extremely sharp focus, and that's more important than losing a tiny bit of sharpness of the objects far in the background.

Also, even more important than using the proper hyperfocal distance for your scene is using the proper aperture -

entry level DSLRs allow to change which autofocus point is used rather than always using the center autofocus point and then recompose the shot - back button

DTP Design layout to impress an audience

Created originally on this thread on amigaworld.net

Commercial -> Open Source

Microsoft Office --> LibreOffice
Airtable --> NocoDB
Notion --> AppFlowy(dot)IO
Salesforce CRM --> ERPNext
Slack --> Mattermost
Zoom --> Jitsi Meet
Jira --> Plane
FireBase --> Convex, Appwrite, Supabase, PocketBase, instant
Vercel --> Coolify
Heroku --> Dokku
Adobe Premier --> DaVinci Resolve
Adobe Illustrator --> Krita
Adobe After Effects --> Blender