CIW Certification/Acronyms

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This is a glossary of acronyms commonly used when studying for any of the ProSoft CIW Certification Exams

To add new definitions, please use the format:

;item
: the item's definition and explanation paragraph, if any

A

AADS

Ameritech Advanced Data Systems

Ameritech (NYSE: AIT) serves millions of customers in 50 states and 40 countries. Ameritech provides a full range of communications services including local and long-distance telephone and data, cellular, paging, security, cable TV, Internet and more. One of the world's 100 largest companies, Ameritech (www.ameritech.com) has 70,500 employees, 1 million shareowners and more than $30 billion in assets. Ameritech also operates the Internet Network Access Point (NAP) in Chicago, the largest Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) access point in the world. Ameritech has also been selected by the National Science Foundation as the global NAP for the next generation Internet initiative. iCAIR Press Release February 1999

ACH

Automated Clearing House

Automated Clearing House (ACH) is the name of an electronic network for financial transactions in the United States. ACH processes large volumes of both credit and debit transactions which are originated in batches.- More From Wikipedia -

ACL

Access Control List

In computer security, an access control list (ACL) is a list of permissions attached to an object. The list specifies who or what is allowed to access the object and what operations are allowed to be performed on the object. - More From Wikipedia -

AD

Active Directory

Active Directory (AD) is an implementation of LDAP directory services by Microsoft for use primarily in Windows environments. The main purpose of Active Directory is to provide central authentication and authorization services for Windows based computers. - More From Wikipedia -

ADO

ActiveX Data Object

Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) is a set of Component Object Model objects for accessing data sources. It provides a layer between programming languages and OLE DB (a means of accessing data stores in a uniform manner), which allows a developer to write programs which access data, without knowing how the database is implemented. - More From Wikipedia -

ADOdb

ActiveX Data Object Database

ADOdb is a database abstraction library for PHP and Python based on the same concept as Microsoft's ActiveX Data Objects. It allows developers to write applications in a fairly consistent way regardless of the underlying database storing the information. The advantage is that the database can be changed without re-writing every call to it in the application. - More From Wikipedia -

ADR

Advanced Data Recording

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. - More From Wikipedia -

AFP

Apple File Protocol

The Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) is a layer 6 (presentation layer) network protocol that offers file services for Mac OS X and Classic Mac OS. - More From Wikipedia -

AH

Authentication Header

AH is a protocol that provides authentication of either all or part of the contents of a datagram through the addition of a header that is calculated based on the values in the datagram. - More From TCP/IP Guide -

AM

Amplitude Modulation

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. - More From Wikipedia -

AMI

Alternate Mark Inversion

When used on a T-carrier, bipolar encoding is known as Alternate Mark Inversion because, in this context, a binary 1 is referred to as a "mark", while a binary 0 is called a "space".[2] The coding was used extensively in first-generation PCM networks, and is still commonly seen on older multiplexing equipment today. - More From Wikipedia -

ANS

Advanced Network Services

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (IPA pronunciation: [ænsiː]) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. - More From Wikipedia -

AP

Access Point

In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP or AP) is a device that connects wireless communication devices together to form a wireless network. - More From Wikipedia -

API

Application Program Interface

An application programming interface (API) is a source code interface that a computer application, operating system or library provides to support requests for services to be made of it by a computer program. - More From Wikipedia -

APIPA

Automatic Private IP Addressing

Zeroconf or Zero Configuration Networking is a set of techniques that automatically create a usable IP network without configuration or special servers. (Redirected from APIPA) - More From Wikipedia -

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol

In computer networking, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the standard method for finding a host's hardware address when only its network layer address is known. - More From Wikipedia -

ARPA

Advanced Research Projects Agency

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technology for use by the military. (Redirected from Advanced Research Projects Agency) - More From Wikipedia -

ARPANET

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by DARPA of the United States Department of Defense was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the global Internet. - More From Wikipedia -

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a character encoding based on the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that work with text. - More From Wikipedia -

ASF

Advanced Streaming Format

Advanced Systems Format (formerly Advanced Streaming Format) is Microsoft's proprietary digital audio/digital video container format, especially meant for streaming media. - More From Wikipedia -

ASP

Active Server Pages / Application Service Provider

Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft's server-side script engine for dynamically-generated web pages. It is marketed as an add-on to Internet Information Services (IIS). - More From Wikipedia - An application service provider (ASP) is a business that provides computer-based services to customers over a network. - More From Wikipedia -

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a cell relay, packet switching network and data link layer protocol which encodes data traffic into small (53 bytes; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information) fixed-sized cells. ATM provides data link layer services that run over Layer 1 links. [Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a cell relay, packet switching network and data link layer protocol which encodes data traffic into small (53 bytes; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information) fixed-sized cells. ATM provides data link layer services that run over Layer 1 links. - More From Wikipedia -

ATVEF

Advanced Television Enhancement Forum

AU

Unix Audio

AV

Anti-Virus

Antivirus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware). - More From Wikipedia -

AVI

Audio Visual Interleaved

Audio Video Interleave, known by its acronym AVI, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows technology. AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a standard container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback. - More From Wikipedia -

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B

B2B

Business to Business

Business-to-business or B2B is a term commonly used to describe the transaction of goods or services between businesses. - More from Wikipedia -

B2E

Business to Employee

Business-to-employee (B2E) electronic commerce uses an intrabusiness network which allows companies to provide products and/or services to their employees. - More from Wikipedia -

B2G

Business to Government

Business-to-government e-commerce (B2G) networks allow businesses to bid on government RFPs in a reverse auction fashion. Public sector organizations (PSO's) post tenders in the form of RFP's, RFI's, RFQ's etc. and suppliers respond to them. - More from Wikipedia -

BASH

Bourne Again Shell

Bash is a Unix shell written for the GNU Project. The name of the actual executable is bash. Its name is an acronym for Bourne-again shell. - More from Wikipedia -

BDC

Backup Domain Controller

In Windows NT 4 server domains, the Backup Domain Controller (BDC) is a computer that has a copy of the user accounts database. - More from Wikipedia -

BERT

Bit-Error Rate Test

BGP

Border Gateway Protocol

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. It works by maintaining a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which designate network reachability among autonomous systems (AS). - More from Wikipedia -

BIND

Berkeley Internet Name Domain

BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) is the most commonly used DNS server on the Internet, especially on Unix-like systems, where it is a de facto standard. - More from Wikipedia -

BLOB

Binary Large Object

A binary large object, also known as a blob, is a collection of binary data stored as a single entity in a database management system. - More from Wikipedia -

BMP

Bitmapped

The BMP file format, sometimes called bitmap or DIB file format (for device-independent bitmap), is an image file format used to store bitmap digital images, especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems. - More from Wikipedia -

BNC

Bayonet Nut Connector / Bayonet Neill Concelman / British Naval Connector

The BNC connector is used for RF signal (typically pro-video) connections, both for analog and Serial Digital Interface video signals. - More from Wikipedia -

BPS

Bits per second

In telecommunications and computing, bitrate is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. - More from Wikipedia -

BRI

Basic Rate Interface

Basic rate interface (BRI, 2B+D, 2B1D) is an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) configuration defined in the physical layer standard I.430 produced by the ITU. - More from Wikipedia -

BSD

Berkeley Software Distribution

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD, sometimes called Berkeley Unix) is the UNIX derivative distributed by the University of California, Berkeley, starting in the 1970s. - More from Wikipedia -

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C

C2B

Consumer to Business

Consumer-to-business (C2B ) is an electronic commerce business model in which consumers (individuals) offer products and services to companies and the companies pay them. This business model is a complete reversal of traditional business model where companies offer goods and services to consumers (business-to-consumer = B2C). - More from Wikipedia -

C2C

Consumer to Consumer

Consumer-to-consumer (or C2C) electronic commerce involves the electronically-facilitated transactions between consumers through some third party. A common example is the online auction, in which a consumer posts an item for sale and other consumers bid to purchase it; the third party generally charges a flat fee or commission. - More from Wikipedia -

CA

Certification Authority

In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity which issues digital certificates for use by other parties. It is an example of a trusted third party. CAs are characteristic of many public key infrastructure (PKI) schemes. There are many commercial CAs that charge for their services. Institutions and governments may have their own CAs, and there are also free CAs. - More from Wikipedia -

CAN

Campus Area Network

A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area. It can be considered one form of a metropolitan area network, specific to an academic setting. - More from Wikipedia -

CAU

Controlled Access Unit

CDF

Channel Definition Format

Channel Definition Format (CDF) is an XML standard used in conjunction with Microsoft Active Channel and Smart Offline Favorites technologies. Its use is to define a website's content and structure. - More from Wikipedia -

CGI

Common Gateway Interface

The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard protocol for interfacing external application software with an information server, commonly a web server. This allows the server to pass requests from a client web browser to the external application. The web server can then return the output from the application to the web browser. - More from Wikipedia -

CHAP

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

CHAP is an authentication scheme used by Point to Point Protocol (PPP) servers to validate the identity of remote clients. - More from Wikipedia -

CIDR

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR, pronounced "cider") was introduced in 1993 and is the latest refinement to the way IP addresses are interpreted. - More from Wikipedia -

CIR

Committed Information Rate

Committed Information Rate or CIR in a Frame relay network is the average bandwidth for a virtual circuit guaranteed by an ISP to work under normal conditions. At any given time the bandwidth should not fall below this committed figure. It is usually expressed in kilobits per second (kbit/s). - More from Wikipedia -

CNAME

Canonical Name

CO

Central Office

CODEC

Compressor/Decompressor / Coder/Decoder

A codec is a device or program capable of performing encoding and decoding on a digital data stream or signal. The word codec may be a combination of any of the following: 'Compressor-Decompressor', 'Coder-Decoder', or 'Compression/Decompression algorithm'. - More from Wikipedia -

COM

Common Object Model

Component Object Model (COM) is a platform for software componentry introduced by Microsoft in 1993. It is used to enable interprocess communication and dynamic object creation in any programming language that supports the technology. - More from Wikipedia -

CORBA

Common Object Request Broker Architecture

The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) that enables software components written in multiple computer languages and running on multiple computers to work together. - More from Wikipedia -

CPAN

Comprehensive Perl Archive Network

CPAN is an acronym standing for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, an archive of over 12,200 modules of software written in Perl, as well as documentation for it. - More from Wikipedia -

CPU

Central Processing Unit

A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the component in a digital computer capable of executing a program. - More from Wikipedia -

CRC

Cyclical Redundancy Check

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a type of function that takes as input a data stream of any length and produces as output a value of a certain fixed size. The term CRC is often used to denote either the function or the function's output. - More from Wikipedia -

CSMA/CA

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance

In computer networking, CSMA/CA belongs to a class of protocols called multiple access methods. CSMA/CA stands for: Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance. In CSMA, a station wishing to transmit has to first listen to the channel for a predetermined amount of time so as to check for any activity on the channel. If the channel is sensed "idle" then the station is permitted to transmit. If the channel is sensed as "busy" the station has to defer its transmission. - More from Wikipedia -

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection

Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a network control protocol in which a carrier sensing scheme is used. A transmitting data station that detects another signal while transmitting a frame, stops transmitting that frame, transmits a jam signal, and then waits for a random time interval before trying to send that frame again. - More from Wikipedia -

CSNW

Client Services for NetWare

CSS

Cascading Style Sheet

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML. - More from Wikipedia -

CSU

Channel Service Unit

In telecommunications, a channel service unit (CSU) is a line bridging device for use with T-carrier. - More from Wikipedia -

CSU/DSU

Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit

A CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) is a digital-interface device used to connect a router to a digital circuit such as a T1 or T3 line. A CSU/DSU operates at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. - More from Wikipedia -

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D

DARPA

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DBMS

Database Management Systems

DC

Domain Controller

DCE

Data Communication Equipment

DCOM

Distributed Component Object Model

DDS

Dataphone Digital Service / Digital Data Storage / Digital Data Service

DES

Data Encryption Service

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHTML

Dynamic HTML

DLC

Data Link Control

DLL

Data Link Library / Dynamic Linked Library

DMZ

Demilitarized Zone

DNS

Domain Name Service / Domain Name Server / Domain Name System

DOD

Department of Defense

DOS

Denial of Service

DPN

Dedicated Private Network

DSL

Digital Subscriber Line

DSU

Data Service Unit / Digital Service Unit

DSSS

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

DTD

Document Type Definition

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment

DUN

Dial-Up Network

DVD

Digital Versatile Disk / Digital Video Disk

DVMRP

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

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E

EAP

Extensible Authentication Protocol

EBT

Electronic Benefits Transfer

ECMAScript

European Computer Manufacturers Association Scripting

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange

EFS

Encrypting File System

EGP

Exterior Gateway Protocol

EMI

ElectroMagnetic Interference

EPS

Encapsulated PostScript

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning

ESD

Electrostatic Discharge

EULA

End-User License Agreement

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F

FAT

File Allocation Table

FDDI

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

FDM

Frequency Division Multiplexing

FHSS

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

FM

Frequency Modulation

FQDN

Fully Qualified Domain Name

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

FTPd

File Transfer Protocol Daemon

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G

G2B

Government to Business

G2C

Government to Consumer

GBIC

Gigabit Interface Converter

GIF

Graphics Interchange Format

GPO

Group Policy Object

GUI

Graphical User Interface

GSNW

Gateway Services for NetWare

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H

HDLC

High-Level Data Link Control

HDML

Handheld Device Markup Language

HDSL

High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line

HP

Hewlett-Packard

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTPd

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Daemon

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

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I

IAB

Internet Architecture Board

IANA

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

IBM

International Business Machines

ICA

Independent Computer Architecture

ICANN

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

ICS

Internet Connection Sharing

IE

Internet Explorer

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

IGMP

Internet Group Multicast Protocol

IHL

Internet Header Length

IIS

Internet Information Server

IKE

Internet Key Exchange

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol

IMAP4

Internet Message Access Protocol version 4

INI (file)

Initialization File

INND

Internet News Daemon

IOTP

Internet Open Trading Protocol

IP

Internet Protocol

IPP

Internet Printing Protocol

IPSec

Internet Protocol Security

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4

IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6

IPX

Internetwork Packet Exchange

IPX/SPX

Internetwork Packet Exchange / Sequence Packet Exchange

IRC

Internet Relay Chat

IRQ

Interrupt Request

IRTF

Internet Research Task Force

ISA

Industry Standard Architecture

ISAPI

Internet Server Application Programming Interface

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ISM

Industrial, Scientific, and Medical

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

ISP

Internet Service Provider

IT

Information Technology

ITSP

Internet Telephony Service Provider

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

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J

JDBC

Java Database Connectivity

JPEG

Joint Photographics Experts Group

JSAPI

Java Speech API

JSML

Java Speech Markup Language

JSP

Java Server Pages

JVM

Java Virtual Machine

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K

Kbps

Kilobits per second

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L

L2F

Layer 2 Forwarding

L2TP

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol

LAN

Local Area Network

LC

Local Connector

LCP

Link Control Protocol

LDAP

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

LLC

Logical Link Control

LPD

Line Printer Daemon

LPQ

Line Printer Queue

LPR

Line Printer Remote

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M

MAC

Media Access Control / Medium Access Control

MAPI

Message Application Programming Interface

MAU

Multistation Access Unit

MD5

Message Digest 5

MDI

Media Dependent Interface

MDIX

Media Dependent Interface Crossover

MIB

Management Information Base

MIDI

Musical Instrument Digital Interface

MIME

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension

MMF

MultiMode Fiber

MPEG

Moving Picture Experts Group

MSAU

MultiStation Access Unit

MX

Mail Exchange

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N

NADN

Nearest Active Downstream Neighbor

NAP

Network Access Point

NAT

Network Address Translation

NAUN

Nearest Active Upstream Neighbor

NCP

NetWare Core Protocol

NCSA

National Center for Supercomputing Applications

NES

Netscape Enterprise Server

NDS

Novell Directory Services / NetWare Directory Services

NetBEUI

NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface

NetBIOS

Network Basic Input Output System

NFS

Network File System

NIC

Network Interface Card

NIS

Network Information Service

NLM

NetWare Loadable Modulue

NLSP

NetWare Link Services Protocol

NNTP

Network News Transfer Protocol

NOS

Network Operating System

NT

New Technology

NT1

Network Terminator 1

NTFS

New Technology File System

NTP

Network Time Protocol

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O

OBI

Open Buying on the Internet

ODBC

Open Database Connectivity

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer

OLAP

Online Analytical Processing

OLTP

Online Transition Processing

OODB

Object-Oriented Database

ORB

Object Request Broker

OS

Operating Systems

OSI

Open Systems Interconnect

OSPF

Open Shortest Path First

OTDR

Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

OTP

Open Trading Protocol

OU

Organizational Unit

OUI

Organizationally Unique Identifier

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P

PAD

Packet Assembler/Disassembler

PAP

Password Authentication Protocol

PBX

Private Branch Exchange

PC

Personal Computer

PCI

Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCMC

IA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

PERL

Practical Extraction and Report Language

PDC

Primary Domain Controller

PDF

Portable Document Format

PDL

Page Description Language

PGP

Pretty Good Privacy

PHP

Hypertext Processing

PICS

Platform for Internet Content Selection

PKI

Public Key Infrastructure

PNG

Portable Network Graphics

POP

Post Office Protocol / Point of Presence

POP3

Post Office Protocol version 3

POTS

Plain Old Telephone Service

ppi

Pixels Per Inch

PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol

PPPoE

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet

PPTP

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

PRI

Primary Rate Interface

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network

PVC

Permanent Virtual Circuit

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Q

QoS

Quality of Service

QTVR

QuickTime Virtual Reality

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R

RADIUS

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

RAID

Redundant Array of Independent Disks / Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

RAM

Random Access Memory

RARP

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RAS

Remote Access Service

RDBMS

Relational Database Management System

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol

RFC

Request for Comment

RFI

Radio Frequency Interface

RG

Radio Grade

RIP

Routing Information Protocol

RISC

Reduced Instruction Set Computing

RJ

Registered Jack

RMF

Rich Music Format

RTF

Rich Text Format

RTP

Realtime Transport Protocol

RTSP

Real Time Streaming Protocol

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S

S/MIME

Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

SAM

Security Accounts Manager

SAPI

Speech Application Programming Interface

SC

Standard Connector / Subscriber Connector

SCP

Secure Copy Protocol

SCSI

Small Computer System Interface

SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDSL

Single Line Digital Subscriber Line

SET

Secure Electronic Transaction

SFF

Small Form Factor

SFTP

Secure File Transfer Protocol

SGML

Standard Generalized Markup Language

SHA-1

Secure Hash Algorithm 1

SLIP

Serial Line Internet Protocol

SMAU

Smart Multistation Access Unit

SMB

Server Message Block

SMF

Single Mode Fiber

SMS

Storage Management Services

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

SOA

Start of Authority

SOHO

Small Office / Home Office

SONET

Synchronous Optical Network

SOP

Standard Operating Procedures

SPARC

Scalable Processor Architecture

SPS

Standby Power Supply

SPX

Sequence Packet Exchange

SQL

Structured Query Language

SSH

Secure Shell

SSI

Server Side Include

SSID

Service Set Identifier

SSL

Secure Sockets Layer

ST

Straight Tip

STP

Shielded Twisted Pair

SVC

Switched Virtual Circuit

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T

T1

T-Carrier Level 1

TA

Terminal Adapter

TCL

Terminal Control Language / Tool Command Language

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDM

Time Division Multiplexing

TDR

Time-Domain Reflectometer

TELNET

Terminal Emulation for Networks

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TIFF

Tagged Image File Format

TM

Trademark

TOS

Type of Service

TP

Transaction Processing

TTL

Time to Live

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U

UDP

User Datagram Protocol

UID

User ID

UNC

Universal Naming Convention

UPS

Uninterruptible Power Supply

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

USB

Universal Serial Bus

USPTO

United States Patent and Trademark Office

UTP

Unshielded Twisted Pair

UUCP

Unix to Unix Copy

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V

VAN

Value Added Network

VB

Visual Basic

VBI

Vertical Banking Interval

VDSL

Very High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line

VLAN

Virtual LAN

VoIP

Voice Over IP

VPN

Virtual Private Network

VRML

Virtual Reality Modeling Language

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W

W3

World Wide Web

W3C

World Wide Web Consortium

WAN

Wide Area Network

WAP

Wireless Access Point / Wireless Application Protocol

WAV

Wave File

WEP

Wired Equivalent Privacy

WINS

Windows Internet Naming Service

WinSock

Windows Socket

WMA

Windows Media Audio

WML

Wireless Markup Language

WPA

Wi-Fi Protected Access

VRML

Virtual Reality Modeling Language

WSH

Windows Script Host

WTS

Windows Terminal Server

WWW

World Wide Web

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X

XHTML

Extensible TyperText Markup Language

XML

Extensible Markup Language

XMS

Extended Memory Services

XSL

Extensible Style Language

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Y

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Z

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