Circuit Idea/Bistable Mode of Current Inversion NIC
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
<<< contents - bistable VNIC - linear INIC - linear VNIC - negative impedance - page stage >>>
Investigating the Bistable Mode of Negative Impedance Converters with Current Inversion
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bistable_inic_0b_1000.jpg/300px-Bistable_inic_0b_1000.jpg)
INIC operating in bistable mode is a current-driven N-shaped true negative resistor.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bistable_inic_1a_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_1a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 1a: A hysteresis IV curve of current-driven INIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bistable_inic_1b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_1b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 1b: An N-shaped IV curve of voltage-driven INIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bistable_inic_2a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_2a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 2a: Scanning the left bottom part (0 - 1) of the curve.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bistable_inic_2b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_2b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 2b: Sinking a current from INIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bistable_inic_3a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_3a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 3a: Investigating the point 1 of the curve.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bistable_inic_3b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_3b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 3b: Sinking no current from INIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bistable_inic_4a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_4a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 4a: Scanning the left top part (1 - 2) of the curve.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bistable_inic_4b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_4b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 4b: Injecting a current to INIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bistable_inic_5-1a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_5-1a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 5-1a: Investigating the starting point of the voltage jump.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bistable_inic_5-1b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_5-1b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 5-1b: Making the op-amp "jump" to the positive rail.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bistable_inic_5-2a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_5-2a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 5-2a: Scanning the top jumping path (2 - 3).
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bistable_inic_5-2b_new2_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_5-2b_new2_1000.jpg)
Fig. 5-2b: The op-amp "jumps" to the positive rail.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bistable_inic_5-3a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_5-3a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 5-3a: Investigating the final point of the voltage jump upward.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bistable_inic_5-3b_new2_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_5-3b_new2_1000.jpg)
Fig. 5-3b: The op-amp "calms down" at the positive rail.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bistable_inic_6a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_6a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 6a: Scanning the right top part (3 - 4) of the curve.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Bistable_inic_6b_new3_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_6b_new3_1000.jpg)
Fig. 6b: Injecting a big current to INIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bistable_inic_7a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_7a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 7a: Scanning the right top part (4 - 5) of the curve.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bistable_inic_7b_new2_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_7b_new2_1000.jpg)
Fig. 7b: Injecting a current to INIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bistable_inic_8a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_8a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 8a: Investigating the point 5 of the curve.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bistable_inic_8b_new_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_8b_new_1000.jpg)
Fig. 8b: Injecting no current to VNIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bistable_inic_9a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_9a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 9a: Scanning the right bottom part (5 - 6) of the curve.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bistable_inic_9b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_9b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 9b: Sinking a current from INIC.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bistable_inic_10-1a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_10-1a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 10-1a: Investigating the starting point of the voltage jump.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bistable_inic_10-1b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_10-1b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 10-1b: Making the op-amp "jump" to the negative rail.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bistable_inic_10-2a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_10-2a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 10-2a: Scanning the bottom jumping path (6 - 7).
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bistable_inic_10-2b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_10-2b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 10-2b: The op-amp "jumps" to the negative rail.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bistable_inic_10-3a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_10-3a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 10-3a: Investigating the final point of the voltage jump downward.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bistable_inic_10-3b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_10-3b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 10-3b: The op-amp "calms down" at the negative rail.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bistable_inic_11a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_11a_1000.jpg)
Fig. 11a: Scanning the left bottom part (7 - 0) of the curve.
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bistable_inic_11b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_11b_1000.jpg)
Fig. 11b: Siniking a big current from INIC.
<<< top - contents - bistable VNIC - linear INIC - linear VNIC - negative impedance - page stage >>>
Circuit idea: Making the positive feedback dominate over the negative one.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bistable_inic_0b_1000.jpg/300px-Bistable_inic_0b_1000.jpg)
Introduction
[edit | edit source]What a current inversion NIC to operate in bistable mode means
[edit | edit source]How to investigate the bistable mode of current inversion NIC
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bistable_inic_1a_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_1a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bistable_inic_1b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_1b_1000.jpg)
Investigating the circuit at ideal driving conditions
[edit | edit source]Increasing the input current
[edit | edit source]Negative input current, negative output voltage
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bistable_inic_2a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_2a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bistable_inic_2b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_2b_1000.jpg)
Zero input current, negative output voltage
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bistable_inic_3a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_3a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bistable_inic_3b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_3b_1000.jpg)
Positive input current, negative output voltage
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bistable_inic_4a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_4a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bistable_inic_4b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_4b_1000.jpg)
Voltage jump upward
[edit | edit source]...start...
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bistable_inic_5-1a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_5-1a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bistable_inic_5-1b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_5-1b_1000.jpg)
...middle...
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bistable_inic_5-2a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_5-2a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bistable_inic_5-2b_new2_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_5-2b_new2_1000.jpg)
...final
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bistable_inic_5-3a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_5-3a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bistable_inic_5-3b_new2_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_5-3b_new2_1000.jpg)
Positive input current, positive output voltage
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bistable_inic_6a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_6a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Bistable_inic_6b_new3_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_6b_new3_1000.jpg)
Decreasing the input current
[edit | edit source]Positive input current, positive output voltage
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bistable_inic_7a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_7a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bistable_inic_7b_new2_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_7b_new2_1000.jpg)
Zero input current, positive output voltage
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bistable_inic_8a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_8a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bistable_inic_8b_new_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_8b_new_1000.jpg)
Negative input current, positive output voltage
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bistable_inic_9a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_9a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bistable_inic_9b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_9b_1000.jpg)
Voltage jump downward
[edit | edit source]...start...
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bistable_inic_10-1a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_10-1a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bistable_inic_10-1b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_10-1b_1000.jpg)
...middle...
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bistable_inic_10-2a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_10-2a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bistable_inic_10-2b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_10-2b_1000.jpg)
...final
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bistable_inic_10-3a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_10-3a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bistable_inic_10-3b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_10-3b_1000.jpg)
Negative input current, negative output voltage
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bistable_inic_11a_1000.jpg/380px-Bistable_inic_11a_1000.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bistable_inic_11b_1000.jpg/375px-Bistable_inic_11b_1000.jpg)
Investigating the circuit at real driving conditions
[edit | edit source]How to make INIC operate in bistable mode
[edit | edit source]What is the relation with the non-inverting comparator with hysteresis?
[edit | edit source]See also
[edit | edit source]Revealing the mystery of negative impedance
Investigating the linear mode of negative impedance converters with current inversion
Negative impedance converter from Wikipedia considers NIC with current inversion (INIC).
References
[edit | edit source]