Conlang/Advanced/Grammar/Noun-Verb distinction
Although there are no natlangs known to lack the noun-verb distinction, it is still a theoretical possibility for a language to lack such a distinction, as shown by the language Kēlen, which lacks verbs and replaces them with four relationals which function in a similar manner to adpositions. Another language without a noun-verb distinction is Ithkuil, which has a part of speech called the formative that can act as both a noun and a verb
Another possible method of destroying the distinction would be to create a verb class similar to the present participle that would be able to act as a modifier to another verb, essentially creating a long chain of complicated verbs referencing a noun without said noun actually appearing. The noun would instead be substituted by a verb participle as the patient/actor. One consequence of this would be that the language would also lack adjectives, them having been completely replaced by adverbs. Here is one possible example:
- humaningly sitting falls from blocking
- Be.human+adv to.sit+substantiatve-mood to.fall+PRES from to.block+substantiatve-mood
This, however, only blurs the boundary slightly, as it can be argued that the new adverbs are simply an eccentric class of nouns.
A few conlangers have attempted to build a language with only one part of speech.
In particular, the AllNoun project developed a grammar composed entirely of nouns (plus 4 punctuation symbols, which is fewer than the number of punctuation symbols in most languages).[1]
Other conlangers have attempted to eliminate all nouns. One approach is to replace nouns with a series of adjectives that modify a pronoun, similar to the way Toki Pona expresses the noun "soldier" with "jan utala" (literally "fighting person") from jan (person) utala (fight) or the proper noun "Lisa" with "jan Lisa" (literally "Lisa person").
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Tom Breton. "AllNoun: Grammar with only one part of speech." 1995.