Czech/Nouns/Case/Instrumental

Instrumental Case in Czech (7th)

Instrumental case is used to mark the instrument, after some prepositions (such as s "with") or with some verbs.

Declension

Number	Gender	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
sg	Ma	doktorem	lekařem	kolegou
	Mi	hradem	čajem
	F	kávou	kanceláří	radostí
	N	autem	letištěm	nadaražím
pl	Ma	doktory	lekaři	kolegy
	Mi	hrady	čaji
	F	kávami	kancelářemi	radostmi
	N	auty	letišti	nadaražími

• Group 1:
  • M: nouns whose nom/sg end in a consonant without haček (doktor/hrad)
  • F: nouns ending in -a
  • N: nouns ending in -o
• Group 2 (soft ending):
  • M: nouns ending in a consonant with haček, -e,/ě -c, -j, -tel
• Group 3:
  • M: nouns whose nom/sg end in -a
  • F: nouns ending in -st
  • N: nouns ending in -í

Uses

Used a a tool or means of transport

1. Jeli jsme autem – We went by car
2. Jedli nožem – They ate with a knife

After certain verbs

1. Stal jsem se studentem – I became a student

Prepositions

s – with (e.g. s tebou – with you)

1. mluvím s doktorem – I talk with my doctor

za – behind, beyond, after (place), in/after (time);

1. stát za rohem – to stand behind the corner\
2. kdo za tím je? – who's behind (it)?/what's the meritum?
3. za horizontem – beyond the horizon

před – in front of (place); before; ago; from; against

1. přímo před tebou – right in front of you
2. před mnoha lety – many years ago
3. uniknout před pronásledovateli – to escape from pursuers
4. varovat před ním – to warn against him)

pod – under(neath), below (place)

1. pod stolem spí pes – a dog is sleeping under the table

nad – over, above (place)

mezi – between, among (place)

1. mezi póly – between poles
2. mezi kuřaty – among chicken