Goals

Introduce language used at holidays and gatherings
Begin Present Tense
Advance production for simple present tense phrases.

Introduction

For this unit, we will focus on the theme of holidays and celebrations.
To begin practicing, read the following three sentences, and try to identify their corresponding
English phrase. Try to find matching translations!

Warm Up Activity


Español		Inglés
A La casa es pequeña.		1 The boy celebrates.
B Las amigas preparar la cena.		2The house is small.
C El niño celebra.		3The friends prepare the dinner.

Part 1: Articles and Nouns

In Part 1 we will discuss articles and nouns, as they relate to holidays and celebrations.
Before we move into more complicated grammar components, starting off with a general
understanding of how masculine and feminine structures work in Spanish will give a great basis.

Part 1: Lesson

Add more information here about what this section covers
Articles in Spanish are classified in two sets of categories.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.


Number	Spanish	English	Example

Singular	La	The	La casa es roja.
Singular	Una	A	Tengo una amiga.
Plural	Las	The	Las niñas juegan.
Plural	Unas * (slang for some)	A (plural) * Some*	Unas casas son rojas, otras son verdes.


Number	Spanish	English	Example

Singular	El	The	El apartamento es grande.
Singular	Un	A	Tengo un amigo.
Plural	Los	The	Los niños hablan.
Plural	Unos	A (slang for some)*	Unos apartamentos son grandes, otros pequeños.

These are nouns that relate to our topic of Family Traditions.
Here, we include words that relate to parties, holidays and events, as well as different types of celebrations.

General Vocabulary
Español	Inglés
comida	food
familia	family
amigo	friend
cena	dinner
casa	house
apartamento	apartment
hogar	home
restaurante	restaurant
fiesta	party

Holiday Types
Español	Inglés
Navidad	Christmas
Kwanzaa	Kwanzaa
Hanukkah	Hanukkah
Día de los Muertos	Day of the Dead
Solsticio de Invierno	Winter Solstice
Diwali (Festival de las luces)	Diwali (Festival of lights)
Pascua	Easter
Año Nuevo	New Years
Día de Independencia	Independence Day

Student Activity Check Point Part 1

Teacher Activity Guide Part 1

Part 2: Subject Pronouns and Infinitive Verbs

In Part 2, we will gain familiarity with subject pronouns.
In this section, we will gain a solid familiarity of pronouns and infinitive verbs separately
before we combine these ideas to begin work on creating short sentences.

Part 2: Lesson

Subject Pronouns

Classes of gender and number also exist within subject pronouns.
These two sections, gender and number, determine how nouns are treated within a sentence.
In Spanish, it is common for subject pronouns to be omitted, as they are incorporated as part of a verb conjugation.
We will begin verb conjugations next.

Persona	Person
Español	Inglés
Yo	I
Tú	You
Él	He
Ella	She
Nosotros	We
Ellos	They
Ellas	They (females)

Infinitive Verbs: Family Tradition

There are three broad categories of verb-types in Spanish:
Verbs that end in ...

-AR*
-ER*
-IR*

Infinitive Verb List


Regular Verbs
Español	Inglés
preparar	to prepare
invitar	to invite
cocinar	to cook
viajar	to travel
celebrar	to celebrate
decorar	to decorate
deber	should
comer	to eat
vivir	to live
escribir	to write
leer	to read


Irregular Verbs
Español	Inglés
ir	to go
venir	to come
tener	to have
salir	to go out / to leave
querer	to want
ser	to be (permanent)
estar	to be (temporary)

Student Check Point Part 2

Teacher Activity Guide Part 2

Part 3: Verb Conjugations

In this section we will learn about how subject pronouns are associated with particular verb endings in Spanish
Here, we will begin making short phrases by combining subjects and verbs in a single word.

Part 3: Lesson

The general formula for creating verb conjugations is to replace the infinitive verb ending (-ar/-er/-ir) with the appropriate ending of the subject.

Although there are three verb-ending categories, -er and -ir verbs tend to share most of the conjugation endings.

Conjugated Verbs:Present Tense

Subject - Verb Ending Conjugations

In Spanish, verbs are conjugated depending on the subject they are associated with, as well as the tense.
For now, we will focus on Present Simple Tense
Each subject pronoun is associated with a particular verb-ending type.


Persona	Verb ends in:
Español	Inglés
Yo : I	-o
Tú : You	-as / -es
Él : He	-a / -e
Ella: She	-a / -e
Nosotros: We	-amos / -emos
Ellos / Ellas: They	-an / -en

Regular Verbs table

Regular Verbs: Present Tense

These tables show how verbs change based on the subject pronouns used in the sentence. The ending of the verb is typically dropped, and the corresponding subject pronoun ending is added.

-Ar Verbs Table

-AR Verbs

Subject Pronoun	Verb Ending	Infinitive Verb	Conjugated Verb	Example - Spanish	Example - Translation
Yo	-o	celebrar	celebro	Yo celebro a la fiesta.	I celebrate at the party.
Tú	-as	invitar	invitas	Tú invitas a tú amigo.	You invite your friend.
Él	-a	preparar	prepara	Él prepara la comida.	He prepares the food.
Ella	-a	cocinar	cocina	Ella cocina la cena.	She cooks the dinner.
Nosotros	-amos	viajar	viajamos	Viajamos a Florida cada Navidad.	We travel to Florida every Christmas.
Ellos / Ellas	-an	decorar	decoran	Ellos no decoran el árbol.	They don't decorate the tree.

ER/IR Verbs Table

-ER / -IR Verbs

Subject Pronoun	Verb Ending	Infinitive Verb	Conjugated Verb	Example - Spanish	Example - Translation
Yo	-o	comer	como	Yo como la cena.	I eat the dinner.
Tú	-es	escribir	escribes	Tú escribes una carta.	You write a card.
Él	-e	leer	lee	Él lee la carta.	He reads the card.
Ella	-e	vivir	vive	Ella vive en Nueva York.	She lives in New York.
Nosotros	-imos / -emos	comer	comemos	Comemos juntos a la fiesta del Día de Independenia.	We eat together at the Independence Day party.
Nosotros	-imos / -emos	vivir	vivimos	Nostoros vivimos en Mexico.	We live in Mexico.
Ellos	-en	deber	deben	Ellos deben cocinar.	They should cook.

Student Check Point Part 3

Teacher Activity Guide Part 3