Estonian/Plural
In this lesson we'll learn about the Plural quantity, the Null subject and impersonal verbs.
Plural
[edit | edit source]| English | Nominative s. | Genitive s. | Accusative s. | Nominative pl. | Genitive pl. | Accusative pl. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| this | see | selle | seda | need | nende | neid | |
| cat | kass | kassi | .kassi | kassid | kasside | .kasse .kassisid | |
| dog | koer | koera | .koera | koerad | koerade koerte |
.koeri .koerasid | |
| newspaper | ajaleht | ajalehe | aja.lehte | ajalehed | aja.lehtede | aja.lehti aja.lehtesid | |
| cup | tass | tassi | .tassi | tassid | tasside | .tasse .tassisid | |
| mug | kruus | kruusi | .kruusi | kruusid | kruuside | .kruuse .kruusisid | |
| Adjectives | |||||||
| big | suur | suure | suurt | suured | suurte | .suuri .suuresid | |
| small | väike | väikse väikese |
väikest väikset |
väikesed väiksed |
väikeste väiksete |
väikseid väikeseid | |
| heavy difficult |
raske | raske | rasket | rasked | raskete | raskeid | |
| light easy |
kerge | kerge | kerget | kerged | kergete | kergeid | |
| enough sufficient |
.piisav | .piisava | .piisavat | .piisavad | .piisavate | .piisavaid | |
Plural direct object
[edit | edit source]In Partitive we learned that there are some verbs that distinguish between partial and whole direct objects like "võtma" - to take. In the whole case, these verbs took the Genitive instead of the Accusative. With plural direct objects, they will instead take the Nominative:
- Verb with distinction: Whole: ta võtab kruusi - ta võtab kruusid. Partitive: ta võtab .kruuse
- Verb without distinction: Whole: ta tahab seda - ta tahab neid. Partitive: ta tahab neid
Nouns
[edit | edit source]- raha (uncountable) - money
- töö - job, work
Adverbs
[edit | edit source]- ka - also, as well
- samuti - synonym of ka
- väga - very
- .liiga - too, excessively
- palju - many
- vähe - little, too little
- pisut - little
- veidi - synonym of pisut
- .liiga vähe - too little
- .liiga pisut - synonym of liiga vähe, but adopted from western European languages and might sound slightly foreign
- .piisavalt/.piisavasti - enough-adverbial. This is available in the two common adverb endings -lt and -sti
Verbs
[edit | edit source]- hoidma - hoia - to hold
- leidma - leia - to find
- üles leidma/leidma üles - üles leia/leia üles - whole of "leidma". "Üles" here is similar to "ära" in Partitive
- otsima - otsi - to look for/to search
- andma - anna - to give
Phrases
[edit | edit source]|
Ta otsib .kruuse Translation
He is looking for mugs Siin on .liiga palju koeri Translation
There are too many dogs here Ta annab piisavalt raha Translation
He gives enough money Sa teed seda liiga vähe Translation
You do this too little Ma tean, et see ajaleht on väga suur Translation
I know that this newspaper is very big Ka tema koer on liiga väike Translation
His/Her dog is too small too Ma pean iga tassi üles leidma Translation
I must find every cup Kas seda on piisavalt? Translation
Is there enough of this? Ta teeb väga kerget tööd Translation
He does a very simple job |