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Concepts/Calibration
Pre-experimental Calibration
[edit | edit source]In-situ measurements
[edit | edit source]Temperature
[edit | edit source]Pressure
[edit | edit source]Deviatoric stress
[edit | edit source]
Apparatus/Multi Anvil Presses
Introduction
[edit | edit source]History
[edit | edit source]Assembly Types
[edit | edit source]Much of the material below comes from Kawazoe, Takaaki. "Multianvil Apparatus".
First stage anvils
[edit | edit source]Kawai-type
[edit | edit source]In the Kawai-type multianvil apparatus (multianvil 6-8 system; Kawai and Endo, 1970), sample pressure is generated by successive compression: (1) Hydraulic ram(s) drive six first-stage anvils (via guide blocks). (2) The six first-stage anivls compress eight second-stage anvils. (3) The second-stage anvils compress an octahedral cell assembly.
Split-cylinder type
[edit | edit source]Walker-type
[edit | edit source](Walker et al., 1990)
Split-sphere type
[edit | edit source]6-ram
[edit | edit source]Oil reservoir
[edit | edit source](Kawai and Endo, 1970)
(D)-DIA-type
[edit | edit source](Ohtani et al., 1989)
(D)T-Cup-type
[edit | edit source]Cubic-type
[edit | edit source]Second stage anvils
[edit | edit source]Gaskets
[edit | edit source]Cell assembly
[edit | edit source]Pressure media
[edit | edit source]Heaters
[edit | edit source]Capsules
[edit | edit source]Thermocouples
[edit | edit source]Common Designs
[edit | edit source]25/18
[edit | edit source]18/11
[edit | edit source]14/8
[edit | edit source]10/5
[edit | edit source]7/3
[edit | edit source]Cell Preparation
[edit | edit source]
Starting materials
Preparing starting mixes
[edit | edit source]Synthetic compounds
[edit | edit source]| Component (mostly oxides) | Added as | Motivation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Na2O | Na2CO3 | Oxide hygroscopic | -- |
| CaO | CaCO3 | Oxide hygroscopic | -- |
| K2O | K2CO3 | Oxide hygroscopic | -- |
| FeO | Fe2O3 | Oxide non-stoichiometric | -- |
| MgO | MgO / Mg2SiO4 | Oxide hygroscopic | -- |
| Al2O3 | Al2O3 | Fire at 1000 C before weighing | -- |
| Cr2O3 | Cr2O3 | Fire at 1000 C before weighing | -- |
| SiO2 | SiO2 | Fire at 1000 C before weighing | -- |
| P2O5 | Ca3(PO4)2 | Very hygroscopic | -- |
| CO2 | Carbonates (see above) | Heat gently before weighing. MgCO3 should be natural magnesite, as excess water is impossible to drive off the structure. | -- |
| H2O | Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, PtO2.4H2O | Liquid water difficult to weigh | -- |
Decarbonation
[edit | edit source]- Put powders into a crucible
- Place in 1 atm furnace at room temperature
- Heat slowly (over at least two hours to avoid spitting during decarbonation) to around 200 K above decarbonation temperature.
Gas mixing
[edit | edit source]Pelletisation
Gas mixing with H2-CO or CO-CO2. Make sure there is >20 mol% of both gases to ensure good control of fO2.
Sol-gel
[edit | edit source]Starting form
[edit | edit source]Glasses
[edit | edit source]Crystalline powder
[edit | edit source]