Flora of New York/Poaceae 4

← Poaceae 3	Flora of New York — Poales : Poaceae : Pooideae : Poeae				→ Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Tribe Poeae R.Br. (1814) worldwide contains 2776 species in 118 genera. Soreng et al. (1990) identified two plastid clades: Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type) and Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type).^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Tribe Poeae, Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type)

Subtribe Torreyochloinae

Subtribe Torreyochloinae Soreng (2003) contains Amphibromus, and Torreyochloa.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Torreyochloa

Torreyochloa (false mannagrass) has also been treated as a section of Puccinellia (alkali grass). Torreyochloa can be distinguished from similar wetland species of Glyceria and Puccinellia by Torreyochloa's open leaf sheaths, 3-veined upper glumes, and conspicuous veins on its lemmas.^[1]

↑ Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wildflower Society. (2011). New England Wildflower Society's flora Novae Angliae: A manual for the identification of native and naturalized higher vascular plants of New England. Framingham, Mass.: New England Wild Flower Society. p. 285.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Torreyochloinae — Torreyochloa
Genus Torreyochloa	False manna grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Dore 1906. Glyceria pallidavar. fernaldii 1917. Glyceria fernaldii (Hitchc.) H.St.John 1949. T. fernaldii (Hitchc.) G.L.Church 1964. T. pallidavar. fernaldii 1966. Puccinellia fernaldii (Hitchc.) E.G.Voss	Fernald's false mannagrass Glycérie de Fernald	Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G. L. Church var. pallida 1819. Windsoria pallida Torr. 1829. Uralepis pallida (Torr.) Kunth 1836. Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin. 1891. Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze 1949. T. pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church 1952. Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) R.T.Clausen	Pale false mannagrass, Pale mannagrass Glycérie pâle	Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Aveninae

Subtribe Aveninae J. Presl (1830) contains Arrhenatherum, Avellinia, Avena, Gaudinia, Graphephorum, Helictotrichon, Koeleria, Lagurus, Leptophyllochloa, Peyritschia, Rostraria, Sphenopholis, Trisetaria, Tricholemma, and Trisetum.^[1] Genera in bold text have been found in New York.

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Sphenopholis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Sphenopholis
Genus Sphenopholis Scribn.	Wedge scale	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. 1909. Sphenopholis intermedia Rydb	Slender wedge grass, Slender wedgescale	Native, CoC: 6, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. (1906)	Shiny wedge grass, Shiny wedgescale	Native, CoC: 8, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. (1906)	Prairie wedgegrass, Prairie wedgescale	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc. 1753. Avena pennsylvanica L. 1817. Trisetum pensylvanicum in… 1823. Arrhenatherum pensylvanicum in… 1915. Sphenopholis pennsylvanica in…	Swamp oats ⓘ Swamp wedgescale ⓘ	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Sphenopholis (excluded taxa)	Wedge scale	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sphenopholis × pallens Sphenopholis obtusata × Sphenopholis pensylvanica		Native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis intermedia × nitida Sphenopholis intermedia × Sphenopholis nitida		Native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Trisetum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Trisetum
Genus Trisetum	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Trisetum spicatum (L.) K.Richt.	Narrow false oats, Spike trisetum	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Avena flavescens 1805. Trisetum pratense Pers. 1812. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1816. Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg.	Yellow oatgrass, Yellow oat grass, Golden oat grass Avoine dorée, Avoine jaunâtre	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XW ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Graphephorum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Graphephorum
Genus Graphephorum	False oat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Graphephorum melicoides (Michx.) Desv. 1803. Aira melicoides Michx. 1810. Graphephorum melicoides in… 1818. Poa melicoides (Michx.) Nutt. 1884. Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Scribn.	Melic oats ⓘ Purple false oats ⓘ False melic ⓘ Trisèe fausse-mélique ⓘ	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Koeleria

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Koeleria
Genus Koeleria	June grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. 1753. Aira cristata L. 1812. Aira macrantha Ledeb. 1824. K. macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. auct. K. cristata non Pers. (i) auct. K. pyramidata non (Lam.) P. Beauv.	Junegrass, Prairie Junegrass	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Koeleria (excluded taxa)	June grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv. 1791. Poa pyramidata Lam. 1812. K. pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv.	Misapplied to American Junegrass	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Arrhenatherum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Arrhenatherum
Genus Arrhenatherum	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. elatius	Tall oatgrass	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Arrhenatherum (excluded taxa)	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & G.Martens 1799. Avena bulbosa Willd. 1825. Arrh. elatiusvar. bulbosum 1834. Arrh. elatiusssp. bulbosum	Tall oatgrass	Introduced, No specimens		NYFA: D	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Avena

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Avena
Genus Avena	Oat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Avena fatua L. Avena fatua L. Avena hybrida	Wild oat	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Unknown naturalization, IPA		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Avena sativa L. Avena sativa L. Avena byzantina Avena fatua var. sativa	Common oat, Cultivated oat	Introduced, Not naturalized, IPA		NYFA: X	USDA-XW Images Wikispecies

Rostraria

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Rostraria
Genus Rostraria	Hair grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev Festuca cristata (L.) Tzvelev Koeleria gerardii Koeleria phleoides	Mediterranean hairgrass	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Phalaridinae

Subtribe Phalaridinae Fr. (1835) contains only the genus Phalaris.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Phalaris

Two canary grasses, Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) and Phalaris canariensis (annual canary grass) are common in New York.

The New York Flora Atlas (2021) lists Phalaris arundinacea as native to New York because native genotypes of the grass once occurred in the state. But the Atlas states that the native genotypes are either extirpated or very rare, referring to Jakubowski et al. (2012 & 2014)^[1] and Nelson et al. (2014).^[2]

Although the New York Flora Atlas only lists Phalaris arundinacea var. picta as a synonym of Phalaris arundinacea, the Catalogue of New World Grasses (2003) lists both P. arundinacea var. arundinacea and P. arundinacea var picta as valid taxa.^[3] Because the ornamental var. picta is readily identifiable by its striped leaves, it's doubtful that it has naturalized in New York without being reported. However, it is believed that hardy European races of var. arundinacea have been introduced at various times since early European settlement and have probably hybridized with American races. So, the Phalaris arundinacea species may be considered invasive in New York.^[4]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Phalaris
Genus Phalaris	Canary grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea 1753. Phalaris arundinacea L. 1969. Phalaroides arundinacea Rauschert	Reed canary grass Reed canarygrass Alpiste roseau	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS: 78%^[1], USGS: L48 not listed, SNR, G5, CP-3^[2], Highly invasive^[3] FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun		NYFA: 5 GBIF	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. picta L. 1753. P. arundinaceavar. picta L. 1852. Phalaris picta (L.) Sloboda 1969. Phalaroides arundinaceassp. japonica	Ornamental canary grass, Ribbon grass, Gardener's gaiters Alpiste ruban, Ruban de la vierge	Introduced, Potentially invasive FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun		NYFA: 0	USDA-0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Phalaris canariensis L. 1753. Phalaris canariensis L. 1794. Phalaris ovata Moench 1796. Phalaris avicularis Salisb.	Annual canary grass, Common canary grass, Seed canary grass, Birdseed grass	Introduced from Europe, Canary Isands FACU Annual, Graminoid		30 counties NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phalaris arundinacea: Highly invasive (78). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Although Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea is native to much of North America, its Eurasian ecotype has been widely planted and become a problem in North America.

Subtribe Anthoxanthinae

Subtribe Anthoxanthinae A. Gray (1856) contains only Anthoxanthum.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Anthoxanthum

Anthoxanthum is known variously as sweetgrass, vernalgrass, vanillagrass, or holygrass. The merging of the genus Hierochloe into Anthoxanthum by Schouten and Veldkamp (1985) may be cause for confusion between the native Anthoxanthum nitens (formerly Hierochloe odorata) and the Eurasian Anthoxanthum odoratum. These are two distinct species, and A. nitens appears never to have been considered a sub-taxon of A. odoratum.

Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe

The grasses of Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe are generally known as sweetgrass. Because A. hirtum and A. nitens were previously included together under Hierochloe odorata, the county-level distribution shown here for these two species is likely incorrect. The A. hirtum map is based on the BONAP map, while the A. nitens is based on the NYFA map as of 10-Nov-2016.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Anthoxanthinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe
Genus Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe	Sweet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp ssp. nitens 1753. Holcus odoratus L. 1787. Poa nitens Weber 1806. Ho. borealis Schrad. (i) 1812. Hierochloe odorata (L.) P.Beauv. 1817. Hi. borealis (Schrad.) Roem. & Schult. (i) 1898. Savastana nashii E.P.Bicknell 1914. Hi. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) Kaczmarek 1915. Torresia odorata (L.) Hitchc. 1921. T. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) House 1985. Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp	Vanilla sweet grass, Vanilla sweetgrass, Common sweetgrass, Vanilla grass, Holy grass, Manna grass, Seneca grass Hiérochloé odorante, Hiérochloé odorant, Avoine odorante, Foin d'odeur, Herbe sainte, Houlque boréale	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1789. Savastana hirta Schrank 1830. Hierochloe arctica J.Presl 1900. H. hirta (Schrank) Borbas 1930. H. odoratavar. annulata 1971. H. hirtassp. arctica 1973. H. odoratassp. hirta 1976. H. odoratassp. arctica 1979. H. hirtavar. annulata 1985. Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1996. A. hirtumssp. arcticum ^[1]	Hairy sweetgrass, Hairy sweet grass, Northern sweetgrass, Northern sweet grass Hiérochloé hérissée	Native, CoC: 2, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: U	USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp ssp. monticola 1816. Holcus monticola Bigelow 1817. Dimesia monticola (Bigelow) Raf. 1954. Hierochloe orthantha T.J.Sørensen 1962. Hi. alpinavar. orthantha 1964. Hi. monticola (Bigelow) Á.Löve & D.Löve (i) 1971. Hi. alpinassp. orthantha 1985. A. monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp 1996. A. monticolassp. orthanthum 2012. A. monticolassp. monticola	Alpine sweetgrass Hiérochloé des montagnes	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007). ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL.

Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum

The Old-World Anthoxanthum species found in New York often go by the name vernal grass and appear to be more widespread in the state than the native sweetgrass.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Anthoxanthinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum
Genus Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum	Vernal grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1753. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1823. A. villosum Dumort. 1873. A. odoratumvar. villosum 1880. Xanthonanthos odoratum (L.) St.-Lag.	Sweet vernal grass, Sweet vernalgrass, Large sweet grass, Large sweet vernalgrass, Scented vernal grass Flouve odorante, Foin d'odeur	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: Xn	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag. var. aristatum (Boiss.) Pérez Lara 1842. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. 1848. A. puelii Lecoq & Lamotte 1854. A. odoratumvar. puelii 1854. A. odoratumvar. aristatum 1886. A. ovatumvar. aristatum	Vernal grass, Annual vernalgrass, Small sweet vernal grass Flouve aristée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not Naturalized Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Brizinae

Subtribe Brizinae Tzvelev (1968) Airopsis and Briza.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Briza

Quakinggrass (Briza).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Brizinae — Briza
Genus Briza	Quakinggrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Briza maxima L.	Big quakinggrass, Large quaking grass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Briza media L.	Perennial quaking grass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XW Images Wikispecies
Genus Briza (excluded taxa)	Quakinggrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Briza minor L.	Little quakinggrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Echinopogoninae

Subtribe Echinopogoninae Soreng (2017) contains Ancistragrostis, Dichelachne, Echinopogon, Pentapogon, Relchela,^[1] and Greeneochloa.^[2]

Greeneochloa

Greeneochloa P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá (2019) was segregated from Calamagrostis based on phylogenetic and morphological differences. It contains type species Greeneochloa coarctata (syn. Calamagrostis coarctata Eaton), which is present in New York State.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Echinopogoninae — Greeneochloa
Genus Greeneochloa	Reedgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Greeneochloa coarctata P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá auct. Calamagrostis cinnoides W.P.C.Barton (i) 1823. Arundo coarctata Torr. 1829. Calamagrostis coarctata (Torr.) Eaton 2019. Greeneochloa coarctata in…	Small reedgrass, Arctic reedgrass, Nuttall's reedgrass	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure OBL		NYFA: 4?	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Agrostidinae

Subtribe Agrostidinae Fr. (1835) contains about 604 species in 16 genera: Agrostis, Ammophila, Ancistragrostis, Bromidium, Calamagrostis, Chaetopogon, Dichelachne, Echinopogon, Hypseochloa, Gastridium, Lachnagrostis, Limnodea, Pentapogon, Podagrostis, Polypogon, and Triplachne.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Agrostis

Bentgrass or simply bent (Agrostis)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Agrostis
Genus Agrostis	Bentgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agrostis scabra Willd. 1797. Agrostis scabra Willd. 1813. Trichodium scabrum (Willd.) Muhl. 1824. Agrostis geminata Trin. 1843. Agrostis scabra var. tenuis Tuck. 1843. Agrostis laxiflora var. scabra (Willd.) Torr. 1921. Agrostis peckii House 1942. Agrostis scabra var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen 1948. Agrostis hyemalis var. scabra (Willd.) H.L. Blomq. 1952. Agrostis hyemalis var. tenuis (Tuck.) Gleason	Northern tickle grass ⓘ Rough bentgrass ⓘ Agrostide scabre ⓘ	Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1788. Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter 1888. Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) in… 1888. Agrostis hiemalis orth. var. 1898. Agrostis canina var. hyemalis (Walter) Kuntze 1908. Agrostis antecedens E.P.Bicknell	Southern tickle grass ⓘ Southern hair grass Winter bent grass ⓘ Hair grass ⓘ Tickle grass ⓘ Agrostide d'hiver ⓘ	Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck. A. altissima (Walter) Tuck. A. perennans (Walter) Tuck.	Autumn bent, Upland bent, Upland bentgrass	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis mertensii Trin. (1836) A. borealis Hartm. (1843)	Northern bent, Northern bentgrass, Arctic bentgrass Agrostide de Mertens	Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: 2^[1] FACU Perennial, Graminoid		Essex NYFA: 2	Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis canina L. A. caninavar. varians	Velvet bent, Velvet bentgrass Agrostide des chiens	Introduced, N. America native UPL-FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-NW Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis capillaris L. 1753. Agrostis capillaris L. 1794. Agrostis tenuis Sibth. 1796. Agrostis vulgaris With. 1855. Agrostis alba var. vulgaris (With.) Coss. & Durieu Agrostis stricta Agrostis sylvatica	Rhode Island bent, Rhode Island bentgrass, Colonial bent, Colonial bentgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [1], Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis stolonifera L. (1753) auct. A. alba non L. A. maritima Lam. A. palustris Huds.	Creeping bent, Creeping bentgrass	Introduced, Moderately invasive, N. America native FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X5	USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis gigantea Roth 1788. Agrostis gigantea Roth 1796. Agrostis nigra With. 1825. Agrostis alba var. aristata Spenn. 1834. Agrostis stolonifera ssp. gigantea (Roth) Schübl. & G. Martens 1835. Agrostis stolonifera var. gigantea (Roth) Bréb.	Redtop, Red-top, Black bentgrass	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[2]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Agrostis (excluded taxa)	Bentgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agrostis vinealis Schreb. 1771. Agrostis vinealis Schreb.	Brown bentgrass	Introduced from Alaska, Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-00 Images Wikispecies
Agrostis mertensii × scabra Agrostis mertensii × Agrostis scabra	Hybrid of northern bent & northern tickle-grass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Agrostis canina × capillaris Agrostis canina × Agrostis capillaris	Hybrid of velvet bent & Rhode Island bent	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Agrostis gigantea × stolonifera Agrostis gigantea × Agrostis stolonifera	Hybrid of red-top & creeping bent	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Agrostis capillaris × gigantea Agrostis capillaris × Agrostis gigantea	Hybrid of Rhode Island bent & red-top	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Agrostis mertensii ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Agrostis.gigantea: M 68 (all).

Calamagrostis

Jeffery M. Saarela et al. (2017) showed that two species of Ammophila are nested within separate clades in Calamagrostis s.s., making both Ammophila and Calamagrostis polyphyletic. Merging Ammophila into Calamagrostis was the solution.^[1]

Molecular and morphological studies have shown that native eastern North American beechgrass comprises a number of lineages with overlapping characteristics that may be best treated as a single species:^[2]

Coastal populations (A. breviligulata):
- Northern Atlantic coast,
- Southern Atlantic coast,
Interior populations (A. champlainensis):
- Lake Champlain & St. Lawrence River, and
- Great Lakes.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Calamagrostis
Genus Calamagrostis	Reedgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. canadensis 1812. Calamagrostis canadensis in… 1878. Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis autonym 1878. Calamagrostis canadensis var. robusta Vasey	Canada bluejoint grass, Bluejoint, Blue-joint reedgrass	Native, CoC: 7, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. langsdorfii	Bluejoint	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1 county NYFA: 1?	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Calamagrostis breviligulata (Fernald) Saarela 1920. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald 1966. A. champlainensis F. Seym. 2006. A. breviligulata ssp. champlainensis (F. Seym.) P.J. Walker, C.A. Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth 2017. Calamagrostis breviligulata in… 2017. C. breviligulata ssp. champlainensis (F. Seym.) Saarela	Beech grass ⓘ American beachgrass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis pickeringii A.Gray	Pickering's reedgrass, Pickering's reed bent-grass	Native, Rare		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. inexpansa Calamagrostis hyperborea Calamagrostis inexpansa Calamagrostis lacustris	Northern reedgrass	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. stricta Calamagrostis neglecta	Slim-stemmed small-reedgrass	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]		NYFA: 1	Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis porteri A.Gray ssp. porteri	Porter's reedgrass	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[3]		NYFA: 1-2	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis perplexa	Wood reed grass	Native, Endangered, Endemic to NY, NYNHP: 1^[4]		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth 1753. Arundo epigejos L. 1788. Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth 1825. Agrostis epigeios (L.) Raspail 1852. Calamagrostis epigeios var. georgica (K. Koch) Griseb. (i)	Feathertop ⓘ Chee reedgrass ⓘ Bushgrass ⓘ Calamagrostide épigéois ⓘ Calamagrostide commune ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, Africa, Highly invasive, Naturalized, SNA, G5		NYFA: 10 counties iNat: 2 counties NYFA: X iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) lists C. canadensis var. langsdorfii as a synonym of C. canadensis. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis stricta. Endangered, S1/Gx. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for porteri. Endangered, S1S2/G4T4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis perplexa. Endangered, S1/G1.

Polypogon

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Polypogon
Genus Polypogon	Rabbitsfoot grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Polypogon interruptus Kunth (1816)	Ditch beard grass, Ditch rabbitsfoot grass, Ditch polypogon	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. 1753. Alopecurus monspeliensis L. 1798. P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf.	Annual rabbit's-foot grass, Annual beard grass, Rabbit's-foot polypogon	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalization unknown		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Poeae, Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type)

Subtribe Sesleriinae

Subtribe Sesleriinae Parl. (1845) contains 37 species in 5 genera: Mibora, Echinaria, Oreochloa, Sesleria, and Sesleriella.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Mibora

Mibora species previously listed have now been excluded from the New York Flora.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Sesleriinae — Mibora
Genus Mibora (excluded taxa)	Sand grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mibora minima (L.) Desv. Mibora minima (L.) Desv.	Early sandgrass, Early sand grass	Introduced, Impersistent, Waif Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: EXCLUDED	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Coleanthinae

Subtribe Coleanthinae Rouy (1913) contains Catabrosa, Catabrosella, Coleanthus, Colpodium, Hyalopoa, Paracolpodium, Phippsia, Puccinellia, Sclerochloa, and Zingeria.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Puccinellia

The Puccinellia (alkali grass) species are similar in appearance to the wetland genera Glyceria and Torreyochloa, however, alkali grass is adaptable to saline areas.^[1]

↑ Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wildflower Society. (2011). New England Wildflower Society's flora Novae Angliae: A manual for the identification of native and naturalized higher vascular plants of New England. Framingham, Mass.: New England Wild Flower Society. p. 277.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Puccinellia
Genus Puccinellia Parl.	Alkali grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.	European alkaligrass, Weeping alkaligrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) E.P. Bicknell	Saltmarsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh goosegrass	Introduced OBL		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fernald & Weath.	Stiff alkaligrass, British alkaligrass, Goosegrass	Introduced Annual, Graminoid		NYFA:	USDA-X Images Wikispecies
Genus Puccinellia (excluded taxa)	Alkali grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Puccinellia nutkaensis (J. Presl) Fernald & Weath.	Nootka alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schult.) Hitchc.	Nuttall's alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. langeanassp. alaskana P. pauperculavar. alaskana P. tenellassp. alaskana	Alaska goose grass, Tundra alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia maritima	Seaside alkaligrass, Seaside speargrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Sclerochloa

Hardgrass (Sclerochloa P. Beauv.)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Sclerochloa
Genus Sclerochloa	Hardgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Cynosurus durus L. 1812. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv.	Fairground grass, Common hardgrass, Hard meadowgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Wool mill waif, GMW^[1]		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Grass Manual on the Web and USDA-NRCS seem to contradict about the North American nativity of Sclerochloa dura.

Subtribe Miliinae

Subtribe Miliinae Dumort. (1829) contains about 5 species in 1 geneus: Milium.^[1]^[2]

Milium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Miliinae — Milium
Genus Milium	Millet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Milium effusum L. var. cisatlanticum Fernald 1950. M. effusumvar. cisatlanticum 2010. M. effusumssp. cisatlanticum	American milletgrass, Tall millet-grass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Genus Milium (excluded taxa)	Millet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Milium effusum L. var. effusum 1753. Milium effusum L. 1783. Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam. 1794. Miliarium effusa (L.) Moench. 1796. Melica effusa (L.) Salisb. 1808. Decandolia effusa (L.) Bastard	Millet grass, Wood millet	Introduced, N.Y. excluded FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA- ARS-GRIN NWG Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Airinae

Subtribe Airinae Caro (1982) contains about 41 species in 7 genera: Aira, Antinoria, Avenella, Corynephorus, Helictochloa, Molineriella, and Periballia.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Avenella

Hairgrass (Avenella Bluff ex Drejer) contains the native Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drej., which is occasionally still listed as Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. by some sources.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Avenella
Genus Avenella	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1753. Aira flexuosa L. 1811. Arundo flexuosa (L.) Clairv. 1823. Avena flexuosa (L.) Mert. & Koch (i) 1836. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. 1838. Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1852. Deschampsia flexuosa var. montana (L.) A. & D.Löve 1866. Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Schur	Common hair grass, Wavy hair grass, Crinkled hair grass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5 GBIF	USDA-NN WFO Kew WCSP POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Aira

Hairgrass

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Aira
Genus Aira	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aira praecox L. 1753. Aira praecox L. 1796. Agrostis praecox (L.) Salisb. 1824. Trisetum praecox (L.) Dumort. 1913. Aspris praecox (L.) Nash	Early hairgrass, Yellow hairgrass, Spike hairgrass, Early silver hairgrass, Small hairgrass	Introduced, USGS: L48 established, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Graminioid		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Aira caryophyllea L. var. caryophyllea 1753. Aira caryophyllea L. 1780. Avena caryophyllea (L.) Weber 1796. Agrostis caryophyllea (L.) Salisb. 1866. Fussia caryophyllea (L.) Schur 1913. Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash	Silver hairgrass, Silvery hairgrass, Common silver hairgrass Canche caryophyllée, Aira caryophyllé	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [2], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Aira (excluded taxa)	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aira caryophyllea L. var. capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bluff & Fingerh. 1798. Aira capillaris Savi 1823. Avena capillaris Mert. & W.D.J.Koch 1836. Aira caryophylleavar. capillaris Bluff & Fingerh. 1853. Aira elegantissima Schur auct. Aira elegans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.	Delicate hairgrass, Annual silver hairgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, No specimens, GMW			USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Corynephorus

Clubawn grass

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Corynephorus
Genus Corynephorus	Clubawn grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Aira canescens L. 1780. Avena canescens (L.) Weber 1796. Agrostis canescens (L.) Salisb. 1812. Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1821. Aira variegata St.Amans	Gray clubawn grass, Gray hairgrass	Introduced from Europe, Morocco, Naturalized, USGS: L48 established, SNA, GNR Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XN Kew WCSP POWO Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Aristaveninae

Subtribe Aristaveninae F.Albers & Butzin (1977) contains only Deschampsia with about 51 species worldwide. Soreng et al. (2015) tentatively placed Deschampsia in subtribe Holcinae,^[1] but Soreng et al. (2017) moved it to its own subtribe Aristaveninae.^[2]

Deschampsia

Hairgrass (Deschampsia)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aristaveninae — Deschampsia
Genus Deschampsia P.Beauv.	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. ssp. cespitosa 1753. Aira cespitosa L. 1796. Agrostis caespitosa (L.) Salisb. 1812. D. caespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. 1846. D. cespitosa ssp. glauca (Hartm.) Hartm. 1861. D. cespitosa var. parviflora (Thuill.) Coss. & Germ. 1918. D. cespitosa var. glauca (Hartm.) Lindm. 1940. D. anadyrensis V.N.Vassil.	Tufted hairgrass, Small-flowered ticklegrass, Tussock grass Deschampsie cespiteuse, Canche cespiteuse, Canche gazonnante	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NM Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro 1830. Aira danthonioides Trin. 1830. D. calycina J. Presl 1857. D. danthonioides (Trin.) Munro	Annual hairgrass	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized FACW Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Holcinae

Subtribe Holcinae Dumort. (1868) contains about 11 species in 2 genera: Holcus and Vahlodea. Soreng et al. (2015) tentatively placed Deschampsia in subtribe Holcinae,^[1] but Soreng et al. (2017) moved it to its own subtribe Aristaveninae.^[2]

Vahlodea

Mountain hair grass (Vahlodea atropurpurea) is a circumboreal grass that is probably extirpated from New York State.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Holcinae — Vahlodea
Genus Vahlodea	Hair grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1812. Aira atropurpurea Wahlenb. 1822. Avena atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Link 1826. Holcus atropurpureus (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. 1843. Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1844. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele 1937. Vahlodea latifolia (Hook.) Hultén	Mountain hair grass, Mountain hairgrass, Arctic hair grass, Arctic hairgrass Deschampsie pourpre	Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent FACW, Graminoid		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Holcus

Velvet grass or soft grass (Holcus) contains two non-native grasses found in New York State.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Holcus
Genus Holcus	Velvetgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Holcus lanatus L. 1753. Holcus lanatus L. 1787. Aira holcus-lanata Vill. 1802. Avena lanata (L.) Koeler 1817. Holcus argenteus C. Agardh ex Roem. & Schult. 1912. Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. 1916. Ginannia lanata (L.) F.T.Hubb.	Common velvetgrass, Fog grass Holoque laineuse	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Holcus mollis L. ssp. mollis 1759. Holcus mollis L. 1771. Aira mollis (L.) Schreb. 1787. Aira holcus-mollis Vill. 1802. Avena mollis (L.) Koeler (i) 1901. Ginannia mollis (L.) Bubani 1915. Notholcus mollis (L.) Hitchc.	Creeping velvet grass ⓘ Creeping soft grass ⓘ Creeping fog ⓘ Houlque molle	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Cynosurinae

Subtribe Cynosurinae Fr. (1835) contains 10 species in the genus Cynosurus.^[1]^[2]

Cynosurus

Dogtail grass (Cynosurus) contains two non-native grasses occasionally found in New York.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Cynosurinae
Genus Cynosurus	Dogstail grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cynosurus cristatus L.	Crested dog's tail, Crested dogtail grass Crêtelle à crêtes	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Cynosurus echinatus L.	Bristly dogtail grass, Rough dog's tail	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Dactylidinae

Subtribe Dactylidinae Stapf (1898) contains 2 species in 2 genera: Dactylis and Lamarckia.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Dactylis

Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) is a very common naturalized grass from Eurasia. It is commonly planted for grazing or for hay, but it can become quite weedy and is listed as a restricted noxious weed in states immediately south of New York (PA, NJ, MD, DE, and VA).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Dactylidinae — Dactylis
Genus Dactylis	Orchard grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dactylis glomerata L. 1753. Dactylis glomerata L. 1771. Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop. 1785. Festuca glomerata (L.) All. 1817. Limnetis glomerata (L.) Eaton 1828. D. glomeratavar. detonsa 1838. D. glomeratavar. ciliata 1906. D. glomeratassp. lobata 1911. D. glomeratassp. aschersoniana	Orchard grass, Orchardgrass, Cock's foot, Cock's foot grass	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: Xn	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Loliinae

Subtribe Loliinae Dumort. (1829) contains about 700 species in 9 genera: Castellia, Drymochloa, Festuca, Leucopoa, Lolium, Megalachne, Patzkea, Podophorus, and Pseudobromus.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Festuca

Fescue (Festuca L. 1753)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Festuca
Genus Festuca	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E. B. Alexeev 1805. Poa subverticillata Pers. 1807. Festuca obtusa Biehler 1980. Festuca subverticillata in…	Nodding fescue	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Festuca saximontana var. saximontana	Mountain fescue, Sheep fescue, Rocky Mountain fescue	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) R.P. Murray 1882. F. ovina var. trachyphylla Hack 1895. Festuca trachyphylla in… auct. Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) W.D.J.Koch auct. Festuca longifolia non Thuill. 1930. Festuca trachyphylla in… 1977. Festuca brevipila R.Tracey	Fétuque dressée, Fétuque à feuilles scabres, Hard fescue, Sheep Fescue	Introduced from Europe, Naturalized UPL Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Festuca filiformis Pourr. Festuca capillata Lam. Festuca ovinassp. tenuifolia Festuca ovinavar. capillata Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.	Hair fescue, Fineleaf sheep fescue, Fine-leaved sheep fescue	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 60%^[2] Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Festuca heterophylla F. rubra var. heterophylla	Various-leaved fescue	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald	Red fescue, Prolific fescue	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin 1786. Festuca nigrescens Lam. 1788. Festuca heteromalla Pourr. 1799. Festuca fallax Thuill. 1828. F. rubrassp. commutata 1881. F. rubravar. fallax 1882. F. rubrassp. fallax	Chewing's fescue, Varioushair fescue	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Festuca (excluded taxa)	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Festuca brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1823. F. brevifolia R.Br. non Muhl. 1827. F. brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1871. F. ovinavar. brevifolia 1906. F. ovinavar. brachyphylla	Alpine fescue, Rock fescue	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Festuca ovina F. ovina var. hispidula	Sheep fescue	Introduced, Synonym		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Festuca saximontana var. saximontana . Endangered, S1/G5T5. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Festuca filiformis: Moderate (60).

Vulpia

Recent souces, including Soreng et al. (2015) and the New York Flora Atlas (2021) place Vulpia species within Festuca, while many other sources continue to treat them as separate species.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Vulpia
Genus Vulpia	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald 1797. Festuca tenella Willd. 1812. Schedonorus tenellus in… 1840. Vulpia tenella (Willd.) Heynh. 1862. Festuca gracilenta Buckley 1932. Festuca octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald 1932. Festuca octoflora var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald 1945. Vulpia octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald 1945. Vulpia octoflora var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald	Northern six-weeks fescue ⓘ Eight-flowered six-weeks grass ⓘ Slender 8-flowered fescue ⓘ	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Festuca megalura Festuca myuros 1805. Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Vulpia megalura	Annual fescue, Rat's-tail six-weeks grass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Vulpia (excluded taxa)	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X NPT
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray 1753. Festuca bromoides L. 1785. Bromus dertonensis 1821. Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray 1901. Festuca dertonensis in… 1904. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Gola 1905. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Volkart 1956. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Parodi	Brome fescue, Brome six-weeks grass	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Lolium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Lolium
Genus Lolium	Rye grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lolium multiflorum Lam.	Italian ryegrass, Ivraie multiflore, Ray-grass d'Italie	Introduced, GMW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium perenne L.	Ivraie vivace, Perennial ryegrass, Ray-grass anglais	Introduced, GMW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss. (1854) Lolium dorei B. Boivin	Ivraie de Perse, Persian darnel, Persian ryegrass	Introduced, Impersistent, GMW		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium temulentum L. ssp. temulentum	Darnel, Darnel ryegrass, Ivraie enivrante	Introduced, GMW		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Schedonorus

Because the Festuca subgenus Schedonorus seems to be more similar to Lolium than to the rest of Festuca, some sources now treat it as its own genus while others now treat it as a subgenus of Lolium.^[1]

↑ Stephen J. Darbyshire (1993). "Realignment of Festuca subg. Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae)". Novon. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 3 (3): 239–243. JSTOR 3391460.
• Stephen J. Darbyshire. "Schedonorus treatment". Grass Manual on the Web (updated 2009).
• "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Current Standing: accepted
• "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA-ARS. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Probable synonym of: Festuca L. … placed by some in Lolium L.
• "Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh". Catalogue of New World Grasses. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Schedonorus
Genus Schedonorus	Fescue, ryegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. auct. Festuca elatior non L. (1753) 1762. Festuca pratensis Huds. 1812. Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. 1993. Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.	Tall rye grass, Meadow rye grass, Meadow fescue	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid		present in most counties NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1753. Festuca elatior L. nom. rej. 1771. Poa phoenix Scop. 1771. Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 1789. Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth 1857. Festuca elatiorvar. arundinacea 1867. Festuca elatiorssp. arundinacea 1824. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1993. Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh. 1998. S. phoenix (Scop.) Holub	Tall rye grass, Alta fescue, Tall fescue, Coarse fescue, Kentucky fescue, Reed fescue Fétuque élevée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 65%^[1] FACU		present in at least 20 counties NYFA: X iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub 1753. Bromus giganteus L. 1787. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. 1993. Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh. 1998. Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub	Giant rye grass, Giant fescue	Introduced, Unknown naturalization		Bronx, Westchester (1882) NYFA: Xu	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note: GMW
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Schedonorus arundinaceus: Moderate (65).

Subtribe Parapholiinae

Subtribe Parapholiinae Caro (1982) contains about 26 species in 8 genera: Agropyropsis, Catapodium, Cutandia, Desmazeria, Hainardia, Parapholis, Sphenopus, and Vulpiella.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Catapodium

Ferngrass (Catapodium rigidum) was collected from Monroe County but has not been reported to naturalize anywhere in the state.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Parapholiinae — Catapodium
Genus Catapodium	Fern grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. ssp. rigidum 1846. Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb. 1952. Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin 1953. Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb.	Ferngrass	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Alopecurinae

Subtribe Alopecurinae worldwide contains 3 genera with 47 species. According to Soreng et. al. (2015) the genera of Alopecurinae were included in subtribe Poinae.^[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.^[2]

Alopecurus

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Alopecurus
Genus Alopecurus	Foxtail	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis 1799. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. 1803. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. 1823. Alopecurus geniculatusvar. aristulatus 1925. Alopecurus aequalisssp. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalisvar. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalisvar. natans	Shortawn foxtail, Short-awn foxtail, Short-awned foxtail, Short foxtail, Little meadow foxtail, Water foxtail Vulpin à courtes arêtes	Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus carolinianus Walter	Tufted foxtail, Carolina foxtail, Carolina meadow foxtail	Introduced, N. America native, Weed Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus geniculatus L.	Meadow foxtail, Water foxtail, Floating foxtail, Marsh foxtail, Marsh meadow-foxtail, Knee-joint foxtail	Introduced from Eurasia, Weed FACW-OBL Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.	Slender meadow-foxtail Vulpin des champs	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus pratensis L.	Meadow foxtail, Field meadow-foxtail Vulpin des prés	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Beckmanniinae

According to Soreng et. al. (2014) Beckmanniinae should be included in subtribe Poinae.^[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.^[2]

Beckmannia

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Beckmannia
Genus Beckmannia	Sloughgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald	American sloughgrass	Introduced, N. America native			ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Phleinae

According to Soreng et. al. (2015) Phleinae should be included in subtribe Poinae.^[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.^[2]

Phleum

The genus Phleum contains several grasses commonly called timothy. In New York State, it consists almost entirely of common timothy (Phleum pratense), which probably grows in every county and is listed as moderately invasive.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phleinae — Phleum
Genus Phleum	Timothy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phleum pratense L. ssp. pratense 1753. Phleum pratense L. 1778. P. pratense var. nodosum (L.) Huds. 1821. P. nodosum var. pratense (L.) St.-Amans 1824. P. pratense ssp. nodosum (L.) Dumort. 1854. P. intermedium Jord. 1859. P. parnassicum Boiss. (i)	Common timothy ⓘ Meadow timothy Timothy ⓘ Meadow cat's-tail ⓘ Fléole des près ⓘ	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 64%^[1] FACU		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Phleum arenarium L.	Sand timothy	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Phleum paniculatum Huds. (1762) Phleum asperum (Retz.) Jacq.	British timothy	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phleum pratense: Moderate (64).

Subtribe Poinae

Subtribe Poinae Dumort. (1829) contains the genera Agrostopoa, Alopecurus, Aniselytron, Apera, Arctagrostis, Arctophila, Beckmannia, Bellardiochloa, Brizochloa(?), Cinna, Cornucopiae, Cyathopus, Dupontia, Dupontiopsis, Gaudiniopsis, Hookerochloa, Limnas, Nephelochloa, Nicoraepoa, Parvotrisetum, Phleum, Pholiurus, Poa, Pseudophleum, Rhizocephalus, Saxipoa, Simplicia, Sylvipoa, Ventenata.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Poa

Poa is the largest genus of grasses and contains over 500 species throughout temperate and boreal regions in both hemispheres. North American Poa species are generally known as bluegrass. The system used here for subgeneric Poa organization is based on Gillespie and Soreng (2005).^[1] The subgenera names use here are those proposed in Gillespie et al. (2007).^[2]

Poa subg. Arctopoa

Poa subg. Arctopoa Grisebach (1971) is here considered equivalent of the ArcSyl clade, made up of subg. Arctopa sections Arctopa and Aphydris, and previous subg. Poa sect. Sylvestris: ( Arctopoa + Sylvestres ). It is considered to be the basal clade of the genus Poa. Subgenus Arctopoa comprises five species in two sections found in seashore and interior wetland habitats of northern, cool temperate regions.

Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres
Genus Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa alsodes A.Gray 1856. Poa alsodes A.Gray	Grove blue grass ⓘ Grove bluegrass Grove meadow grass ⓘ	Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5, G4-5 FAC-FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand ssp. languida (A.S. Hitchc.) A. Haines Poa debilis Torr. Poa saltuensisssp. languida	Weak bluegrass, Woodland bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand ssp. saltuensis	Common weak bluegrass, Drooping bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Poa sylvestris A.Gray 1848. Poa sylvestris A.Gray	Woodland bluegrass, Forest bluegrass Pâturin des forêts	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa
Genus Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa arida Vasey 1893. Poa arida Vasey 1896. Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. 1899. Poa glaucifolia Scribn. & T.A. Williams	Plains bluegrass	Introduced from great plains, N. America native		Ontario (1981) NYFA: X	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Ochlopoa

Poa subg. Ochlopoa (Ascherson & Graebner) Hylander (1953) is here treated as equivalent to the BAPO clade, comprising previous subg. Poa sections: ( ( Bolbophorum + Alpinae ) ( Parodiochloa + Ochlopoa ) ).

Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) is the only annual species of Poa present outside of cultivation in New York State. It is listed in Randall 2012 as one of the most aggressive weeds invading areas in all continents from sea level up to 4000 ft. in elevation.^[1] It is the only alien plant having a successfully established population in maritime Antarctica.^[2]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae
Genus Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa annua L. 1753. Poa annua L. 1814. Aira pumila Pursh 1830. Poa aestivalis J. Presl 1891. Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn. 2003. Ochlopoa annua (L.) H. Scholz	Annual blue grass ⓘ Annual bluegrass Annual meadow grass Annual meadowgrass ⓘ Speargrass	Introduced from Eurasia, Widespread weed, Naturalized Annual, Graminoid		NYFA: X iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies
Genus (excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY /NPT
Poa chapmaniana Scribn. 1894. Poa chapmaniana Scribn.	Chapman bluegrass, Chapman's bluegrass	Introduced from southeast US, N. America native, Excluded Annual, Graminoid		excluded NYFA-Excluded iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae

Bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae
Genus Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang. 1799. Poa crispa Thuill. 1802. Poa bulbosa var. vivipara Koeler 1882. Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang. 1915. Paneion bulbosum var. viviparum (Koeler) Lunell 1955. Poa bulbosa f. vivipara (Koeler) Maire 1972. Poa bulbosa ssp. crispa (Thuill.) Tzvelev	Bulbous blue grass Bulbous bluegrass Viviparous bulbous bluegrass ⓘ Bulbous meadow-grass Pâturin vivipare ⓘ Pâturin bulbeux vivipare ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 49%^[1] Perennial, Graminoid		Albany, Bronx, Broome, Kings, Nassau, Queens, Saratoga, Suffolk, Tompkins, Westchester NYFA: Xn	USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus (excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY /NPT
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. bulbosa 1753. Poa bulbosa L. 1802. Poa bulbosa var. bulbosa 1882. Poa bulbosa ssp. bulbosa	Bulbous bluegrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid		excluded NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa bulbosa: Low (49).

Poa subg. Stenopoa

Poa subg. Stenopoa (Dumortier) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, Aliso (2006) is here considered to be equivalent to the SPOSTA clade, made up of members of sections:

( Secundae ( Pandemos ( Oreinos + Stenopoa + Tichopoa + Abbreviatae ) ) ).

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Stenopoa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Stenopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa palustris L. 1759. Poa palustris L.	Fowl bluegrass, Meadowgrass	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Poa glauca ssp. glauca	Glaucous bluegrass	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 2	Images Wikispecies
Poa interior Rydb.	Inland bluegrass	Native, No recent reports, Endangered		NYFA: 1	Images Wikispecies
Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Agrostis alba L. 1808. Poa glaucantha Schleich. ex Gaudin 1915. Agrestis alba (L.) Lunell 1915. Paneion nemorale (L.) Lunell	Woodland bluegrass, Woods bluegrass, Wood bluegrass	Introduced		NYFA: Xn	USDA-MM Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa (excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa laxa Haenke ssp. laxa	Mt. Washington bluegrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Poa glauca × laxa Haenke	Hybrid of gaucous bluegrass & Mt. Washington bluegrass	Native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Oreinos	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa laxa Haenke ssp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Hyl. 1935. Poa fernaldiana Nannf. 1953. Poa laxassp. fernaldiana Hyl. 1964. Poa flexuosassp. fernaldiana Á. Löve & D. Löve	Fernald's bluegrass	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]		Essex (1890-1990) NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Poa paludigena	Slender marsh bluegrass, Bog bluegrass	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana.

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos

Rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Pandemos	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa trivialis L. ssp. trivialis 1753. Poa trivialis L. 1854. Poa attica Boiss. & Heldr.	Rough bluegrass, Rough-sheathed bluegrass, Rough-stalk bluegrass, Rough-stalk meadow grass, Scribner bluegrass, Scribner's bluegrass	Introduced from Europe, Widespread weed, Naturalized, SNA, GNR FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Tichopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa compressa L. 1753. Poa compressa L.	Flat-stemmed blue grass ⓘ Canada blue grass ⓘ Canada bluegrass ⓘ Flattened meadow grass ⓘ Wiry bluegrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%^[1], CP-2^[2] FAC Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: Xn	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa compressa: Moderate (69). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

Poa subg. Poa

The Poa subgenus is here considered to be composed of the HAMBADD clade (supersect. Homalopoa) and the PoM clade (supersect. Poa).

Poa subg. Poa sect. Homalopoa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Poa
Genus Poa sect. Homalopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa cuspidata Poa brachyphylla	Early bluegrass	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5 Perennial, Graminoid		Monroe (2013), New York (1897), Richmond, Yates NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Poa chaixii Vill.	Chaiz bluegrass, Broadleaf bluegrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Poa sect. Poa

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is listed as invasive in New York State ^[1] North American sources treat Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia as a subspecies,^[2] European sources appear to have reverted to treating these two taxa a distinct species.^[3]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Poa
Genus Poa sect. Poa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa pratensis L. ssp. pratensis 1753. Poa pratensis L. 1800. Poa pratensis var. pratensis 1828. Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis 1915. Paneion pratense (L.) Lunell 1938. Poa peckii Chase	Common Kentucky bluegrass ⓘ Kentucky bluegrass ⓘ Smooth meadow grass ⓘ Smooth meadow-grass ⓘ Pâturin des prés ⓘ Wiesenrispengras ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, n.Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[1], SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X iNat GBIF	USDA-XX WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies
Poa angustifolia L. 1753. Poa angustifolia L. 1800. Poa pratensis var. angustifolia Sm. 1828. Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia (L) Lej. 1882. Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia (L.) Arcang.**	Narrow-leaved Kentucky blue grass ⓘ Narrow-leaf meadow grass ⓘ Schmalblättriges Rispengras ⓘ Smalgröe ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, Naturalized, SNA FACU Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: X iNat GBIF	USDA- WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa pratensis: Moderate (68).

Cinna

According to Soreng et. al. (2014)^[1] Cinna should be included in Poinae.

↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Cinna
Genus Cinna	Wood reed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cinna arundinacea L. 1753. Cinna arundinacea L.	Stout woodreed ⓘ Sweet woodreed ⓘ Sweet wood-reed ⓘ Wood reedgrass Wood-reed ⓘ	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. 1830. Agrostis latifolia Trevir. ex Göpp. 1832. Muhlenbergia pendula Trin. 1841. Cinna pendula Trin. 1852. Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. 1856. Cinna arundinacea var. pendula (Trin.) A. Gray	Drooping woodreed Drooping wood-reed ⓘ Slender wood reedgrass	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Apera

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Apera
Genus Apera	Silky bent	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. Agrostis interrupta Apera interrupta P.Beauv.	Dense silky bentgrass, Interrupted windgrass	Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, GNR		Delaware, Lewis NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Apera spica-venti	Silky bentgrass, Loose silkybent, Common windgrass	Introduced, Unk. naturalization, SNA, GNR		Bronx, New York, Rensselaer NYFA: Xun	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Ventenata

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Ventenata
Genus Ventenata Köhler (excluded taxa)	North Africa grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. 1775. Avena dubia Leers 1802. Ventenata avenacea Koeler 1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. 1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Durieu 1912. Heteranthus dubius (Leers) Thell.	North Africa grass	Introduced from eastern Europe, N.Y. excluded Annual, Graminoid		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

[1] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[2] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[3] Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wildflower Society. (2011). New England Wildflower Society's flora Novae Angliae: A manual for the identification of native and naturalized higher vascular plants of New England. Framingham, Mass.: New England Wild Flower Society. p. 285.

[4] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[5] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[6] Jakubowski, Andrew & Jackson, Randall & Casler, Michael. (2014). The History of Reed Canarygrass in North America: Persistence of Natives among Invading Eurasian Populations. Crop Science. 54. 210. 10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0342.

[7] Nelson, M.F., Anderson, N.O., Casler, M.D. et al. Population genetic structure of N. American and European Phalaris arundinacea L. as inferred from inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Biol Invasions 16, 353–363 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0525-9

[8] R.J. Soreng, (2003). "Phalaris." In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 479–488.

[MIAC8-9] Paul M. Catling, Gisèle Mitrow, and Liette Vasseur (2014) "Major Invasive Alien Plants of Canada. 8. Reed Canarygrass." The Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin Vol. 47 No.1. Mar. 2014.

[10] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phalaris arundinacea: Highly invasive (78).

[CP3-11] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

[12] Although Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea is native to much of North America, its Eurasian ecotype has been widely planted and become a problem in North America.

[13] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[14] When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007).

[15] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL.

[16] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

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