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Fractals/unroll

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Unrolling is an example of plane transformation

Examples

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circle

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  • unrolling the circumference of a unit circle o see how long it is[6]
  • "Unrolling these circles fills a triangle with base 2 π r and height r (where r is the radius of the filled disk). Such a triangle has area π r². This does not serve as a complete proof for why this is the area of a circle, but can give you some intuition for why it should be." Matthen[7]
Animation of the act of unrolling the circumference of a unit circle, a circle with radius of 1. Since C = 2πr, the circumference of a unit circle is .

Image magic:[8]

convert sun.jpg +distort DePolar 0 result.jpg

ellipse

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  • Rolling ellipses of different dimensions to measure their perimeters[9]

cardioid

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To unroll the cardioid do:

  • cardioid to circle transforamtion
  • unroll the circle[10]

history

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  • 1988 : Heinz-Otto Peitgen, Dietmar Saupe, Yuval Fisher, & 5 more in book "The Science of Fractal Images" : "A region along the cardioid is continuously blown up and stretched out, so that the respective segment of the cardioid becomes a line segment. ... Our blow-up factor is chosen accordingly to the result that all disks in Figure 4.22 have the same size."
  • Linas Vepstas 2000
  • Claude Heiland-Allen 2013


images

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algorithm

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2 steps of unrolling the main cardioid of Mandelbrot set : Moebius map and conformal map

This image is made using algorithm described by Claude Heiland-Allen[11]


The main idea here is choose 3 points on the base image (P0, P1, Pinf) which define a circle, and map them respectively to 0., 1., inf. ( Geoffroy Billotey) 


Figure 4.22 on pages 204-205 of the book titled : "The Science Of Fractal Images" by Heinz-Otto Peitgen[12] and D. Saupe has description:

A region along the cardioid is continuously blown up and stretched out, so that the respective segment of the cardioid becomes a line segment. ... Our blow-up factor is chosen accordingly to the result that all disks in Figure 4.22 have the same size.

transformation from line, thru half of the circle, to half of the cardioid

There are 3 complex planes :

  • k-plane ( where are lines) in Claude Heiland-Allen notation
  • w-plane ( where are circles)
  • c-plane ( for cardioid )

2 steps from k-plane to c-plane:

  • from k plane go to w plane using Moebius transformation fi
  • from w plane go to the c plane using conformal map gi


so :


Maxima CAS src code

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z(%i1) k:x+y*%i;
(%o1) %i*y+x
(%i2) fi(k):=(-%i-k)/(%i-k);
(%o2) fi(k):=−%i−k/%i−k
(%i3) gi(w):=w/2-w*w/4;
(%o3) gi(w):=w/2−(w*w)/4
(%i4) gfi(k):=gi(fi(k));
(%o4) gfi(k):=gi(fi(k))
(%i5) c:gfi(k)$

How to compute c from k without using CAS :

(%i6)  ratsimp(realpart(c));
(%o6) (y^4−4*y^3+(2*x^2+2)*y^2+(4−4*x^2)*y+x^4+6*x^2−3)/(4*y^4−16*y^3+(8*x^2+24)*y^2+(−16*x^2−16)*y+4*x^4+8*x^2+4)
(%i7) ratsimp(imagpart(c));
(%o7) −(2*x*y−2*x)/(y^4−4*y^3+(2*x^2+6)*y^2+(−4*x^2−4)*y+x^4+2*x^2+1)

Check the gfi function with some known values :

(%i8) gfi(0);
(%o8) −3/4
(%i12) gfi(%i/3);
(%o12) −2

Compare with

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See also

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References

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  1. motiontricks : unwrap-svg-circles-and-ellipses
  2. motiontricks : unroll-svg-circles-ellipses-and-spirals
  3. Rolling spirals by Valannorton
  4. mathematica.stackexchange question: unrolling-a-surface
  5. motiontricks : unfold-svg-shapes-and-lines
  6. blog.prepscholar : math-circles-geometry-formulas-and-strategies
  7. blog.matthen : unrolling-these-circles-fills-a-triangle-with-base
  8. stackoverflow question: converting-an-image-from-cartesian-to-polar-limb-darkening
  9. blog.matthen : tagged maths
  10. fractalforums.org : unrolled-or-uncurved-mandelbrot-main-left-circular-bulb
  11. stretching cusps by Claude Heiland-Allen
  12. wikipedia : Heinz-Otto Peitgen