French/Grammar/Tenses/Imperfect

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Imparfait in French

Usage of the Imperfect

The imperfect is used in French under several different circumstances. The imperfect is used:

• To refer to previously ongoing and repeated events that are now completely finished.

• To express an action that happened often in the past, such as a habit that one has grown out of. For example, "I used to eat a kiwi while watching the news." is in French, "Je mangeais un kiwi en regardant les informations."

• In describing the past, including things such as: time, location, weather, age, physical appearance, physical and emotional conditions or states, attitudes and desires and other mental experiences.

• Actions that occurred while something else was happening.

• To compare and contrast events in the present with events in the past.

• To talk about the emotions or abstract qualities of a person/thing in the past or to discuss an irritating quality or subject.

• To suggest or ask certain "forceful" questions such as, "Si on faisait une promenade?"

• When phrases like I used to do... and I would do... are used in English.

Formation of the Imperfect

Imperfect Stem

• For all verbs except for être, the imperfect stem is determined by removing the -ons from the nous form of the present indicative of the verb.
• Certain verbs (-cer and -ger verbs) are stem-changing in the nous form of the present indicative; these are stem-changing the imperfect also. The stem change that applies in the present indicative is retained when conjugating the je, tu, il, and ils forms of the imperfect. That stem change is reversed when conjugating the nous and vous forms of the imperfect.
• For être, the imperfect stem is ét-.

Imperfect Ending

• To conjugate in the imperfect, add the appropriate ending to the imperfect stem.

Subject	Ending
je	-ais
tu	-ais
il	-ait
nous	-ions
vous	-iez
ils	-aient

Examples

Aller

Subject	Ending
j'	allais
tu	allais
il	allait
nous	allions
vous	alliez
ils	allaient

Être

Subject	Ending
j'	étais
tu	étais
il	était
nous	étions
vous	étiez
ils	étaient

Exceptions

Manger

Subject	Ending
je	mangeais
tu	mangeais
il	mangeait
nous	mangions
vous	mangiez
ils	mangeaient

Commencer

Subject	Ending
je	commençais
tu	commençais
il	commençait
nous	commencions
vous	commenciez
ils	commençaient

Exercises

Translate the following sentences into English: -Je jouais au foot quand j'avais douze ans, mais maintenant je nage parfois. Quand j'avais douze ans j'étais en forme. Une fois, le douze décembre, je me suis cassé la jambe, et je ne jouais plus au foot. Quelle tristesse! -Quand j'avais dix ans, je mangeais beaucoup de frites.

Tenses and moods

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