French/Vocabulary/Dates, time, and numbers
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Days of the week
[edit | edit source]Vocabulary The days of the week · Les jours de la semaine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| French | Pronunciation | English | Origin |
| lundi | /lœ̃di/ (luh(n)-dee) | Monday | (Moon) |
| mardi | /maʁdi/ (mahr-dee) | Tuesday | (Mars) |
| mercredi | /mɛʁkʁədi/ (mehr-kruh-dee) | Wednesday | (Mercury) |
| jeudi | /ʒødi/ (zhew-dee) | Thursday | (Jupiter) |
| vendredi | /vɑ̃dʁədi/ (vah(n)-druh-dee) | Friday | (Venus) |
| samedi | /samdi/ (sahm-dee) | Saturday | (Saturn) |
| dimanche | /dimɑ̃ʃ/ (dee-mah(n)sh) | Sunday | (Dies Solis, Sun's day) |
- The days of the week are not capitalized in French.
- The calendar starts on Monday
- For phrases relating to the day of the week, see the phrasebook.
The Months of the Year
[edit | edit source]Vocabulary The months of the year · Les mois de l'année | ||
|---|---|---|
| French | Pron. | English |
| janvier | /ʒɑ̃vje/ (zhah(n)-vyay) | January |
| février | /fevʁije/ (fay-vree-yay) | February |
| mars | /maʁs/ (mahrs) | March |
| avril | /avʁil/ (ahv-reel) | April |
| mai | /mɛ/ (meh) | May |
| juin | /ʒɥɛ̃/ (zhoo-a(n)) | June |
| juillet | /ʒɥijɛ/ (zhwee-yeh) | July |
| août | /ut/, /u/ (oot/oo) | August |
| septembre | /sɛptɑ̃bʁ/ (sehp-tah(n)-br) | September |
| octobre | /ɔktɔbʁ/ (ohk-toh-br) | October |
| novembre | /nɔvɑ̃bʁ/ (noh-vah(n)-br) | November |
| décembre | /desɑ̃bʁ/ (day-sah(n)-br) | December |
- The months of the year are not capitalized in French.
- For phrases relating to the months of the year, see the phrasebook
The Seasons
[edit | edit source] Vocabulary
The Seasons
· Les Saisons | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| la saison | /la sɛ.zɔ̃/ (lah seh-zoh(n)) | season | |||
| le printemps |  /lə pʁɛ̃.tɑ̃/ (luh pra(n)-tah(n)) |
Spring | |||
| l'été (m) | /le.te/ (lay-tay) |
Summer | |||
| l'automne (m) | /lo.tɔn/ (loh-tohn) |
Autumn | |||
| l'hiver (m) | /li.vɛʁ/ (lee-vehr) |
Winter | |||
Les nombres (adjectifs numéraux cardinaux et ordinaux)
[edit | edit source]Vocabulary Numbers · Les nombres | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal Numbers 001-019 | Ordinal Numbers 001-010 | Cardinal Numbers 020 - 069 | ||||||||||
| # | French | Pron. | English | # | French | Pronunciation | Abbr. | English | # | French | Pronunciation | English |
| 000 | zéro | zairo | zero | 020 | vingt | vahn | twenty | |||||
| 001 | un | uhn | one | 1st | premier(ère) | prem me ay (air) | 1er | first | 021 | vingt et un | vahntay uhn | twenty-one |
| 002 | deux | deuh | two | 2nd | deuxième | deuhzee ehm | 2ième | second | Numbers twenty-two to twenty-nine are configured in the form of vingt-[02-09]. For example twenty-two is vingt-deux. | |||
| 003 | trois | trwah | three | 3rd | troisième | trawhzee ehm | 3ième | third | ||||
| 004 | quatre | catr | four | 4th | quatrième | catree ehm | 4ième | fourth | 030 | trente | trahnt | thirty |
| 005 | cinq | sank | five | 5th | cinquième | sankee ehm | 5ième | fifth | 031 | trente et un | trahntay uhn | thirty-one |
| 006 | six | seese | six | 6th | sixième | seesee ehm | 6ième | sixth | Numbers thirty-two to thirty-nine are configured in the form of trente-[02-09]. For example thirty-three is trente-trois. | |||
| 007 | sept | set | seven | 7th | septième | setee ehm | 7ième | seventh | ||||
| 008 | huit | weet | eight | 8th | huitième | weetee ehm | 8ième | eighth | 040 | quarante | cahrahnt | forty |
| 009 | neuf | neuhf | nine | 9th | neuvième | neuhvee ehm | 9ième | ninth | 041 | quarante et un | cahrahntay uhn | forty-one |
| 010 | dix | deese | ten | 10th | dixième | deezee ehm | 10ième | tenth | Numbers forty-two to forty-nine are configured in the form of quarante-[02-09]. For example forty-four is quarante-quatre. | |||
| 011 | onze | ohn | eleven | |||||||||
| 012 | douze | dooz | tweleve | 050 | cinquante | sankaunte | fifty | |||||
| 013 | treize | trehz | thirteen | 051 | cinquante et un | sankauntay uhn | fifty-one | |||||
| 014 | quatorze | catorz | fourteen | Numbers fifty-two to fifty-nine are configured in the form of cinquante-[02-09]. For example fifty-five is cinquante-cinq. | ||||||||
| 015 | quinze | canz | fifteen | |||||||||
| 016 | seize | sehz | sixteen | 060 | soixante | swahsahnt | sixty | |||||
| 017 | dix-sept | deeset | seventeen | 061 | soixante et un | swahsahntay uhn | sixty-one | |||||
| 018 | dix-huit | deezweet | eighteen | Numbers sixty-two to sixty-nine are configured in the form of soixante-[02-09]. For example sixty-six is soixante-six. | ||||||||
| 019 | dix-neuf | deeznuf | nineteen | |||||||||
- This pattern changes slightly after the sixties:
- Numbers seventy to seventy-nine are configured in the form of soixante-[10-19]. For example seventy is soixante-dix (60-10), seventy-three is soixante-treize (60-13), and seventy-seven is soixante-dix-sept (60-10-7).
- Number eighty is configured in the form of quatre-vingts (4 - 20's) || catr vahn || eighty
- Numbers eighty-one to ninety-nine are configured in the form of quatre-vingt-[01-19]. For example eighty-one is quatre-vingt-un (4*20-one), ninety is quatre-vingt-dix (4*20-10), and ninety-four is quatre-vingt-quatorze(4*20-14).
- une dizaine (one ten)
- une douzaine (one dozen)
| cent | 100 | une centaine (one hundred) |
| [deux - neuf] cents | 200-900 | |
| mille | 1.000 | un millier (one thousand) |
| (un) million | 1.000.000 | |
| (un) milliard | 1.000.000.000 | |
- The French commonly use '.' instead of ',' to separate thousands.
- For 70-79, it builds upon "soixante" but past that it builds upon a combination of terms for 80-99.
- Only the first (21,31,41,51,etc.) have "et un"; but past this it is simply both words consecutively (vingt-six, trente-trois, etc).
- For 100-199, it looks much like this list already save that "cent" is added before the rest of the number; this continues up to 1000 and onward.
The Time
[edit | edit source]Vocabulary The Time · L'heure | ||
|---|---|---|
| French | Pron. | English |
| l'heure (f) | ? | time, (one) hour, o'clock |
| une demi-heure | ? | half-hour (half an hour) |
| le matin | ? | morning |
| le midi | ? | noon |
| l'après-midi (m) | ? | afternoon |
| le soir | ? | night |
| le minuit | ? | midnight |
| la journée | ? | daytime |
- Use heure in between the hour and the minutes when telling the time, e.g., Il est cinq heures dix
- Note that there is no "a.m." or "p.m." in French. Use du matin, de l'après midi, and du soir to disambiguate a given time. "Il est sept heures du soir" makes it clear that it is 7 o'clock at night, and not in the morning. Alternatively, you could use the 24-hour system: "Il est dix-neuf heures" has no ambiguity; time is often expressed in this fashion, particularly in professional/commercial settings.
- Midi and minuit can be used without an article when telling the time: "Il est midi." (It is noon.)
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