General Chemistry/Reactions of Acids and Bases/Answers

	General Chemistry
Book Cover · Introduction · v • d • e
Units: Matter · Atomic Structure · Bonding · Reactions · Solutions · Phases of Matter · Equilibria · Kinetics · Thermodynamics · The Elements
Appendices: Periodic Table · Units · Constants · Equations · Reduction Potentials · Elements and their Properties

Answers to Reactions of Acids and Bases

${\hbox{HPO}}_{4}^{2-}+{\hbox{OH}}^{-}\to {\hbox{PO}}_{4}^{3-}+{\hbox{H}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}$	1. Equimolar solutions of sodium biphosphate and potassium hydroxide are mixed.
${\hbox{HPO}}_{4}^{2-}+{\hbox{H}}^{+}\to {\hbox{H}}_{2}{\hbox{PO}}_{4}^{-}$	2. Equimolar solutions of sodium biphosphate and hydrochloric acid are mixed.
${\hbox{SO}}_{2}+{\hbox{OH}}^{-}\to {\hbox{HSO}}_{3}^{-}$ ${\hbox{HSO}}_{3}^{-}+{\hbox{H}}^{+}\to {\hbox{H}}_{2}{\hbox{SO}}_{3}$	3. Excess sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled into a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide. Acid is then added.
${\hbox{Al}}^{3+}+3{\hbox{H}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}\to {\hbox{Al}}({\hbox{OH}})_{3}+3{\hbox{H}}^{+}$	4. Aluminum chloride is dissolved into water.
${\hbox{NaF}}+{\hbox{H}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}\to {\hbox{Na}}^{+}+{\hbox{OH}}^{-}+{\hbox{HF}}$ ${\hbox{H}}^{+}+{\hbox{OH}}^{-}\to {\hbox{H}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}$	5. Sodium fluoride is dissolved into water. Strong acid is then added.
${\hbox{SO}}_{3}+{\hbox{CaO}}\to {\hbox{CaSO}}_{4}$ Neutral. Ca²⁺ is the conjugate of a strong base and SO₄^2- is the conjugate of a strong acid.	6. Solid calcium oxide is exposed to a stream of sulfur trioxide gas. If the resulting compound is dissolved, will the solution be acidic, basic, or neutral?
${\hbox{HCl}}+{\hbox{Ag}}^{+}\to {\hbox{H}}^{+}+{\hbox{AgCl}}$ A cloudy precipitate forms, as silver chloride is not soluble.	7. Gaseous hydrogen chloride is bubbled into a solution of silver nitrate.
${\hbox{NH}}_{4}^{+}+{\hbox{OH}}^{-}\to {\hbox{NH}}_{3}+{\hbox{H}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}$ Gas bubbles form.	8. Ammonium chloride crystals are dissolved in water. Sodium hydroxide is then added.
${\hbox{HCO}}_{3}^{-}+{\hbox{Ca}}^{2+}+{\hbox{OH}}^{-}\to {\hbox{H}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}+{\hbox{CaCO}}_{3}$ A cloudy precipitate forms, as calcium carbonate is not soluble. Hint: The hydroxide reacts with the bicarbonate to form water, then the resulting carbonate reacts with calcium.	9. Calcium hydroxide crystals are dissolved into a solution of sodium bicarbonate.
${\ddot {\hbox{P}}}{\hbox{H}}_{3}+{\hbox{AlCl}}_{3}\to {\hbox{H}}_{3}{\hbox{P}}-{\hbox{AlCl}}_{3}$ They have formed a Lewis adduct. Aluminum chloride is a very strong Lewis acid. Phosphine is a Lewis base because there is a non-bonding pair of electrons on the P that can be donated.	10. Phosphine gas is sprayed onto pebbles of aluminum trichloride.