Gothic/Old
< Gothic
- Gothic/Phonology
- A|Stem
- Gothic/Neuter|A|Stem
- Gothic/Feminine|A|Stems
- Weak
- Gothic/Neuter|Weak
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Neuter Nouns
[edit | edit source]| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -zero | -a |
| Accusative | -zero | -a |
| Genitive | -is | -e |
| Dative | -a | -am |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | thata | tho |
| Accusative | thata | tho |
| Genitive | this | thize |
| Dative | thamma | thaim |
Feminine Nouns
[edit | edit source]| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -a | -os |
| Accusative | -a | -os |
| Genitive | -os | -o |
| Dative | -ai | -om |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | so | thos |
| Accusative | tho | thos |
| Genitive | thizo | thizos |
| Dative | thizai | thaim |
Examples
[edit | edit source]- Masculine A-Stems
- aiths: oath
- asts: twig
- bagms: tree (cf. German Baum, English "beam" (of wood))
- laufs: leaf (Gothic au frequently = English ea)
- maithms: gift
- stains: stone (ai=o)
- winds: wind
- Neuter A-Stems
Feminine A=Stems (so is the fem. definite article)
Weak Declensions
[edit | edit source]Weak nouns decline differently than strong nouns (hence the different name) and sometimes are more simple.
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -a | -ans |
| Accusative | -an | -ans |
| Genitive | -ins | -ane |
| Dative | -in | -am |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -o | -ona |
| Accusative | -o | -ona |
| Genitive | -ins | -ane |
| Dative | -in | -am |
Examples
[edit | edit source]- Masculine Weak
- sa atta: the father
- sa bloma: the flower (cf. "bloom")
- sa brunna: the well (in Old English this word became burna "stream", and is
still used in river names ending in -bourn
) - sa fula: the foal
- sa galga: the cross (cf. "gallows")
- sa garda: the yard, the fold
- sa Guta: the Goth
- sa Austraguta: the Ostrogoth
- sa hana: the rooster (cf. "hen", which comes from the feminine of this noun, which originally meant "the singer")
- sa magula: the little boy
- sa matha: the worm
- sa mena: the moon
- sa milhma: the cloud
- sa skuggwa: the mirror
- sa sparwa: the sparrow
- sa sunna: the sun
- sa unhultha: the demon
- Neuter Weak
- thata augadauro: the window
- thata auso: the ear
- thata barnilo: the little child
- thata hairto: the heart
- thata kaurno: the (single) grain
- thata sigljo: the seal (cf. Latin sigillum)
- thata thairko: the hole
But the Weak declensions are not all the same there exists a few irregulars. First the masculine irregulars:
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | manna | mans |
| Accusative | mannan | mans/manans |
| Genitive | mans | manne |
| Dative | mann | mannam |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | namo | namna |
| Accusative | namo | namna |
| Genitive | namins | namne |
| Dative | namin | namnam |
NEXT TO COME: FEMININE WEAK NOUNS, NEUTER AND FEMININE STRONG A-STEM VOCABULARY ALSO.