Handbook of Genetic Counseling/Achondroplasia-2
Achondroplasia
Confirm diagnosis
[edit | edit source]- Physical features
- disproportionate short stature, shortening of the proximal segment of the limbs, prominent forehead, shallow nasal bridge, flattened midface,
average size trunk, large head relative to the body size
- Radiographs
- contracted base of the skull, square pelvis shape with a small sacrosciatic notch, short pedicles of the vertebrae, rhizomelic (proximal) shortening of the long bones, trident hands, normal length trunk, proximal femoral radiolucency, chevron shape of the distal femoral epiphysis
Medical evaluation
[edit | edit source]- Measurements, proportions, and special growth charts
- height arm span and lower segment
- weight
- control eating habits to avoid obesity
- head circumference
- Infantile issues
- airway obstruction
- sleep apnea
- hydrocephalus
- MRI to determine ventricular size
- upper cord compression
- MRI of the foramen magnum
Orthopedic
[edit | edit source]- thoracolumbar kyphosis/lumbar lordosis
- truncal weakness
- bowing of the legs
- fibular overgrowth at the knees and ankles
- hip flexion contractures
- lumbosacral spinal stenosis
- orthodontics/crowded teeth
Neurological
[edit | edit source]- normal intelligence
- delayed motor milestones
- equal deep tendon reflexes
Hearing
[edit | edit source]- otitis media
- conductive hearing loss
- speech evaluation
Psychosocial assessment
[edit | edit source]- Family support
- family and friends' reactions
- support groups
- anticipatory guidance/learning from other families
Long-term planning
[edit | edit source]- behavior and development
- avoid gymnastics and contact sports
- socialization skills
- adaptation of the home
occupational therapy consultation
[edit | edit source]- schooling
- SSI benefits
Clinical treatments
[edit | edit source]- Growth hormone studies
- Limb-lengthening procedures
Notes
[edit | edit source]The information in this outline was last updated in 2002.