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ID Board Review/Bacterial Diseases/Gram-negative Rods (GNR)/Enterobacteriaceae/Shigella

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Histology

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  • Gram-negative bacilli in Enterobacteriaceae
  • Nonmotile, nonencapsulated
  • Doesn't ferment lactulose and lacks urease activity

Pathophysiology

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  • Low infectious inoculum
  • One of the most communicable forms of bacterial diarrhea w 80% of infections transmitted from person to person

Clinical Presentations

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  • Often in young/pediatric patients
  • Asymptomatic to severe dysentery
  • Often watery diarrhea, but bloody diarrhea is often
  • Can progress to HUS

Endemic Areas/Environments

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  • Daycares, often daycare attendance
  • International travel
  • STI among MSM
    • Concomitant HIV infection might modulate transmission

Diagnosis

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Differential Diagnoses

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Management

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