Lombard/Phonology of the Milanese dialect in the New Lombard Orthography

Grapheme	Phonology	Examples	Translation into English
a	/a/	articioch	artichoke
b	/b/ /p/ at the end of the word	basell goeub	step hunchbacked
c	/t͡ʃ/ before "e" or "i" or at the end of the word after consonant /k/ before "a", "o", "oeu", "u" or any consonant	ciciarada can	chat dog
ch	/k/ before e, i or at the end of the word	chichera	coffee cup
cc	/t͡ʃ/ at the end of the word rarely in the middle of the word for reasons of derivation	tucc muccià (derived from mucc)	all accumulate
d	/d/ /t/ at the end of the word /ː/ at the end of past participles...or... /i/ at the end of past pasrticiples in some dialectal variant outside Milan	dent mond mangiad	tooth world ate
e	/e/ /ɛ/ Ø for feminine plurals -er is not pronounced at the end of the word for verbs in the infinitive of the third conjugation	temp insema montagne vesser	time together mountains to be
f	/f/	fioeul	son
g	/d͡ʒ/ before "e" or "i" /ɡ/ before "a", "o", "oeu", "u" or any consonant	gesa magon	church dejection
gh	/ɡ/ before e or "i" /k/ at the end of the word	ghell	cent
gg	/d͡ʒ/ at the end of the word; rarely in the middle of the word for reasons of derivation	oeugg veggia (derivato da vegg)	eye old (feminine)
gn	/ɲ/	tegnì	to keep, to hold
h	∅ (attention: it is used at the beginning of all forms of the verb “havé”)	gh'hoo	have
i	/i/ /j/ after consonant, before vowel ∅ between "sc", "sg", "s'c", "s'g", "g", "c" and vowel /:/ at the end of plurals that end with "l" in the singular after "oeu"	intregh aria ciamà fioeui	entire, whole air to call, to ask sons
j	/ʎ/ between "i" and "a", not always between "e" e "a" /j/ in the other cases	famija tajà	family to cut
l	/l/ ∅ at the end of the word after oeu	lassà pedrioeul	to leave,to let funnel
ll	/ll/ in the middle of the word /l/ even at the end of the word (the double "l" is written at the end of the word when the accent is on the last syllable and the vowel that precedes is short)	balla basell	ball step
m	/m/ before bound consonant, nasalization of the preceding vowel	mur comprà	wall to buy
n	/n/ At the end of the word or before bound consonant, nasalization of the preceding vowel (can [kãː])) (except for the pronominal particle "en" in the form of a suffix and after "e") /ŋ/ before the velar consonants /k/ e /ɡ/	nivola mont parlamen conca	cloud mount to tell me about it hollow
nn	/n/ - at the end of the word rarely in the middle of the word for reasons of derivation	dann anniversari (derived from "ann")	damage anniversary
o	/ɔ/ /u/, /o/	comod tosa	comfortable girl
oeu	/ø/	poeu	then
p	/p/	pas	peace
q	/k/ before u + vowel	quatà	to cover
r	/r/ (/ː/ sometimes at the end of the word after "e" (senter [senˈteː]) -er is not pronounced at the end of the word for the verbs of the third conjugation in the infinitive form	ceregh senter vesser	cleric path to be
rr	/r/ - short preceeding vowel	carr (vs. car)	wagon
s	/s/ at the beginnig of the world /z/ intravocalic or at the end of the word	setàss nas	to sit nose
sh	/ʃ/	marshalles	Marshallese
ss	/s/	pess	fish
sc	/t͡ʃ/ - before e, i	scernì	to choose
s'c	/ʃt͡ʃ/	mes'cià	to mix
sg	/d͡ʒ/ before e or i often and in any case always at the beginning of the word /ʒ/ before e or i rarely in the middle of the world /d͡ʒ/ o /ʒ/ depending on the word at the end of the word (more often /ʒ/)	sgiornada resgiora lesg / lavesg	daytime landlady legge / small puddle
s'g	/ʃd͡ʒ/	s'giafon	slap
t	/t/	tollin	crown cork
u	/y/ /w/ dopo <q>	cuna aqua	crib water
v	/v/ ∅ intravocalic between "a" and "o", "o" and "a", "o" and "e" or "u" and "i"	vun tavol Mantova ruvina	one table Mantova ruin
z	/s/ or /z/ depending on the word at the beginning of the word or after consonant /z/ intravocalic or at the end of the word	zuca mez ghez	pumpkin means, half, middle green lizard
zz	/s/	mazzà	to kill