Jump to content

Manchu/Lesson 8 - Verbs 3

From Wikibooks, open books for an open world

Dialogue

[edit | edit source]
  1. amba age si aibici jihe?
  2. bi coohiyan wang ging ci jihe.
  3. te absi genembi ?
  4. bi gemun hecen i baru genembi.
  5. si atanggi wang ging ci juraka?
  6. bi ere biyai ice de juraka.
  7. si ere biyai ice de jurafi, te hontoho biya hamika bime ainu teni ubade isinjiha?
  8. emu gucu tutafi jime ofi, bi elhe seme aliyakiyame yabure jakade tuttu jime goidaha.
  9. tere gucu te amcame isinjimbio akvn?
  10. ere uthai tere gucu inu, sikse teni jihe.
  11. si bodoci ere biyai manashvn gemun hecen de isinambio isinarakvn?
  12. bi adarame bahafi sambi? abka gosifi beye elhe oci isinambi dere.
  13. si coohiyan i niyalma kai, geli ai xolo de nikan i gisun be mujakv sain i taciha?
  14. bi daci nikan i niyalma de bithe taciha be dahame, nikan i gisun be majige bahanambi.
  15. si wede bithe taciha?
  16. bi nikan i tacikv de bithe taciha.
  17. si ai jergi bithe be taciha?
  18. bi leolen gisuren mengdzi ajigan tacin i bithe be taciha.
  19. si inenggidari aibe kicembi?
  20. inenggidari gersi fersi de ilifi tacikv de genefi sefu de bithe tacimbi, tacikv ci facame boode jifi buda jeme wajiha manggi, uthai tacikv de genefi bithe arame sefui juleri bithe be giyangnambi.
  21. ai bithe be giyangnambi?
  22. leolen gisuren mengdzi ajigan tacin i bithe be giyangnambi.
  23. bithe giyangname wajifi jai aibe kicembi?
  24. yamji oho manggi, sefui juleri sibiya tatafi bithe xejilembi, xejileme mutehengge oci sefu guwebure bithe emke be bumbi, aika xejileme muterakv oci, kadalara xusai tere be dedubufi ilan moo tantambi.
  25. sibiya tatafi bithe xejilere, guwebure bithe burengge adarame?

Translation

[edit | edit source]
  1. Big older brother where did you come from?
  2. I came from Seoul (Wang Kyeong (Korean) or Wang Jing(Chinese) means 'City of King', which means Seoul) in Korea
  3. Where are you going now?
  4. I am going towards the Capital city
  5. When did you leave Seoul?
  6. I set out on the first day of the month
  7. You left on the first day of the month, now it has nearly been half a month. How is it that you have only arrived here?
  8. A friend fell behind so I am travelling slow to wait for him, and that is way I am late.
  9. Has that friend caught up?
  10. This is that friend, he came yesterday
  11. Do you estimate that you will be able to make it to the capital by the end of the month?
  12. How would I know? If the heavens are kind and our health (body) is okay, then we should be able to.
  13. You are Korean! What free time did you have to study Chinese that well.
  14. I originally studied with Chinese people, and therefore I know a bit of Chinese
  15. Who did you study with?
  16. I studied at a Chinese school
  17. What type of books did you study?
  18. I studied the analects, Mengzi(Mencius) and some elementry school books.
  19. What classwork do you have each day
  20. Each day I get up at day break and go to school to study with my teacher. After class I go home and eat, and after that I go back to school to write and to recite books in front of my teacher.
  21. What books do you recite?
  22. I recite the Analects, Mengzi and some elementary school books.
  23. What classwork do you do after you have finished reciting the books?
  24. In the evening (after it becomes night) the teacher does a ballot to see who has to recite from memory. If the person can recite from memory then my teacher gives them an avoid punishment card, if they can't then the managing Xiucai then tells them to lie down and they get hit three times with a piece of wood.
  25. How can it be that you get an avoid punishment card from the ballot to see who has to recite from memory?

Vocab

[edit | edit source]
............................................................ ............................................................ ............................................................ ............................................................
Manchu Vocabulary English Translation Manchu Vocabulary English Translation
aibici From what place absi How
age Older brother ajigan Small
aliyakiyambi To wait, to walk slowly amcambi To catch up
atanggi what time bahambi to get
baru Towards bime And
bodombi To think, to estimate buda Food
coohiyan Korean dahambi To follow
dahame Because dedubumbi To make lie down (active of dedumbi to lie down)
elhe Peace, slow emke One
facambi To disperse, to finish class gemun Capital
gersi fersi Dawn giyangnambi To talk about, to recite
goidambi To be a long time gosimbi To be kind, to be generous to
guwebumbi To let somebody off hamimbi Enough, nearly
hecen City, city wall hontoho Half, a half
ice New, first day of the month ilimbi To stand
jakade Because jembi To eat
jergi Type, level juleri In front of
jurambi To set out kadalambi To manage
kicembi To be industrious leolen gisuren The Analects
manashvn End of the month moo Wood, a piece of wood
mujakv Very mutembi To be able to
sefu Teacher sibiya tatambi To draw straws, a ballot
tacin Studies tantambi To hit
tatambi To pull, to stay somewhere teni and only then…. (才)
tutambi To fall behind, to stay behind wajimbi To finish
xejilembi To recite, repeat from memory xusai Scholar (秀才-Xiucai) someone who has passed the county level imperial exams
yamji Night

Grammar

[edit | edit source]

Verbs (part 3)

[edit | edit source]

Converbs (副动词)

[edit | edit source]

The main converbs in Manchu are:


1) Coordinative -me

This converb modifies the following verb and can be used to link several verbs. It also expresses simultaneous action, or can be used to start a quote. E.g.

  • ai baita be arame genembi? (what are you going to do)
  • yacin gvlmahvn sakda niman i boode efime genehe (the black rabbit went to the old mountain goat's house to play.)
  • suwe ai erinde gurime jihengge? (when did you move here?)
  • ajige xanyan gvlmahvn jabume:... (the small white rabbit said:....)


2) Subordinative -fi

Refers to a sequence of actions where one action is completed before another one begins. It is like English 'then', and also a bit like 'because' E.g.

  • bi genefi tuwaki (I will go and (then) have a look)
  • ajige yacin gvlmahvn lafu sogi be gaifi, hendume:"yeyede baniha!" (the small black rabbit took the bok choi and then said: thank you grandfather)
  • yacin gvlmahvn ningge jetere jaka akv ofi, geli sakda niman i boode sogi baime genehe (As the small black rabit had nothing to eat, he then went to the old mountain goat's house to ask for more vegetables)


3) Conditional -ci

This is the conditional converb and is similar to English 'if'. E.g.

  • bi tuwaci (if I look)
  • jalan de suwe akvci ergen de jurgan akv ni (If this world did not have you all, then life would have no meaning)
  • si Harbin de geneci (if you go to Harbin)


4) Durative -hai (-hei, -hoi)

This converb is used to express that an action occurs or continues at the same time as another action is performed. E.g.

  • necimbihei yabumbi (to continuously invade)


5) Terminative -tala (-tele, -tolo)

This converb is used to show that an action occurs up to a certain time.

  • aratala (until he writes)
  • tetele (till now)


6) Instrumental -tai (-tei, -toi)

This converb is used to show that an action is being forced

  • bucetei daharakv (I will not submit even if I die)


7) Preparative -nggala (-nggele, -nggolo)

This converb is like English ‘before’

  • utala inenggi onggolo (several days ago)


8) Concessive -cibe

This converb is like Enlgish ‘although’

  • tuttu bicibe (although it is like that)


9) Alternative -ralame (-relame, -rolame)

This converb is used to show that two actions are being performed at the same time

  • bi yaburalame tuwambi (looking as I’m going along)


10) Simultaneous -mbime

This converb is used to show that one action is occurring (or not) while another action takes place

  • si baita be sambi sembime, ainu takarakv (while you say you know about the matter, how come you don’t?)

auxiliary verbs (助动词)

[edit | edit source]

Three important auxiliary verbs in Manchu are:

  • sembi – sembi means ‘to say’
  • ombi – ‘ombi’ can be translated as ‘to become’, ‘to be’, ‘to act as’,
  • bimbi – ‘bimbi’ can be translated as ‘to be or ‘is’.


Irregular verbs (table)

[edit | edit source]

This table is a list of all the irregular Manchu verbs and their irregular forms. Note a blank space indicates that this form of the verb is regular. Note verbs where the suffix ‘-fi’ becomes ‘-pi’ or ‘-mpi’ are not included.

............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ...............................................
Dictionary form Meaning Past tense Future Tense Imperative
gerembi Dawn gereke gerendere
guwembi To avoid guwengke guwendere
colgorombi To be complete colgoroko
ombi To become, can ojoro oso
gvmbi To bite furiously gvndere
gvwaliyambi To change gvwaliyaka
jimbi To come jidere jio
wasimbi To desced, be defeated wasika (wasiha) wasinu
jembi To eat jeke (jengke) jetere (jendere) jefu
tucimbi To exit, to set out, to come out tucike (tucihe) tucinu
sumbi To explain, to get rid of suhe (sungke)
jailambi To flee, hide jailara (jailandara)
ukambi To flee, hide ukaha (ukaka)
bahambi To get baha
xahvrambi To get a cold xahvraka
yombi To go yoro (yondoro)
bimbi To have / at bisire bisu
xumbi To know copletely xungke
baimbi To look for baisu
wembi To melt into wengke were (wendere)
juwambi To open, open one's mounth jawangka (juwaka)
hafumbi To pass through hafuka hafundara
jombi To raise jongko jondoro
wesimbi To raise wesike wesina
teyembi To rest teyere (teyendere)
eldembi To shine on eldeke
xambi To stare xaha (xangka)
gajimbi To take back gaju
gombi To take back gondoro
gaimbi To take, to want gaisu
fumbi To wipe fungke
............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ...............................................


Lesson 7 (Verbs 2) ---- Contents ---- Lesson 9 (Adverbs)