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Portuguese Grammar/Verb

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The three conjugations

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The verbs in portuguese have three conjugations:

The first (-ar), the second (- er*) and the third (-ir).

The conjugation suffix is ever the tonic syllable.

*The verb pôr is the revised form of the extincted poer.

Moods

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Indicativ/Indicativo (In.di.ca.ti.vo)

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A fact.

I walk.

Eu ando.

The subject certainly walks.

Conjunctive/Subjuntivo (Sub.jun.ti.vo)

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It is uncertain.

If I walk...

Se eu andar...

The "if" shows uncertainly.

I hoped to walk.

Eu esperava andar.

It's a wish, so, it isn't certainly.

When I want, I will walk.

Quando eu quiser, eu vou andar. or (Quando eu quiser, eu irei andar. or Quando eu quiser, eu andarei.)

It' s more complicated to explain. When it has a relative pronoun, that is generally used to ask an explanation to the doubt of the first person, the conjunctive comes.

Maybe I walk...

Talvez eu ande...

Maybe I will walk.

Talvez eu vá andar. or (Talvez eu irei andar. or Talvez eu andarei.)

The "will" puts the action into the future.

He doesn't know if he will walk or no.

Ele não sabe se (ele) vai andar ou não. or (Ele não sabe se (ele) irá andar ou não. or Ele não sabe se (ele) andará ou não.)

Imperative/Imperativo (Im.pe.ra.ti.vo)

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It shows a supposition to what the first person do to another person do.

Let's walk there.

Andemos para lá or Vamos andar para lá.

The first person is supposing to the other person that is with himself.

Walk two times a week in the beach and you will lose your weight.

Anda duas vezes por semana na praia e perderás o teu peso ou Anda duas vezes por semana na praia e perderás teu peso

The first person is indicating to the second what he should do.

Don' t walk! You are prohibited!

Não andes! Estás proibido!

The first person in forcing the second to don' t walk.

Conditional/Condicional (Con.di.ci:o.nal)

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It shows what was in the subjunctive if the conjunctive come certainly, a hypothesis.

If you were fat, you would have to walk

Se fosses gordo, precisarias de andar.

Be careful!

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If by 2030 you are fat, you will have to walk

Se em 2030 fores gordo , terás de andar.

It isn't a hypothesis, because the grammar future is uncertainly, the second person can be fat or not.

Nominal form(s)/Forma(s) nomina(l/is) (For.mas no.mi.nais)

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It isn' t really a mood. It is the different forms that the verb can appear.