Programming Fundamentals/Variable Examples C++
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Overview
[edit | edit source]The following examples demonstrate data types, arithmetic operations, and input in C++.
Data Types
[edit | edit source] // This program demonstrates variables, literal constants, and data types.
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int i;
double d;
string s;
bool b;
i = 1234567890;
d = 1.23456789012345;
s = "string";
b = true;
cout << "Integer i = " << i << endl;
cout << "Double d = " << d << endl;
cout << "String s = " << s << endl;
cout << "Boolean b = " << b << endl;
return 0;
}
Output
[edit | edit source]Integer i = 1234567890 Real r = 1.23457 String s = string Boolean b = 1
Discussion
[edit | edit source]Each code element represents:
//
begins a comment#include <iostream>
includes standard input and output streams//
#include <sstream>
includes standard string streams//
using namespace std
allows reference tostring
,cout
, andendl
without writingstd::string
,std::cout
, andstd::endl
.int main()
begins the main function, which returns an integer value{
begins a block of codeint i
defines an integer variable named i;
ends each line of C++ codedouble d
defines a double floating-point variable named dstring s
defines a string variable named sbool b
defines a Boolean variable named bi = , d = , s =, b =
assign literal values to the corresponding variablescout
is standard output<<
directs the next element to standard outputendl
ends the current linereturn 0
returns the value 0 from main, indicating the main function completed successfully}
ends a block of code
Arithmetic
[edit | edit source] // This program demonstrates arithmetic operations.
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a;
int b;
a = 3;
b = 2;
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
cout << "b = " << b << endl;
cout << "a + b = " << a + b << endl;
cout << "a - b = " << a - b << endl;
cout << "a * b = " << a * b << endl;
cout << "a / b = " << a / b << endl;
cout << "a % b = " << a + b << endl;
return 0;
}
Output
[edit | edit source]a = 3 b = 2 a + b = 5 a - b = 1 a * b = 6 a / b = 1 a % b = 5
Discussion
[edit | edit source]Each new code element represents:
+, -, *, /, and %
represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus, respectively.
Temperature
[edit | edit source] // This program converts an input Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius.
//
// References:
// https://www.mathsisfun.com/temperature-conversion.html
// https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double fahrenheit;
double celsius;
cout << "Enter Fahrenheit temperature:" << endl;
cin >> fahrenheit;
celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9;
cout << fahrenheit << "° Fahrenheit is " << celsius << "° Celsius" << endl;
return 0;
}
Output
[edit | edit source]Enter Fahrenheit temperature: 100 100° Fahrenheit is 37.7778° Celsius
Discussion
[edit | edit source]Each new code element represents:
cin >> fahrenheit
reads the next integer from standard input and assigns the value to the fahrenheit variable