Programming Fundamentals/Variable Examples CSharp

Overview

The following examples demonstrate data types, arithmetic operations, and input in C#.

Data Types

 // This program demonstrates variables, literal constants, and data types.
 
 using System;
 
 public class DataTypes
 {
     public static void Main(string[] args)
     {
         int i;
         double d;
         string s;
         Boolean b;
         
         i = 1234567890;
         d = 1.23456789012345;
         s = "string";
         b = true;
 
         Console.WriteLine("Integer i = " + i);
         Console.WriteLine("Double d = " + d);
         Console.WriteLine("String s = " + s);
         Console.WriteLine("Boolean b = " + b);
     }
 }

Output

Integer i = 1234567890
Double d = 1.23456789012345
String s = string
Boolean b = True

Discussion

Each code element represents:

• // begins a comment
• using System allows references to Boolean and Console without writing System.Boolean and System.Console
• public class DataTypes begins the Data Types program
• { begins a block of code
• public static void Main() begins the main function
• int i defines an integer variable named i
• ; ends each line of C# code
• double d defines a double floating-point variable named d
• string s defines a string variable named s
• Boolean b defines a Boolean variable named b
• i = , d = , s =, b = assign literal values to the corresponding variables
• Console.WriteLine() calls the standard output write line function
• } ends a block of code

Arithmetic

 // This program demonstrates arithmetic operations.
 
 using System;
 
 public class Arithmetic
 {
     public static void Main(string[] args)
     {
         int a;
         int b;
         
         a = 3;
         b = 2;
 
         Console.WriteLine("a = " + a);
         Console.WriteLine("b = " + b);
         Console.WriteLine("a + b = " + (a + b));
         Console.WriteLine("a - b = " + (a - b));
         Console.WriteLine("a * b = " + a * b);
         Console.WriteLine("a / b = " + a / b);
         Console.WriteLine("a % b = " + (a + b));
     }
 }

Output

a = 3
b = 2
a + b = 5
a - b = 1
a * b = 6
a / b = 1
a % b = 5

Discussion

Each new code element represents:

• +, -, *, /, and % represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus, respectively.

Temperature

 // This program converts an input Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius.
 
 using System;
 
 public class Temperature
 {
     public static void Main(string[] args)
     {
         double fahrenheit;
         double celsius;
         
         Console.WriteLine("Enter Fahrenheit temperature:");
         fahrenheit = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
 
         celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9;
 
         Console.WriteLine(
             fahrenheit.ToString() + "° Fahrenheit is " + 
             celsius.ToString() + "° Celsius" + "\n");
     }
 }

Output

Enter Fahrenheit temperature:
 100
100° Fahrenheit is 37.7777777777778° Celsius

Discussion

Each new code element represents:

• Console.ReadLine() reads the next line from standard input
• Convert.ToDouble converts the input to a double floating-point value

References

• Wikiversity: Computer Programming

Programming Fundamentals