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Pulsars and neutron stars/Modelling timing residuals

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Introduction

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Pulse numbering

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Glitch events

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In tempo/tempo2, glitch events are modelled as an offset in pulse phase, and the permanent increments in the pulse frequency and first frequency time derivative . In addition it is sometimes necessary to in a transient frequency increment which decays exponentially to zero with a timescale of . The phase model (caused by the glitch) is therefore taken as:

where is the glitch epoch and is the current time.

Frequency-dependent and frequency-independent noise

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Spatially correlated timing residuals

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Spectral analysis of timing residuals

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Interpolation and extrapolation of pulsar timing residuals

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