QBasic/Code Snippets
< QBasic
Example 1
[edit | edit source]DO
CLS 'This clears the screen. It's the default first line, as it gets rid of
'unwanted text and graphics. By the way, the apostrophe is a comment.
'Everything past it is ignored by QBasic, which is why I can say anything.
PRINT "Press escape to end the insane beeping! Muahaha!" 'PRINT prints text to the screen.
'The quotes tell Qbasic that the stuff
'inside is a ''string''. PRINT can be
'replaced by a question mark "?".
DO WHILE INKEY$ <> CHR$(27) 'Checks to see if the user is pressing "escape"; the
'ASCII value of that key is represented by "CHR$(27)",
'the ASCII value of escape is 27. "DO WHILE" creates a loop, saying "Do this until
'the user [[whatever comes after the "DO WHILE", in our case presses escape]]
LET x% = INT(RND * 9000 + 100) '"LET"-This "declares" the variable. It's obsolete, so you could
'just say "x% = [[whatever]]".
'"RND" generates a smallish random number. Multiplying it by 9000
'makes it a number between 0 and 9000. "+ 100" makes it between 100
'and 9100. "INT" makes it an integer (number without a
'decimal point) and the "%" tells QBasic it's an integer, rather
'than, say, a string.
SOUND x%, 1 'This makes a ''sound'', with its frequency (pitch) being x [[Hz]]. This number has to
'be between 36 and 32767, but ordinary speakers can't produce a frequency anywhere near
'32767 Hz, and only girls and a few other humans can easily hear pitches much beyond
'14000 or so. The writer of this program may have little hearing much beyond
'9100 or so. ", 1" says that the sound will last 1 ''[[clock tick]]''. A clock tick in
'QBasic happens 18.2 times a second. So, this program will make some CRAZY beeps.
LOOP 'This ties in with the "DO WHILE" part. Without this, the "DO WHILE" won't know when
'stop and start over.
PRINT "Ok, I'll stop." 'Prints "Ok, I'll stop."
SLEEP 2 'Waits two seconds, then continues. Remove the "2" and it will wait for a
'keypress. Note that different functions use different time units.
INPUT "Beep again? (y/n , then hit enter, n is default)", beep$ 'Checks to see what the user types
'before they hit enter, and stores it in a
'variable ("beep")
LOOP WHILE beep$ = "y" OR beep$ = "Y" 'Tells the program to goto the start, if the users types "y"
Example 2
[edit | edit source]The following code illustrates some of the structured programming features of QBasic, such as Sub-routines and functions, and loops, and some of the QBasic graphics capabilities.
' Spiro.bas
'
DECLARE SUB MoveTo (x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE)
DECLARE SUB Spiro (ns AS INTEGER, nw AS INTEGER, nt AS INTEGER, d AS INTEGER, spos AS INTEGER, x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE, col AS INTEGER)
DECLARE FUNCTION HighestCommonFactor (a AS INTEGER, b AS INTEGER)
'
' TEST ROUTINE
DIM s AS INTEGER ' loop counter
DIM col AS INTEGER ' Drawing color
DIM r AS INTEGER, spos AS INTEGER, x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE
SCREEN 9 ' Set screen mode to 640x350, 16 colors
x = 320 ' or Max x coordinate / 2
y = 175 ' or Max y coordinate / 2
col = 1
diam = 2 ' Diameter of drawing wheel
spos = 100 ' Starting position
FOR b = 1 TO 12 ' Draw 12 spirographs
Spiro 360, 120, 360, r, spos, x, y, col
r = r + 2 ' increase distance from centre of drawing wheel
spos = spos + 10 ' increase starting position
col = col + 1 ' next color
NEXT
END
' Draw the loci of a point on a circle revolving inside
' another circle, or a circle revolving round another circle.
' Parameters:
' ns, No. teeth in stationary part (-ve = outside)
' nw, No. teeth in wheel (-ve = clockwise)
' nt, No. of teeth to 'do'
' r, Radius
' spos, tooth to start at
' x, y Coordinates of centre
' col Drawing color
SUB Spiro (ns AS INTEGER, nw AS INTEGER, nt AS INTEGER, r AS INTEGER, spos AS INTEGER, x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE, col AS INTEGER)
DIM n1 AS INTEGER, n2 AS INTEGER, i AS INTEGER, n AS INTEGER, no AS INTEGER
DIM a AS DOUBLE, b AS DOUBLE, alpha AS DOUBLE, beta AS DOUBLE
DIM offang AS DOUBLE, dab AS DOUBLE, adif AS DOUBLE, aob AS DOUBLE
DIM x1 AS DOUBLE, y1 AS DOUBLE, x2 AS DOUBLE, y2 AS DOUBLE
DIM PI AS DOUBLE
PI = 3.14159265358979324#
n1 = ABS(ns): n2 = ABS(nw)
a = n1 / (2# * PI): b = n2 / (2# * PI)
IF ns < 0 THEN
dab = a + b: r = -r
ELSE
dab = a - b
END IF
offang = (spos - 1) * 2# * PI / n1
alpha = 0#: adif = PI / n1: aob = a / b
n = (n2 / HighestCommonFactor(n1, n2))
no = 2 * n * ABS(nt)
x1 = dab + r: y1 = 0#
x2 = x1 * COS(offang) + x: y2 = x1 * SIN(offang) + y
MoveTo x2, y2
FOR i = 0 TO no - 1
IF nw < 0 THEN alpha = alpha - adif ELSE alpha = alpha + adif
IF ns < 0 THEN beta = -alpha * aob ELSE beta = alpha * aob
x1 = dab * COS(alpha) + r * COS(alpha - beta)
y1 = dab * SIN(alpha) + r * SIN(alpha - beta)
x2 = x1 * COS(offang) - y1 * SIN(offang) + x
y2 = x1 * SIN(offang) + y1 * COS(offang) + y
' setcolor(col); lineto(x2, y2)
LINE -(x2, y2), col
NEXT
END SUB
== Example of do-loop ==
' MoveTo x, y
' For QBasic
' For other languages, replace or omit
SUB MoveTo (x AS DOUBLE, y AS DOUBLE)
DIM dr AS STRING
dr = "BM " + STR$(INT(x)) + "," + STR$(INT(y))
DRAW "X" + VARPTR$(dr)
END SUB
' Highest common factor - Euclid's algorithm
FUNCTION HighestCommonFactor (a AS INTEGER, b AS INTEGER)
DIM i AS INTEGER, j AS INTEGER, r AS INTEGER
IF a > b THEN
i = a: j = b
ELSE
i = b: j = a
END IF
r = i \ j
WHILE (r <> 0)
i = j: j = r: r = i \ j
WEND
HighestCommonFactor = j
END FUNCTION
Credit
[edit | edit source]Taken from Wikipedia