Quenya/Inflected adjectives
Usage
[edit | edit source]Adjectives used as a noun
[edit | edit source]We translate this in English by using the word "one" with the adjective:
- jlDaD laica "a keen one"; `B jlDaD i laica "the keen one"
- aD65$ carnë "a red one"; `B aD65$ i carnë "the red one"
- cE7T5 hwarin "a crooked one `B cE7T5 i hwarin "the crooked one"
In this case the adjective is inflected with the noun endings:
- jlDaD6 laicar "keen ones"
- aD65% carni "red ones"
- cE7T2% hwarindi "crooked ones"
Dual and partitive plural are also possible:
- jlDaD1 laicat "a pair of keen ones"
- jlDaDj% laicali "some keen ones"
- aD65%1 carnit "a pair of red ones"
- aD65%j% carnili "some red ones"
- `B cE7T2& i hwarindu "both crooked ones, the crooked pair ones"
- cE7T2$j% hwarindeli "some crooked ones"
These nouns can of course take all case endings, e.g.
- jlDaD7Y5 laicaron (genitive plural); aD65%j°^ carnillo (ablative singular); `B cE7T2&5 i hwarindun (dative dual) ...
Adjectives following the noun
[edit | edit source]When the adjective is put behind its noun, the rule of the last declinable word applies.
This means that the adjective takes the case endings and the noun loses them:
- aY`C aD65%5"# coa carninna "to a red house" (allative)
- aY`C aD65%j°^ coa carnillo "from a red house" (ablative)
In the plural the adjective has the plural case-endings and the noun is in the nominative plural:
- aY`C6 aD65%5"#6 coar carninnar "to red houses" (allative)
In the dual the adjective has the dual case-endings and the noun is in the nominative dual:
- aU`C1 aD65%j1Y coat carnilto "from a pair of red houses" (ablative)
Note: adjectives only have t-duals even if they contain a d- or t-sound:
- `B `Cm& 1.GaD1R+ i aldu tiucatsë "in both thick trees" (locative)
The other types of words that are inflected in this way are:
- participles when they follow the noun (see Verbal forms)
- demonstrative pronouns
- titles also always follow the noun, so it is also the title and not the noun itself that is inflected:
- `Vj$2%j yY7Y2# Elendil Voronda "Elendil the Faithful"
- `Vj$2%j yY7Y2#5 Elendil Vorondan "to Elendil the Faithful" (dative)
- `Vj$2%j yY7Y2#j°^ Elendil Vorondallo "from Elendil the Faithful" (ablative)
But there are two cases in which this rule isn't followed:
- When the noun is in the partitive plural, the case ending remains with the noun and the adjective has its original (plural) form:
- aU`Cj%,R aD65% coalissë carni "in some red houses" (locative)
- The adjectives on \`V`C –ëa only have a plural form and no other cases so the ending remains with the noun:
- aY`C5"# j.D7R`C coanna laurëa "to a golden house" (allative)
- aY`C5"#6 j.D7T`V coannar laurië "to golden houses" (allative)
Paradigms
[edit | edit source]A few remarks:
- The forms of the plural can only be used when the adjective follows the noun, not when it is used as a noun. But in that case it follows the ordinary rules of Quenya/Declension Paradigms.
- Adjectives on \`V`C -ëa cannot be inflected so they aren't included in these tables. They can be used as nouns but in that case they are inflected like the nouns `Cr# ampa "hook" or `Cm# alda "tree".
- The partitive plural can only be used when the adjective is used as a noun so it isn't included in the table.
Adjectives on \`C -a (but not \`V`C -ëa) are inflected as follows (`C2# anda "long"):
| Singular | Plural | Dual | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | `C2# anda |
`C2$ andë |
`C2#1 andat | |
| Genitive | `C2^ ando |
`C2$`N5 andëon |
`C2#1Y andato | |
| Possessive | `C2#yE andava |
`C2lDyE andaiva |
`C2#1nE andatwa | |
| Dative | `C2#5 andan |
`C2lD5 andain |
`C2#4 andant | |
| Ablative | `C2#j°^ andallo |
`C2#j°^5 andallon |
`C2#j°^6 andallor |
`C2#j1Y andalto |
| Allative | `C2#5"# andanna |
`C2#5"#6 andannar |
`C2#4# andanta | |
| Locative | `C2#,R andassë |
`C2#,R5 andassen |
`C2#1R+ andatsë | |
| Instrumental | `C2#5$5 andanen |
`C2lD5$5 andainen |
`C2#4$5 andanten | |
| Respective | `C2#8 andas |
`C2lD8 andais |
`C2#1R8 andates | |
Adjectives on -ë are inflected as follows (ninquë "white"):
| Singular | Plural | Dual | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | 5%v$ ninquë |
5%v% ninqui |
5%v%1 ninquit | |
| Genitive | 5%v%`N ninquio |
5%v%`N5 ninquion |
5%v%1Y ninquito | |
| Possessive | 5%v%yE ninquiva |
5%v~ByE ninquíva |
5%v%1nE ninquitwa | |
| Dative | 5%v%5 ninquin |
5%v~B5 ninquín |
5%v%4 ninquint | |
| Ablative | 5%v%j°^ ninquillo |
5%v%j°^5 ninquillon |
5%v%j°^6 ninquillor |
5%v%j1Y ninquilto |
| Allative | 5%v%5"# ninquinna |
5%v%5"#6 ninquinnar |
5%v%4# ninquinta | |
| Locative | 5%v%,R ninquissë |
5%v%,R5 ninquissen |
5%v%1R+ ninquitsë | |
| Instrumental | 5%v%5$5 ninquinen |
5%v~B5$5 ninquínen |
5%v%4$5 ninquinten | |
| Respective | 5%v%8 ninquis |
5%v~B8 ninquís |
5%v%1R8 ninquites | |
Adjectives on -n are inflected as follows (melin "dear"):
| Singular | Plural | Dual | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | t$j%5 melin |
t$j%5% melini |
t$j%2% melindi |
t$j%2$1 melindet |
| Genitive | t$j%2^ melindo |
t$j%2%`N5 melindion |
t$j%2$1Y melindeto | |
| Possessive | t$j%5nE melinwa |
t$j%2%yE melindiva |
t$j%2$1nE melindetwa | |
| Dative | t$j%2$5 melinden |
t$j%2%5 melindin |
t$j%2$4 melindent | |
| Ablative | t$j%2$j°^ melindello |
t$j%2%j°^5 melindillon |
t$j%2%j°^6 melindillor |
t$j%2$j1Y melindelto |
| Allative | t$j%2$5"# melindenna |
t$j%2%5"#6 melindinnar |
t$j%2$4# melindenta | |
| Locative | t$j%2$,R melindessë |
t$j%2$,R5 melindissen |
t$j%2$1R+ melindetsë | |
| Instrumental | t$j%2$5$5 melindenen |
t$j%2%5$5 melindinen |
t$j%2$4$5 melindenten | |
| Respective | t$j%2$8 melindes |
t$j%2%8 melindis |
t$j%2$1R8 melindetes | |
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