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Radiation Oncology/Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasm

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< Radiation Oncology
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Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms (PEN)


  • Uncommon tumors, incidence ~4/1,000,000
  • Can be either functional or nonfunctional; common functional tumors include insulinoma and gastrinoma (giving rise to Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES))
  • European Neuroendocrine Society suggests TNM staging and grade are predictive of tumor behavior
  • Treatment for localized PENs is surgical resection or enucleation
  • Lymph node status important prognostic factor, so LND should be considered, especially since tumor size does not correlate with LN status
  • Low grade tumors have excellent long-term outcomes, 5-year OS >90%
  • Intermediate grade tumors with LN+ or DM+ have 5-year OS ~58%
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