Radiation Oncology/Stomach/Staging
|
Current Staging
[edit | edit source]AJCC 7th Edition (2009)
Staging applies only to carcinomas. Lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinoids not included.
Note: tumors of the esophagogastric junction or arising in the stomach <= 5 cm from the EGJ and crossing the EGJ are staged as Esophageal cancers
T-stage:
- Tis - in situ; no invasion of lamina propria
- T1 - (mucosal invasion) invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa
- T1a - invades lamina propria or muscular mucosae
- T1b - invades submucosa
- T2 - (wall invasion) invades muscularis propria
- T3 - penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures
- T4 - invades serosa (visceral peritoneum) or adjacent structures
- T4a - invades serosa (visceral peritoneum)
- T4b - invades adjacent structures
- adjacent structures include: spleen, transverse colon, liver, diaphragm, pancreas, abdominal wall, adrenal gland, kidney, small intestine, and retroperitoneum
note: intramural extension to the duodenum or esophagus is classified by the depth of greatest invasion
N-stage:
(should include 10-15 nodes for analysis)
- N0 - no nodes
- N1 - 1-2 nodes
- N2 - 3-6 nodes
- N3 - 7 or more nodes
- N3a - 7-15 nodes
- N3b - 16 or more nodes
Regional nodes include:
- Greater curvature: greater curvature, greater omental, gastroduodenal, gastroepiploic, pyloric, pancreaticoduodenal
- Pancreatic and splenic area: pancreaticolienal, peripancreatic, splenic
- Lesser curvature: lesser curvature, lesser omental, left gastric, cardioesophageal, common hepatic, celiac, hepatoduodenal* (see note below)
Involvement of other nodal groups (retropancreatic, para-aortic, portal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric) are considered distant metastases. Positive peritoneal cytology is classified as metastatic disease.
* (note)The manual states "Involvement of other intra-abdominal lymph nodes, such as the hepatoduodenal ... is classified as distant metastasis." (Confusing. It lists hepatoduodenal nodes are both metastatic and regional)
M-stage:
- M0 - no
- M1 - yes
Stage grouping:
- IA - (add to 1) T1N0
- IB - (add to 2) T1N1 or T2N0
- IIA - (add to 3) T1N2, T2N1, T3N0
- IIB - (add to 4) T1N3, T2N2, T3N1, T4aN0
- IIIA - (add to 5) T2N3, T3N2, T4aN1
- IIIB - (add to 6 or T4b) T3N3, T4a N2, T4b N1, T4b N0
- IIIC - T4aN3, T4b N2-3
- IV - Any M1
Changes from 6th edition:
- Cancers of the GE junction and proximal 5 cm of stomach are classified as esophageal cancers
- Subdivision of T1 into T1a/b
- Redefined T2 (same as old T2a). Also, T2 is no longer subdivided.
- Redefined T3 (same as old T2b).
- Redefined and subdivided T4. T4a is same as old T3. T4b is same as old T4.
- Changed # lymph nodes involved to define N1/2/3
- Redefined stage groupings
Older staging editions
[edit | edit source]AJCC 6th Edition (2002)
T-stage:
- Tis - in situ; no invasion of lamina propria
- T1 - (mucosal invasion) invades lamina propria or submucosa
- T2 - (wall invasion) invades muscularis propria or subserosa
- T2a - muscularis propria
- T2b - subserosa
- T3 - penetrates serosa (visceral peritoneum) without invasion of adjacent structures
- T4 - invades adjacent structures
N-stage:
(should include 10-15 nodes for analysis)
- N0 - no nodes
- N1 - 1-6 nodes
- N2 - 7-15 nodes
- N3 - more than 15 nodes
Stage grouping:
- IA - (add to 1) T1N0
- IB - (add to 2) T1N1 or T2N0
- II - (add to 3) T1N2, T2N1, T3N0
- IIIA - (add to 4) T2N2, T3N1, T4N0
- IIIB - (add to 5) T3N2
- IV - Any T4N+, Any N3, or M1
Changes in 6th edition: divided T2 into T2a and T2b
AJCC 5th Edition (1997)
- No subdivision of T2 into T2a and T2b.
- Changed N-staging
AJCC 4th edition (1992)
- N1: positive node located with 3cm of primary. N2: located more than 3 cm of primary.