Sanskrit/Nouns

Gender and ending

Sanskrit nouns come in the three standard genders: masculine, neuter, and feminine. A noun's declension class depends on its gender and ending. Most nouns end in vowels, with some ending in consonants.

Feminine noun endings

Feminine nouns may end in आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, or ऋ.

Masculine noun endings

Masculine nouns may end in अ, इ, उ, or ऋ.

Number and Case

In dictionaries, Sanskrit nouns are often listed in root-form (मूलरूप). Sanskrit nouns are highly inflected, and change form depending on the number (singular (एककवचन), dual (द्विवचन), and plural (बहुवचन)) and the case (nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative, genitive, locative or vocative).

Masculine noun endings

Masculine nouns may end in अ, इ, उ, or ऋ.

Case	एक	द्वि	बहु
Nom	कूपः	कूपौ	कूपाः	Subject
Acc	कूपम्	कूपौ	कूपान्	Direct Object
Ins	कूपेन	कूपाभ्याम्	कूपैः	By; With; By Means of
Dat	कूपाय	कूपाभ्याम्	कूपेभ्यः	To; For
Abl	कूपात्	कूपाभ्याम्	कूपेभ्यः	From; Out of; Than
Gen	कूपस्य	कूपयोः	कूपानाम्	(Apostrophe) 's; Of; Belonging to
Loc	कूपे	कूपयोः	कूपेषु	In; On; At; Among
Voc	भोः/ हे कूप	भोः/ हे कूपौ	भोः/ हे कूपाः	Hello; Oh!; Hey!; Hey, you!