Sardinian

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Alphabet

It's a typical Latin-derived alphabet, as follows

A (A)
B (Bi)
C (Ci)
D (Di)
E (E)
F (Efa)
G (Gi)
H (Aca)
I (I)
J (Jota)
K (Kappa)
L (Ella)
M (Emma)
N (Enna)
O (O)
P (Pi)
R (Erra)
S (Essa)
T (Ti)
TZ (Zeta surda)
U (U)
V (Vu)
X (Ìchisi)
Z (Zeta sonora)

Pronounce

One of the major complications is the difference between the written form and the spoken one, given one must follow specific rules: it is important to mention at least some in the generality of cases.

It is highly recommended to learn as reported below, since the actual pronunciation of what is written shall be taken for granted.

Articles

Definite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Su = the	Sos = the
Feminine	Sa = the	Sas = the

Indefinite

Masculine	Feminine
Unu = a	Una = a

Prepositions

Prepositions go before a noun, pronoun, adjective or verb to indicate their function in a sentence; and may be simple, contracted or improper.

Simple prepositions

A = to
Chin o Cun = with
De = of
Dae = from / by
In = in
Pro = because of / to
Tra = between / among
Peri = towards

Contracted prepositions

These are generally formed by simple prepositions + the definite article.

A su / sa ; A sos / sas
Chin su / sa ; Chin sos / sas
De su / sa ; De sos / sas
Dae su / sa ; Dae sos / sas
In su / sa ; In sos / sas

Improper prepositions

Sutta = under / beneath / below
Supra = above
Sicunde = according to
Chentza = without
Francu = with the exception of

Prepositional phrases

In fattu [de] = behind
Finas / Fintzas [a] = until
Prima [de] = before
[a] Pustis [de] = after
[a] Curtzu [de] = near / close to
[in] S'oru [de] = near to the edge of
Attesu [dae] = far (away) from
Innedda [dae] = far (away) from
[a] Largu [dae] = far (away) from
Paris [chin] = together with
Affaccu [de] = next to
[a] Costazu [de] = next to
Contr'[a] = against
[a] Cara [de] = before / in front of
Fora [de] = out of / outside of
Intro [de] = inside / within
[in] Cambiu [de] = in exchange for / in return for
Imbetzes [de] = instead of

Because of the abovementioned pronunciation rules, the pronunciation of the prepositions is as follows:

A ssu / ssa ; A ssos / ssas

Chi' ssu / ssa ; Chi' ssos / ssas

De ssos / ssas ; De ssos / ssas

Dae su / sa ; Dae sos / sas

I' ssu / ssa ; I' ssos / ssas

I 'ffattu 'e ...

Affacch 'e ...

In spoken form, when in o chin are bound to the indefinite article unu / -a, a -d is added.

Cantande ind unu tzilleri (Singing in a bar)

Fipo chind un'amica (I was with a friend)

In spoken form, the -D of De often is not pronounced; so that the preposition becomes 'e.

Cardinal numbers

Unu = 1
Duos = 2
Tres = 3
Battor = 4
Chimbe = 5
Ses = 6
Sette = 7
Otto = 8
Nove = 9
Deche = 10
Undichi = 11
Doichi = 12
Treichi = 13
Battordichi = 14
Bindichi = 15
Seichi = 16
Dechessette = 17
Decheotto = 18
Dechennove = 19
Binti = 20
Bintunu = 21
Bintiduos = 22
Bintitres = 23

...

Trinta = 30
Trintunu = 31
Trintaduos = 32
Trintatres = 33

...

Baranta = 40
Barantunu = 41
Barantaduos = 42
Barantatres = 43

...

Chimbanta = 50
Chimbantunu = 51
Chimbantaduos = 52
Chimbantatres = 53

...

Sessanta = 60
Sessantunu = 61
Sessantaduos = 62
Sessantatres = 63

...

Settanta = 70
Settantunu = 71
Settantaduos = 72
Settantatres = 73

...

Ottanta = 80
Ottantunu = 81
Ottantaduos = 82
Ottantatres = 83

...

Novanta = 90
Novantunu = 91
Novantaduos = 92
Novantatres = 93

...

Chentu = 100
Chent'e unu = 101
Chent'e duos = 102
Chent'e tres = 103
Chentuchimbantunu = 151
Duchentos/-as = 200
Duchentos/-as e unu/-a = 201
Duchentos/-as e duos/-as = 202
Duchentos/-as e tres = 203
Duchentos/-as bintitres = 223
Trechentos/-as = 300
Battochentos/-as = 400
Chimbichentos/-as == 500
Seschentos/-as = 600
Settechentos/-as = 700
Ottochentos/-as = 800
Novechentos/-as = 900
Milli = 1000
Mill'e unu/-a = 1001
Mill'e duos/-as = 1002
Duamiza = 2000
Tremiza = 3000
Battomiza = 4000
Chimbemiza = 5000
Semiza = 6000
Settemiza = 7000
Ottomiza = 8000
Novemiza = 9000
Dechemiza = 10000
Doichimiza = 12000
Bintunamiza e deche = 21010

Ordinal numbers

Ordinal numbers serving as adjectives

Primu/-a = first
Sicundu/-a = second
Tertzu/-a = third
Cuartu/-a = fourth
Cuìntu/-a = fifth
Sestu/-a = sixth
Sèttimu/-a = seventh
Ottavu/-a = eighth
Nonu/-a = ninth
Décimu/-a = tenth

Ordinal numbers serving as pronouns

Su 'e unu = the first
Su 'e duos = the second
Su 'e tres = the third
Su 'e battor = the fourth
Su 'e chimbe = the fifth
Su 'e ses = the sixth
Su 'e binti = the twentieth
Su 'e bintunu = the twenty-first
Su 'e bintiduos = the twenty-second
Su 'e trinta = the twenty-third
Su 'e chentu = the one hundredth
Su 'e milli = the one thousandth

Verbs

Sardinian has the following moods and tenses:

Indicative	Subjunctive	Conditional	Imperative	Infinitive	Participle	Gerund
• Present • Imperfect • Preterite♦ • Present Perfect • Past Perfect • Future • Future Perfect	•Present •Imperfect •Past •Pluperfect	•Present •Past	•Present •Future	•Present •Past	•Present♦♦ •Past	•Present •Past

Verbs/Conjugation of ÈSSER

Indicative

Present

Deo so
Tue ses
Issu/Issa est
Nois semus
Bois sezis
Issos/Issas sun

Imperfect

Deo fippo
Tue fis
Issu/Issa fit
Nois fimus
Bois fizis
Issos/Issas fin

Present Perfect

Deo so istau/-da
Tue ses istau/-da
Issu/Issa est istau/-da
Nois semus istaos/-das
Bois sezis istaos/-das
Issos/Issas sun istaos/-das

Past Perfect

Deo fippo istau/-da
Tue fis istau/-da
Issu/Issa fit istau/-da
Nois fimus istaos/-das
Bois fizis istaos/-das
Issos/Issas fin istaos/-das

Future

Deo app'a esser
Tue as a esser
Issu/Issa at a esser
Nois amus a esser
Bois azes a esser
Issos/Issas an a esser

Future Perfect

Deo app'a esser istau/-da
Tue as a esser istau/-da
Issu/Issa at a esser istau/-da
Nois amus a esser istaos/-das
Bois azes a esser istaos/-das
Issos/Issas an a esser istaos/-das

Subjunctive

Present

(Chi) Deo sìa
(Chi) Tue sìas
(Chi) Issu/Issa sìat
(Chi) Nois siàmus
(Chi) Bois siàzes
(Chi) Issos/Issas sìan

Imperfect

(Chi) Deo (es)sèrepo
(Chi) Tue (es)sères
(Chi) Issu/Issa (es)sèret
(Chi) Nois (es)sèremus
(Chi) Bois (es)sèrezes
(Chi) Issos (es)sèren

Past

(Chi) Deo sìa istau/-da
(Chi) Tue sìas istau/-da
(Chi) Issu/Issa sìat istau/-da
(Chi) Nois siàmus istaos/-das
(Chi) Bois siàzes istaos/-das
(Chi) Issos/Issas sìan istaos/-das

Pluperfect

(Chi) Deo (es)sèrepo istau/-da
(Chi) Tue (es)sères istau/-da
(Chi) Issu/Issa (es)sèret istau/-da
(Chi) Nois (es)sèremus istaos/-das
(Chi) Bois (es)sèrezes istaos/-das
(Chi) Issos (es)sèren istaos/-das

Conditional

Present

Deo dìo esser
Tue dìas esser
Issu/Issa dìat esser
Nois diàmus esser
Bois diàzes esser
Issos/Issas dìan esser

Past

Deo dìo esser istau/-da
Tue dìas esser istau/-da
Issu/Issa dìat esser istau/-da
Nois diàmus esser istaos/-das
Bois diàzes esser istaos/-das
Issos/Issas dìan esser istaos/-das

Imperative

Present

Sìas (tue!)
Sìat (issu / issa!)
Siàmus (nois!)
Siàzes (bois!)
Sìan (issos / issas!)

Future

As a esser (tue!)
At a esser (issu / issa!)
Amus a esser (nois!)
Azes a esser (bois!)
An a esser (issos / issas!)

Infinitive

Present

Èsser

Past

Èsser istau/-da

Participle

Istau/-da ; Istaos/-das

Gerund

Present

(Es)sende

Past

(Es)sende istau/-da ; (Es)sende istaos/-das

Verbs/Conjugation of other auxiliary verbs

ÁER (To have)

Indicative

Present

Deo appo
Tue as
Issu/Issa at
Nois amus
Bois azes
Issos/Issas an

Imperfect

Deo aìo
Tue aìas
Issu/Issa aìat
Nois abamus, ajabamus
Bois abazes, ajabazes
Issos aìan

Present Perfect

Deo app'àppiu
Tue as àppiu
Issu/Issa at àppiu
Nois amus àppiu
Bois azes àppiu
Issos/Issas an àppiu

Past Perfect

Deo aìo àppiu
Tue aìas àppiu
Issu/Issa aìat àppiu
Nois abamus àppiu
Bois abazes àppiu
Issos/Issas aìan àppiu

Future

Deo app'àer
Tue as' àer
Issu/Issa at' àer
Nois amus' àer
Bois azes' àer
Issos/Issas an' àer

Future Perfect

Deo app'àer àppiu
Tue as' àer àppiu
Issu/Issa at' àer àppiu
Nois amus' àer àppiu
Bois azes' àer àppiu
Issos/Issas an' àer àppiu

Subjunctive

Present

(Chi) Deo appa
(Chi) Tue appas
(Chi) Issu/Issa appat
(Chi) Nois appamus
(Chi) Bois appazes
(Chi) Issos/Issas appan

Imperfect

(Chi) Deo aèrepo
(Chi) Tue aères
(Chi) Issu/Issa aèret
(Chi) Nois aerèmus
(Chi) Bois aerèzes
(Chi) Issos/Issas aèren

Past

(Chi) Deo app'àppiu
(Chi) Tue appas àppiu
(Chi) Issu/Issa appat àppiu
(Chi) Nois appamus àppiu
(Chi) Bois appazes àppiu
(Chi) Issos/Issas appan àppiu

Pluperfect

(Chi) Deo aèrep' àppiu
(Chi) Tue aères àppiu
(Chi) Issu/Issa aèret àppiu
(Chi) Nois aerèmus àppiu
(Chi) Bois aerèzes àppiu
(Chi) Issos/Issas aèren àppiu

Conditional

Present

Deo dìo àer
Tue dìas àer
Issu/Issa dìat àer
Nois diàmus àer
Bois diàzes àer
Issos/Issas dìan àer

Past

Deo dìo àer àppiu
Tue dìas àer àppiu
Issu/Issa dìat àer àppiu
Nois diàmus àer àppiu
Bois diàzes àer àppiu
Issos/Issas dìan àer àppiu

Imperative

Present

Appas (tue!)
Appat (issu / issa!)
Appamus (nois!)
Appazes (bois!)
Appan (issos / issas!)

Future

As' àer (tue!)
At' àer (issu / issa!)
Amus' àer (nois!)
Azes' àer (bois!)
An' àer (issos / issas!)

Infinitive

Present

Áer

Past

Áer àppiu

Participle

Áppiu

Gerund

Present

Aènde

Past

Aènde àppiu

DÈPER (Must / To have to)

Indicative

Present

Deo depo
Tue depes or des
Issu/Issa depet or det
Nois depimus or demus
Bois depies or dezis
Issos/Issas depen or den

Imperfect

Deo depìo or dìo
Tue depìas or dìas
Issu/Issa depìat or dìat
Nois depiabàmus or diàmus
Bois depiabàzes or diàzes
Issos/Issas depìan or dìan

Present Perfect

Deo appo dèpiu
Tue as dèpiu
Issu/Issa at dèpiu
Nois amus dèpiu
Bois azes dèpiu
Issos/Issas an dèpiu

Past Perfect

Deo aìo dèpiu
Tue aìas dèpiu
Issu/Issa aìat dèpiu
Nois abamus dèpiu
Bois abazes dèpiu
Issos aìan dèpiu

Future

Deo app' a deper
Tue as a deper
Issu/Issa at a deper
Nois amus a deper
Bois azes a deper
Issos/Issas an a deper

Future Perfect

Deo app' àer dèpiu
Tue as' àer dèpiu
Issu/Issa at' àer dèpiu
Nois amus' àer dèpiu
Bois azes' àer dèpiu
Issos/Issas an' àer dèpiu

Subjunctive

Present

(Chi) Deo depa
(Chi) Tue depas
(Chi) Issu/Issa depat
(Chi) Nois depamus
(Chi) Bois depazes
(Chi) Issos/Issas depan

Imperfect

(Chi) Deo dière
(Chi) Tue dières
(Chi) Issu/Issa dièret
(Chi) Nois dierèmus
(Chi) Bois dierèzes
(Chi) Issos/Issas dièren

Past

(Chi) Deo appa dèpiu
(Chi) Tue appas dèpiu
(Chi) Issu/Issa appat dèpiu
(Chi) Nois appamus dèpiu
(Chi) Bois appazes dèpiu
(Chi) Issos/Issas appan dèpiu

Pluperfect

(Chi) Deo aèrepo dèpiu
(Chi) Tue aères dèpiu
(Chi) Issu/Issa aèret dèpiu
(Chi) Nois aerèmus dèpiu
(Chi) Bois aerèzes dèpiu
(Chi) Issos/Issas aèren dèpiu

Conditional

Present

Deo dìo deper
Tue dìas deper
Issu/Issa dìat deper
Nois diàmus deper
Bois diàzes deper
Issos/Issas dìan deper

Past

Deo dìo àer dèpiu
Tue dìas àer dèpiu
Issu/Issa dìat àer dèpiu
Nois diàmus àer dèpiu
Bois diàzes àer dèpiu
Issos/Issas dìan àer dèpiu

Imperative

Present

Depas (tue!)
Depat (issu / issa!)
Depamus (nois!)
Depazes (bois!)
Depan (issos / issas!)

Future

As a deper (tue!)
At a deper (issu / issa!)
Amus a deper (nois!)
Azes a deper (bois!)
An a deper (issos / issas!)

Infinitive

Present

Dèper

Past

Áer dèpiu

Participle

Dèpiu

Gerund

Present

Depende

Past

Aènde dèpiu

Verbs/All the three conjugations

FIRST CONJUGATION: verbs ending in ~ARE eg: Cantare (to sing / to chant)

Indicative

Present

Deo cànto
Tue càntas
Issu/Issa càntat
Nois cantàmus
Bois cantàes
Issos/Issas càntan

Imperfect

Deo cantàbo
Tue cantàbas
Issu/Issa cantàbat
Nois cantabàmus
Bois cantabàzes
Issos/Issas cantàban

Present Perfect

Deo appo cantàu
Tue as cantàu
Issu/Issa at cantàu
Nois amus cantàu
Bois azes cantàu
Issos/Issas an cantàu

Past Perfect

Deo aìo cantàu
Tue aìas cantàu
Issu/Issa aìat cantàu
Nois abamus cantàu
Bois abazes cantàu
Issos/Issas aìan cantàu

Future

Deo app'a cantàre
Tue as a cantàre
Issu/Issa at a cantàre
Nois amus a cantàre
Bois azes a cantàre
Issos/Issas an a cantàre

Future Perfect

Deo app'àer cantàu
Tue as' àer cantàu
Issu/Issa at' àer cantàu
Nois amus' àer cantàu
Bois azes' àer cantàu
Issos/Issas an' àer cantàu

Subjunctive

Present

(Chi) Deo cànte
(Chi) Tue càntes
(Chi) Issu/Issa càntet
(Chi) Nois cantémus
(Chi) Bois cantézas
(Chi) Issos/Issas cànten

Imperfect

(Chi) Deo cantàrepo
(Chi) Tue cantàres
(Chi) Issu/Issa cantàret
(Chi) Nois cantarémus
(Chi) Bois cantarézes
(Chi) Issos/Issas cantàren

Past

(Chi) Deo appa cantàu
(Chi) Tue appas cantàu
(Chi) Issu/Issa appat cantàu
(Chi) Nois appamus cantàu
(Chi) Bois appazes cantàu
(Chi) Issos/Issas appan cantàu

Pluperfect

(Chi) Deo aèrepo cantàu
(Chi) Tue aères cantàu
(Chi) Issu/Issa aèret cantàu
(Chi) Nois aerémus cantàu
(Chi) Bois aerèzes cantàu
(Chi) Issos/Issas aèren cantàu

Conditional

Present

Deo dìo cantàre
Tue dìas cantàre
Issu/Issa dìat cantàre
Nois diàmus cantàre
Bois diàzes cantàre
Issos/Issas dìan cantàre

Past

Deo dìo àer cantàu
Tue dìas àer cantàu
Issu/Issa dìat àer cantàu
Nois diàmus àer cantàu
Bois diàzes àer cantàu
Issos/Issas dìan àer cantàu

Imperative

Present

Cànta (tue!)
Càntet (issu / issa!)
Cantémus (nois!)
Cantàe (bois!)
Cànten (issos / issas!)

Future

As a cantàre (tue!)
At a cantàre (issu / issa!)
Amus a cantàre (nois!)
Azes a cantàre (bois!)
An a cantàre (issos / issas!)

Infinitive

Present

Cantàre

Past

Áer cantàu

Participle

Cantàu

Gerund

Present

Cantànde

Past

Aènde cantàu

SECOND CONJUGATION: verbs ending in ~ER eg: FÀCHER (to do / to make)

Indicative

Present

Deo fàco
Tue fàches
Issu/Issa fàchet
Nois fachìmus
Bois fachìes
Issos/Issas fàchen

Imperfect

Deo fachìo
Tue fachìas
Issu/Issa fachìat
Nois fachiabàmus
Bois fachiabàzes
Issos/Issas fachìan

Present Perfect

Deo appo fàttu
Tue as fàttu
Issu/Issa at fàttu
Nois amus fàttu
Bois azes fàttu
Issos/Issas an fàttu

Past Perfect

Deo aìo fàttu
Tue aìas fàttu
Issu/Issa aìat fàttu
Nois abamus fàttu
Bois abazes fàttu
Issos aìan fàttu

Future

Deo app' a fàcher
Tue as a fàcher
Issu/Issa at a fàcher
Nois amus a fàcher
Bois azes a fàcher
Issos/Issas an a fàcher

Future Perfect

Deo app' àer fàttu
Tue as' àer fàttu
Issu/Issa at' àer fàttu
Nois amus' àer fàttu
Bois azes' àer fàttu
Issos/Issas an' àer fàttu

Subjunctive

Present

(Chi) Deo fàca
(Chi) Tue fàcas
(Chi) Issu/Issa fàcat
(Chi) Nois facàmus
(Chi) Bois facàzes
(Chi) Issos/Issas fàcan

Imperfect

(Chi) Deo fachérepo
(Chi) Tue fachéres
(Chi) Issu/Issa fachéret
(Chi) Nois facherémus
(Chi) Bois facherézes
(Chi) Issos/Issas fachéren

Past

(Chi) Deo appa fàttu
(Chi) Tue appas fàttu
(Chi) Issu/Issa appat fàttu
(Chi) Nois appamus fàttu
(Chi) Bois appazes fàttu
(Chi) Issos/Issas appan fàttu

Pluperfect

(Chi) Deo aèrepo fàttu
(Chi) Tue aères fàttu
(Chi) Issu/Issa aèret fàttu
(Chi) Nois aerèmus fàttu
(Chi) Bois aerèzes fàttu
(Chi) Issos/Issas aèren fàttu

Conditional

Present

Deo dìo fàcher
Tue dìas fàcher
Issu/Issa dìat fàcher
Nois diàmus fàcher
Bois diàzes fàcher
Issos/Issas dìan fàcher

Past

Deo dìo àer fàttu
Tue dìas àer fàttu
Issu/Issa dìat àer fàttu
Nois diàmus àer fàttu
Bois diàzes àer fàttu
Issos/Issas dìan àer fàttu

Imperative

Present

Fàche (tue!)
Fàcat (issu / issa!)
Facàmus (nois!)
Fachìe (bois!)
Fàcan (issos / issas!)

Future

As a fàcher (tue!)
At a fàcher (issu / issa!)
Amus a fàcher (nois!)
Azes a fàcher (bois!)
An a fàcher (issos / issas!)

Infinitive

Present

Fàcher

Past

Áer fàttu

Participle

Fàttu

Gerund

Present

Fachénde

Past

Aènde fàttu

THIRD CONJUGATION: verbs ending in ~ÌRE eg: FINÌRE (to end / to finish)

Indicative

Present

Deo fìno
Tue fìnis
Issu/Issa fìnit
Nois finìmus
Bois finìes
Issos/Issas fìnin

Imperfect

Deo finìo
Tue finìas
Issu/Issa finìat
Nois finiabàmus
Bois finiabàzes
Issos/Issas finìan

Present Perfect

Deo appo finìu
Tue as finìu
Issu/Issa at finìu
Nois amus finìu
Bois azes finìu
Issos/Issas an finìu

Past Perfect

Deo aìo finìu
Tue aìas finìu
Issu/Issa aìat finìu
Nois abamus finìu
Bois abazes finìu
Issos/Issas aìan finìu

Future

Deo app'a finìre
Tue as a finìre
Issu/Issa at a finìre
Nois amus a finìre
Bois azes a finìre
Issos/Issas an a finìre

Future Perfect

Deo app'àer finìu
Tue as' àer finìu
Issu/Issa at' àer finìu
Nois amus' àer finìu
Bois azes' àer finìu
Issos/Issas an' àer finìu

Subjunctive

Present

(Chi) Deo fìna
(Chi) Tue fìnas
(Chi) Issu/Issa fìnat
(Chi) Nois finàmus
(Chi) Bois finàzes
(Chi) Issos/Issas fìnan

Imperfect

(Chi) Deo finìrepo
(Chi) Tue finìres
(Chi) Issu/Issa finìret
(Chi) Nois finirémus
(Chi) Bois finirézes
(Chi) Issos/Issas finìren

Past

(Chi) Deo appa finìu
(Chi) Tue appas finìu
(Chi) Issu/Issa appat finìu
(Chi) Nois appamus finìu
(Chi) Bois appazes finìu
(Chi) Issos/Issas appan finìu

Pluperfect

(Chi) Deo aèrepo finìu
(Chi) Tue aères finìu
(Chi) Issu/Issa aèret finìu
(Chi) Nois aerémus finìu
(Chi) Bois aerèzes finìu
(Chi) Issos/Issas aèren finìu

Conditional

Present

Deo dìo finìre
Tue dìas finìre
Issu/Issa dìat finìre
Nois diàmus finìre
Bois diàzes finìre
Issos/Issas dìan finìre

Past

Deo dìo àer finìu
Tue dìas àer finìu
Issu/Issa dìat àer finìu
Nois diàmus àer finìu
Bois diàzes àer finìu
Issos/Issas dìan àer finìu

Imperative

Present

Fìni (tue!)
Fìnat (issu / issa!)
Finàmus (nois!)
Finìe (bois!)
Fìnan (issos / issas!)

Future

As a finìre (tue!)
At a finìre (issu / issa!)
Amus a finìre (nois!)
Azes a finìre (bois!)
An a finìre (issos / issas!)

Infinitive

Present

Finìre

Past

Áer finìu

Participle

Finìu

Gerund

Present

Finìnde

Past

Aènde finìu

Verbs/Irregular verbs

A

APÈRRER (to open)

Other verbs such as copèrrer, iscopèrrer etc. are to be conjugated just like this one.

IND.(PRES.): deo apérjo, tue apéris, issu/-a apérit, nois aperímus, bois aperíes, issos/-as apérin

IND.(IMPERF.): deo aperío, tue aperías etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo apérja, (chi) tue apérjas etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): apèri (tue!), aperíe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): apértu

GER.(PRES.): aperìnde

ANDÀRE (to go)

IMPER.(PRES.): bàe (tue!), bàzze (bois!)

B

BÀLER (to be worth)

IND.(PRES.): deo bàzo, tue bàles, issu/-a bàlet, nois balímus, bois balíes, issos/-as bàlen

IND.(IMPERF.): deo balío, tue balías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo bàza, (chi) tue bàzas, (chi) issu/-a bàzat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): bàle (tue!), balíe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): bàfiu

GER.(PRES.): balénde

BÈNNER (to come)

Other verbs such as cumbènner, imbènner, prebènner, etc. are to be conjugated just like this one.

IND.(PRES.): deo bénzo, tue bénis, issu/-a bénit, nois benìmus, bois beníes, issos/-as bènin

IND.(IMPERF.): deo benío, tue benías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo bénza, (chi) tue bénzas, (chi) issu/-a bénzat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): béni (tue!), beníe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): bènniu

GER.(PRES.): benìnde

BÍER (to see)

IND.(PRES.): deo bìo, tue bìes, issu/-a bìet, nois (b)idímus, bois (b)idíes, issos/-as bìen

IND.(IMPERF.): deo bidío, tue bidías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo bìa, (chi) tue bìas, (chi) issu/-a bìat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): bìe (tue!), (b)idíe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): bìdu oppure bìstu

GER.(PRES.): biénde

BÒLER (to want)

IND.(PRES.): deo bòzo, tue bòles, issu/-a bòlet, nois bolímus, bois bolíes, issos/-as bòlen

IND.(IMPERF.): deo bolío, tue bolías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo bòza, (chi) tue bòzas, (chi) issu/-a bòzat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): bòle (tue!), bolíe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): bòfiu

GER.(PRES.): bolénde

C

CHÉRRER (to want)

IND.(PRES.): deo chérjo, tue chéres, issu/-a chéret, nois cherìmus, bois cheríes, issos/-as chéren

IND.(IMPERF.): deo cherío, tue cherías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo chérja, (chi) tue chérjas, (chi) issu/-a chérjat, etc.

PART.(PAST): chérfiu

GER.(PRES.): cherénde

D

DÀRE (to give)

IND.(PRES.): deo dào, tue dàes, issu/-a dàet, nois dàmus, bois dàzes, issos/-as dàen

IND.(IMPERF.): deo dàbo oppure daío, tue dàbas oppure daías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo día, (chi) tue días, (chi) issu/-a díat, (chi) nois diàmus, (chi) bois diàzes, (chi) issos/-as dían

IMPER.(PRES.): dàe (tue!), dàze (bois!)

DÉPER (must / to have to)

Here is the conjugation of this verb in particular.

DÒLER (to hurt)

The conjugation is regular, with the exception of PART.(PAST) which is dòrfiu.

E

F

FÉRRER (to wound)

Other verbs such as offérrer, preférrer, reférrer etc. are to be conjugated just like this one.

IND.(PRES.): deo férjo, tue féris, issu/-a férit, nois ferìmus, bois feríes, issos/-as férin

IND.(IMPERF.): deo ferío, tue ferías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo férja, (chi) tue férjas, (chi) issu/-a férjat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): féri (tue!), feríe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): fértu

GER.(PRES.): ferìnde

G

H

I

ISTÈRRER (to extend)

IND.(PRES.): deo istèrjo, tue isterres, issu/-a isterret, nois isterrímus, bois isterríes, issos/-as isterren

IND.(IMPERF.): deo isterrío, tue isterrías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo istèrja, (chi) tue istèrjas, (chi) issu/-a istèrjat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): isterre (tue!), isterríe (bois!)

L

M

MANTÈNNER (to maintain)

This verb is to be conjugated just like TÈNNER, with the exception of the PART.(PAST) which is mantésu.

MÒRRER (to die)

IND.(PRES.): deo mòrjo, tue mòris, issu/-a mòrit, nois mòrimus, bois mòríes, issos/-as mòrin

IND.(IMPERF.): deo morío, tue morías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo mòrja, (chi) tue mòrjas, (chi) issu/-a mòrjat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): mòri (tue!), moríe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): mòrtu

GER.(PRES.): morìnde

N

NÀRRER (to say)

This verb is particular, in that it belongs to the second conjugation just for the INF.(PRES.); all of the other moods seem to belong to the first one.

IND.(PRES.): deo nàro, tue nàras, issu/-a nàrat, nois nàramus, bois nàraes, issos/-as nàran
or even
deo nàro, tue nàs, issu/-a nàt, nois nàmus, bois nàzes, issos/-as nàn

IND.(IMPERF.): deo nàbo, tue nàbas, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo nìe, (chi) tue nìes, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): nàra (tue!), nàze (bois!)

PART.(PAST): naràu or even nàu

GER.(PRES.): narànde or even nànde

O

P

PÀRRER (to seem)

Other verbs such as appárrer, cumpárrer, iscumpárrer are to be conjugated just like this one.

IND.(PRES.): deo pàrjo, tue pàres, issu/-a pàret, nois parìmus, bois paríes, issos/-as pàren

IND.(IMPERF.): deo parío, tue parías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo pàrja, (chi) tue pàrjas, (chi) issu/-a pàrjat, etc.

PART.(PAST): pàrtu

PÒDER (can)

IND.(PRES.): deo pòtto, tue pòdes, issu/-a pòdet, nois podìmus, bois podíes, issos/-as pòden

IND.(IMPERF.): deo podío, tue podías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo pòda, (chi) tue pòdas, (chi) issu/-a pòdat, etc.

PART.(PAST): pòttiu

PÒNNER (to put)

Other verbs such as cumpònner, dispònner, impònner, propònner etc. are to be conjugated just like this one.

IND.(PRES.): deo pònzo, tue pònes, issu/-a pònet, nois ponìmus, bois poníes, issos/-as pònen

IND.(IMPERF.): deo ponío, tue ponías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo pònza, (chi) tue pònzas, (chi) issu/-a pònzat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): pòne (tue!), poníe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): pòstu

GER.(PRES.): ponénde

Q

R

S

T

TÈNNER (to have)

The following compound verbs are conjugated similarly: astènner, cuntènner, mantènner, trattènner, retènner, sustènner etc.

IND.(PRES.): deo ténzo, tue ténes, issu/-a ténet, nois tenìmus, bois teníes, issos/-as ténen

IND.(IMPERF.): deo tenío, tue tenías, etc.

SUB.(PRES.): (chi) deo ténza, (chi) tue ténzas, (chi) issu/-a ténzat, etc.

IMPER.(PRES.): téne (tue!), teníe (bois!)

PART.(PAST): téntu

GER.(PRES.): tenénde

TRATTÈNNER (to hold)

This verb is to be conjugated just like TÈNNER, with the exception of the PART.(PAST) which is trattésu.

U

V

Z

Interjections

The most basic and common interjections are presented here :

Ajò ! / archaically: Ajòni ! = Come on!

Eja! = Yes!

Emmo! = Yes!

Alé! = Hooray! / Come on! (different from "Ajò"; "Alé" is more "Hooray" than "Come on")

Ello...! = So...!

Uff'! = Phew!

Mah! =

Oh...! = [vocative / to call someone, or in formulation of a question]

Puh! / Putzidda! = Yuck!

Bo'! = Enough! [often preceded by "puntu e"]

Tittía! = It's cold! / What a cold! [often followed by da "bette frittu!", "bette astragu!", "su frittu chi b'at!" etc.]

Pistidda! = [for burning sensation]

Addolumannu! = Unfortunately! [ followed by the possessive to give references , eg. "addolumannu nostru!" or "unfortunately for us!"]

Mudu! = Shit up! (to a boy/man)

Muda! = Shit up! (to a girl/woman)

Innorobona! = Good luck!

Innoromala! = Go to hell!

Arguai! = Woe! (in the sense of "woe betide him who ...")

Iscuru! = Poor guy!

Iscura! = Poor girl/woman!

Pacubene! = [lamentation, sometimes followed by the possessive to give references , eg. "pacubene tuo!"]

Mamma mea! / Ma' Mea! = Oh my!

Oddeu'! / Oddé! = Yikes!

Sa làstima! = What a pity! [often ironic ]

Mancari! = If only... (literally "Maybe!")

Malaittu / -a! = Cursed (be you/him/her/it) [sometimes followed by "chi siat / sian"]

Raju! = Heck!, Wow!

Archibusada! = Wow!

Balla! = Wow!
Bene! = Good!

Marranu / -a! = [to taunt a victim to a duel]

Zée...! / Cée...! = [exclamation of surprise, especially negative]

Colours, months and seasons

Dies (days)

Sa chida (the week)

Sardu	English
Lunis	Monday
Martis	Tuesday
Mércuris	Wednesday
Jòbia	Thursday
Chenàpura	Friday
Sàpadu	Saturday
Dumìnica	Sunday

Festas (holidays)

Sardu	English
Prima di'e Annu	New Year's Day
Pasca de sos tres Res	Epiphany
Pasca de Frores	Pentecost/Whitsunday
Mes'Agustu	Mid-August/feast of the assumption
Pasca 'e Nadale	Christmas
Pasca	Easter

Meses (months)

Sardu	English
Jannàrju	January
Freàrju	February
Màrtu	March
Aprìle	April
Màju	May
Làmpadas	June
Trìbulas	July
Agùstu	August
Capidànne	September
Santu Gabìne	October
Sant'Andrìa	November
Nadàle	December

Istajones (seasons)

Sardu	English
Berànu	Spring
Istíu	Summer
Attùnzu	Fall/Autumn
Ibèrru	Winter

Colores (colours)

Sardu	English
Biancu (archaic: Arbu)	white
Nigheddu	black
Ruju	red
Grogu	yellow
Blu	blue
Biaitu	azure / sky-blue
Birde	green
Aranzu	orange
Tabachìnu	brown
Murru	gray
Rosa	pink