Spanish/Lesson 3
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[edit | edit source]Here are a couple of sentences and short dialogs about people planning/doing leisure activities. Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence.
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As you may see, each verb is bolded. These verbs are conjugated, that is, changed by the person(s) to which they are referring. Notice that subject pronouns are not necessary.
Vocabulary for text
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Regular Verbs
[edit | edit source]Spanish has three different types of regular verbs: -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. The subject pronoun is not necessary and in conversational Spanish it is only used for emphasis. For this lesson, we will omit it. One can still use pronouns, however. The conjugation pattern is the following:
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As one can see, the endings for each person are different. This is similar to other Romance languages, such as Portuguese and Italian (the notable exception is French). This is the reason why we may omit the pronouns while we speak. Remember that sometimes it is best to clarify whether él, ella, or usted is speaking, because they share the same form. However, the context of the rest of the sentence sometimes clarifies this. There are a few steps involved with conjugating a verb. Here are the steps involved:
- Take the ending off of the infinitive. This is either an -ar, -er, or -ir.
- Without the -ar, -er, or -ir, the verb is in its base form.
- Add the appropriate ending to the base of the verb.
Notice that there are only two differences between the conjugations of -er and -ir verbs. The nosotros (4) and vosotros (5) forms are the only differences. Those forms have an "i" in the stem instead of an "e."
Exercise: Regular Verbs
"G" Verbs
[edit | edit source]The verb hacer means to do or to make. Hacer is irregular in the first person singular form (I) of the present tense only. The irregular form is hago. Hacer is one of the many verbs in Spanish which add a "g" in the first person singular of the verb. This is the present indicative of the verb hacer.
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Note that the verb hacer is translated as to do and to make when
referring to activities. But it can also be used to talk
about some weather conditions:
| El Tiempo | The Weather |
|---|---|
| Hace buen tiempo. | The weather is good. |
| Hace mal tiempo. | The weather is bad. |
| Hace frío. (also: Está frío) | It's cold. |
| Hace fresco. | It's chilly. |
| Hace calor. | It's hot. |
| Hace sol. | It's sunny. |
| Hace nublado. | It's cloudy. |
| Hace viento. | It's windy. |
But:
| El Tiempo | The Weather |
|---|---|
| Está fresco. | It's chilly. |
| Está caluroso. | It's hot. |
| Hay sol/está soleado. | It's sunny. |
| Hay nubes/está nublado. | It's cloudy. |
| Hay viento/está ventoso. | It's windy. |
When speaking about the weather using hacer, the Ud. form (third singular form) is always used.
El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los días (Days)
[edit | edit source]| Los dias de la semana | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
| el lunes | el martes | el miércoles | el jueves | el viernes | el sábado | el domingo |
Audio: OGG (157KB)
- The Spanish week begins on Monday (el lunes), unlike the English week (which begins on Sunday/el domingo).
Una fiesta
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Una fiesta entre amigos. Nosotros bailamos y lo pasamos bien en el jardín de esta casa.
A party among friends. We dance and enjoy ourselves in the patio (garden) of this house.