Spanish/Lessons/¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?

Geometría

Lesson 2 — ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?

Pico Aneto, in the Pyrenees.

Dialogue

Raúl: ¡Hola, Sofía! Me llamo Raúl. ¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?

Sofía: Hola, Raúl. Hoy es el diecisiete de octubre.

Raúl: Muchas gracias. Mi cumpleaños es el viernes.

Sofía: ¡Feliz cumpleaños!

Raúl: Gracias. ¿Cuántos años tienes?

Sofía: Tengo veinte años.

Raúl: Vale. Adiós, Sofía.

Sofía: ¡Hasta luego!

Translation (wait until the end of the lesson).

The numbers

0.	Cero
1.	Uno	11.	Once	21.	Veintiuno	31.	Treinta y uno	50.	Cincuenta	600.	Seiscientos
2.	Dos	12.	Doce	22.	Veintidós	32.	Treinta y dos	60.	Sesenta	700.	Setecientos
3.	Tres	13.	Trece	23.	Veintitrés	33.	Treinta y tres	70.	Setenta	800.	Ochocientos
4.	Cuatro	14.	Catorce	24.	Veinticuatro	34.	Treinta y cuatro	80.	Ochenta	900.	Novecientos
5.	Cinco	15.	Quince	25.	Veinticinco	35.	Treinta y cinco	90.	Noventa	1,000.	Mil
6.	Seis	16.	Dieciséis	26.	Veintiséis	36.	Treinta y seis	100.	Cien	2,000.	Dos mil
7.	Siete	17.	Diecisiete	27.	Veintisiete	37.	Treinta y siete	200.	Doscientos	10,000.	Diez mil
8.	Ocho	18.	Dieciocho	28.	Veintiocho	38.	Treinta y ocho	300.	Trescientos	100,000.	Cien mil
9.	Nueve	19.	Diecinueve	29.	Veintinueve	39.	Treinta y nueve	400.	Cuatrocientos	101,000.	Ciento un mil
10.	Diez	20.	Veinte	30.	Treinta	40.	Cuarenta	500.	Quinientos	1,000,000.	Un millón

Notes

• To form the numbers from thirty to one hundred, you take the multiple of ten below it, then y, then its units value:

"54" Cincuenta y cuatro Like, fifty and four

"72" Setenta y dos Like, seventy and two

"87" Ochenta y siete Like, eighty and seven

• To say one hundred you say just cien, never un cien. To form the numbers from one hundred to two hundred, you turn cien into ciento before adding the rest of the number:

"101" Ciento uno

"128" Ciento veintiocho

"150" Ciento cincuenta

"199" Ciento noventa y nueve

• For numbers between 200 and 900, use the plural "s" (doscientos, ochocientos). Also beware of the usage of these numbers with feminine nouns like the old Spanish currency "peseta". You need to use the feminine agreement then: doscientas pesetas. That agreement has to be observed even when it's in the middle of the number: doscientas veinticinco pesetas.

• When used before a masculine noun, uno becomes un; before a feminine noun, una. To preserve the stress on the last syllable, veintiuno acquires an acute accent when it becomes veintiún before a masculine noun. Note the same mechanism in operation when writing 16 (diez + seis) = dieciséis or 22 (veinte + dos) = veintidós.

• Spanish uses the long count style:

1,000,000,000 mil millones / un millardo (less common)

1,000,000,000,000 un billón

1,000,000,000,000,000 mil billones / un billardo (rare)

1,000,000,000,000,000,000 un trillón

1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 mil trillones / un trillardo (rare)

1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 un cuatrillón

The rule of thumb is to count how many "millions" are in the digits:

1 (000 000) (000 000) (000 000) is un trillón, because there are three ("tri") multiples of millions.

• Longer numbers:

12,521,008,867,121,403,051 Doce trillones quinientos veintiún mil ocho billones ochocientos sesenta y siete mil ciento veintiún millones cuatrocientos tres mil cincuenta y uno

68,076,564,322,676,958,606 Sesenta y ocho trillones setenta y seis mil quinientos sesenta y cuatro billones trescientos veintidós mil seiscientos setenta y seis millones novecientos cincuenta y ocho mil seiscientos seis

Note that the words millones, billones, trillones are written in plural, but mil (thousand) is always kept in singular, even when counting several thousands. However, if you need to refer to an amount in several thousands without specifying how many, you can use the plural miles (He escrito miles de cartas = I've written thousands of letters). For this same purpose, you can use the synonym millares.

Similarly, there is the plural cientos (He escrito cientos de cartas = I've written hundreds of letters). Centenas and centenares are less common synonyms for cientos.

All those synonyms have forms in singular (Un millar de cartas = One thousand letters; Una centena / Un centenar de cartas = One hundred letters). These synonyms are not used for actually counting, though.

There is also decena, which means a group of ten.

Examples

• Tengo diecisiete gatos

  I have 17 cats.

• Hay treinta y cinco aulas

  There are 35 classrooms.

• Tengo noventa y seis primos.

  I have 96 cousins.

• Hay once estudiantes en la clase de español.

  There are 11 students in the spanish class.

• ¡Quiero un caramelo!

  I want a candy!

• ¡Quiero uno!

  I want one!

To declare the presence or existence of something (e.g. "there is," "there are"), Spanish uses hay, which is a special conjugation of the verb haber (to have). Its past form ("there was," "there were") is hubo. Another form in the past (meaning roughly "there used to be") is había. Its future form ("there will be") is habrá. All these forms are invariable in singular and plural: Había un gato aquí, Había dos gatos aquí. Attempting to construct plural forms of them ("habían", "habrán") is a very common error and is severely frowned upon.

Go to the exercises.

How old are you?

To ask someone else's age in Spanish, use Cuántos años, then one of the entries in the table below (¿Cuántos años tienes? means "How old are you?", or more literally, "How many years do you have?")

To say your age in Spanish, you use the irregular verb tener (which means "to have"), then your age, then años (which means "years"). For example, Tengo trece años means "I have 13 years" or "I am 13 years old".

Spanish Verb • ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? Tener To have
Inglés	Español
I have	(Yo) Tengo
You (familiar, singular) have	(Tú) Tienes
He/She/You (formal, singular)/It has	(Él/Ella/Usted) Tiene
We have	(Nosotros) Tenemos
You (familar, plural) have	(Vosotros) Tenéis
They/You (formal, plural) have	(Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes) Tienen

Note

• "Tenéis" would only be used in Spain. In Latin America, one would use "Tienen" for both the second and third plural persons.

Examples

• Tengo veinte años

  I am 20 years old.

• ¿Cuántos años tienes?

  How old are you?

• Tiene ochenta y siete años.

  He is 87 years old.

• ¿Cuántos años tienen?

  How old are they?

Go to the exercises.

What's the date today?

To ask for the date in Spanish, you use ¿Cuál es la fecha? or ¿Qué día es hoy? (meaning "What is the date?", or "What day is today?"). In reply, you would say Hoy es [day of the week], [date of the month] de [month of the year] (For example, Hoy es martes veinticinco de mayo is "Today is Tuesday, the 25th of May").

Spanish Vocabulary • ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? Los meses del año The months of the year Inglés Español January enero February febrero March marzo April abril May mayo June junio July julio August agosto September septiembre October octubre November noviembre December diciembre

Spanish Vocabulary • ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? Los días de la semana The days of the week Inglés Español Monday lunes Tuesday martes Wednesday miércoles Thursday jueves Friday viernes Saturday sábado Sunday domingo

Notes

• Neither days of the week nor months of the year are capitalised, unless at the beginning of sentences.
• On the first of the month, some Spanish speakers say primero [First] (Hoy es domingo primero de enero).
• You may still find the spelling setiembre in books from the early 20th century. It emerged from the way some countries pronounce the consonants in it. This spelling is not standard usage and you should avoid using it.

Examples

• ¿Qué fecha es hoy? (¿A qué estamos? is used too.)

  What is the date?

• Hoy es miércoles veintinueve de septiembre.

  Today is Wednesday, the 29th of September

• Hoy es jueves quince de agosto.

  Today is Thursday, the 15th of August.

• Hoy es sábado dos de enero.

  Today is Saturday, the 2nd of January.

Go to the exercises.

When's your birthday?

Although birthday translates as cumpleaños, they do not imply the same exact meaning. In English, birthday literally refers to the day of your birth, so it is possible to wish happy birthday to a newborn. In Spanish, cumpleaños literally means "completing a year" and is only used for the day in subsequent years that matches the date on which you were born. Thus, you would never say "feliz cumpleaños" to a newborn, since he still hasn't "completed a year."

Spanish Vocabulary • ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? Cumpleaños Birthday
Inglés	Español
When is your birthday?	¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
My birthday is	Mi cumpleaños es
On the first of May	El primero de mayo
On Wednesday	El miércoles
Happy birthday!	¡Feliz cumpleaños!

Examples

• Mi cumpleaños es el once de julio.

  My birthday is on the 11th of July.

• Mi cumpleaños es el ocho de diciembre.

  My birthday is on the 8th of December.

• ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?

  When is your birthday?

• Mi cumpleaños es el sábado.

  My birthday is on Saturday.

Go to the exercises.

Summary

In this lesson, you have learned:

• How to count from cero to one septillion (cero; veintiocho; noventa; cien; un cuatrillón)
• The days of the week (lunes; miércoles; viernes)
• The months of the year (enero; abril; octubre; diciembre)
• How to say your age (Tengo cuarenta años)
• How to ask the age of others (¿Cuántos años tienes?)
• How to say today's date (Hoy es jueves veintinueve de noviembre)
• How to say your birthday (Mi cumpleaños es el primero de agosto; mi cumpleaños es el martes)
• How to ask the birthday of others (¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?)

You should now do the exercise related to each section (found here), and translate the dialogue at the top before moving on to lesson 3...