Tyap/Nouns

Noun/Lilyoot

Difinition and Types

A noun is a word that identifies a person, place, animal, things, abstract idea etc.

Types

The types of noun include:

A. Proper noun:

Begins with a capital letter. It identifies:

Person:Dawali, Chechet, Dangana, Jatau, Agwam etc.
Place: Zongon Kataf, Zonkwa etc.
Institutions: ACDA, TLC etc.
Months and Days: Zwat Tsat, A̱tuk Ladi (ka) etc.

B. Common noun:

They don't start with capital letter.It refers to general names of person, place etc.

Person:nggoneam, nggoseam, atyoli, ayang
Animal: akwi, abwu, zwon etc.
Things:ali, byin, kwatak, kurum, alaujyi, bung etc

C. Abstract noun:

They do not have physical attribute e.g. mai, di, chat(love), dyep(praise), fwei, twei(cry) etc.

D. Concrete noun:

They can be seen and touched e.g achiyang(basket), tong(honey), bokiti(bucket), tawud(towel),tebru/table, alaunjyi(sickle), akwatak(shoe).

E. Uncounotable(mass)noun:

They can't be Pluralised.They are usually singular e.g. kurum(money), za(rain), Atyoka (man), gamun(mosquito), Z(w)on (goat) etc.

F. Countable noun:

They can be counted and exist as singular and plural.

Examples:

S/N	SINGULAR	PLURAL
1	Anyung	Anyunyung
2	Ali	Akasa
3	Atyem	Tityem
4	Ngoneam	Akaneam
5	Alade	Ayalade
6	Bwak	Mbwak
7	Abaai	Akabaai
8	Nggwon	Mman
9	Tak	Atitak
10	Acheang	Akacheang

We can also classify Tyap noun plurals into regular and irregular.

Noun Formation(Bwoi A̱lyoot):

In this chapter, we shall view the various ways of forming nouns from verbs and adjectives.

Nouns can be formed from verbs:

(A) By adding the prefix "a̱-"

Examples:

S/N	WORD	NOUN FORMED
1	bwom	a̱bwom
2	lyiat	a̱lyiat
3	khwo	a̱khwo
4	bwok	a̱bwok
5	kpang	a̱kpang
6	tyia‌	a̱tyia

The nouns formed above may refer to both living and non-living targets and situations.

(B) By adding the prefix "ka-"

Examples:

S/N	WORD	NOUN FORMED
1	jang	kajang
2	shei	kashei
3	kwok	kakwok
4	lyiat	kalyiat
5	kyiak	kakyiak
6	sang	kasang

These nouns formed are mostly used in reference to living beings, in contrast to situations or non-living objects. Nevertheless, where the situation warrants, they are used!)

(C) Nouns can be formed from adjectives by removing the first "a̱":

Examples:

S/N	WORD	NOUN FORMED
1	a̱sham	sham
2	a̱tsatsak	tsatsak
3	a̱gi̱gi̱k	gi̱gi̱k
4	a̱tswotswat	tswotswat
5	a̱pa̱mpang	pa̱mpang
6	a̱sa̱t	sa̱t

(D) Nouns can also be formed by placing the noun antecedent "a̱tyu" as a prefix before a verb.

The nouns formed using "a̱tyu" can only be used to refer to humans.

Examples:

S/N	WORD	NOUN FORMED
1	tyiet	a̱tyutyiet
2	gba	a̱tyugba
2	lyuut	a̱tyulyuut
3	cham	a̱tyucham
4	luk	a̱tyuluk
5	khap	a̱tyukhap
6	myiam	a̱tyumyiam

(E) Nouns or noun phrases may also be formed using noun antecedents such as "kyang" and "swat" before other nouns.

Examples:

S/N	WORD	NOUN FORMED
1	chet	kyangchet
2	chung	kyangchung
3	a‌nyin	swat a‌nyin
4	a‌tyia‌	swat a‌tyia‌
5	fang	kyangfang
6	a‌yang	swat a‌yang

(F) Lastly, nouns can be realized by placing verbs such as "yet"and "ya" to act as antecedents before an adjective or adverb.

Examples:

S/N	WORD	NOUN FORMED
1	a̱tswotswat	yet a̱tswotswat
2	a̱tan	yet a̱tan
3	fwuang	ya fwuang
4	a̱swon	ya a̱swon

NOTE: There are words which on their own serve as both verbs and nouns with removing or adding anything to from or to them. Example: Fang, lyuut, nwuan, etc.

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