Prove the following version of the Riemann-Lebesque Lemma: Let . Prove in detail that
as
Here denotes a positive integer. You may use any of a variety of techniques, but you cannot simply cite another version of the Riemann-Lebesque Lemma.
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Note that
.
Hence we can equivalently show
as
Let
be a step function.
as
Since
, then
Hence, given
, there exists
such that
Let be an increasing sequence of positive integers. Show that has measure 0.
Notes: You may take it as granted that the above set is measurable.
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For the sake of brevity, let S be the set of such x. If S has positive measure, then it contains a subset of positive measure on which liminf[sin(nkx)] is bounded below by some positive constant; ie, the integral of liminf[sin(nkx)] over S will be positive. If S has zero measure, then the same integral will be zero. Thus, we must only compute an appropriate integral to show that m(S)=0.
Since we do not know that S has finite measure, take a sequence of functions fk(x)=2-|x|*sin(nkx), each of which is clearly integrable. By Fatou's lemma, the integral of liminf[fk(x)] over S <= the liminf of the integrals of fk(x) over S. However, each fk is the L1 function 2-|x|*sin(nkx). By the Riemann-Lebesgue Lemma, this goes to 0 as nk goes to infinity.
Hence our original integral of a strictly positive function over S is bounded above by 0, so m(S)=0.
Suppose , where . Show that .
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Let
then we can write
Hence
.
Let ,
(a) Show that is differentiable a.e. and find .
(b) Is absolutely continuous on closed bounded intervals ?
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Look at the difference quotient:
We can justify bringing the limit inside the integral. This is because for every
,
. Hence, our integrand is bounded by
and hence is
for all
. Then by Lebesgue Dominated Convergence, we can take the pointwise limit of the integrand. to get
It is easy to show that
is bounded (specifically by
) which implies that
is Lipschitz continuous which implies that it is absolutely continuous.