USMLE Step 1 Review/Free association

Clinical - Free Association

Proud Dead Guys and Other Diseases

a

• Addison’s Disease - primary adrenocortical deficiency
  
• Addisonian Anemia - pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells - IF - Vit B12 - macrocytic non-megaloblastic anemia)
  
• Albright’s Syndrome - polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls
  
• Alport’s Syndrome - hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness, Type 4 collagen defect (basement membranes)
  
• Alzheimer’s - progressive dementia; tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles, apolipoprotein E4 allele, narrow gyri and wide sulci (atrophy), occipital sparing, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, plaques in hippocampus and cortex,  Acetylcholine, Hiramo bodies (inrtacellular inclusion bodies in hippocampal cells)
  
• Argyll-Robertson Pupil - loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
• “Prostitute’s Eye” - accommodates but does not react

• Pathognomonic for Tertiary Syphilis
  
• Arnold-Chiari Malformation - cerebellar tonsil herniation
  

b

• Barrett’s esophagus- columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma)
  
• Bartter’s Syndrome - hyperreninemia
  
• Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy - similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
  
• Bell’s Palsy - CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
  
• Berger’s Disease - IgA nephropathy
  
• Bernard-Soulier Disease - defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of von willenbrand factor receptor GP 1b platelet-surface glycoprotein)
  
• Berry Aneurysm - circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed),often associated with ADPKD
  
• Bowen’s Disease - carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)
  
• Briquet’s Syndrome - somatization disorder,psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology
  
• Broca’s Aphasia - Motor Aphasia intact comprehension
  

Bronchiolitis RSV

• Brown-Sequard - hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)
  
• Bruton’s Disease - X-linked agammaglobinemia
  
• Budd-Chiari - post-hepatic venous thrombosis
  
• Buerger’s Disease - acute inflammation of small, medium arteries * painful ischemia * gangrene * Japan * smoking
  
• Burkitt’s Lymphoma - small noncleaved cell lymphoma,EBV,8:14 translocation
  

c

• Caisson Disease - gas emboli
  
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Median nerve entrapment in the Carpel tunnel
  
• Chagas’ Disease - Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achalasia
  
• Chediak-Higashi Disease - Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy• repeated infections
  
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 21-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt loss, hypotension
• 11-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt retention, hypertension
  
• Conn’s Syndrome - primary aldosteronism
  
• Cori’s Disease - glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
  
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - prion infection * cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
  
• Crigler-Najjar Syndrome - congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated),self mutilation,glucuronyl transferase deficiency
  
• Crohn’s • IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas

(contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, * colon cancer risk)

• Croup - Parainfluenza
  
• Curling’s Ulcer - acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
  
• Cushing’s Disease - hypercorticism 2* to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
• Cushing's Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1* adrenal or ectopic)
  
• Cushing’s Ulcer - acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
  

d

• de Quervain’s Thyroiditis - self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
  
• DiGeorge’s Syndrome - thymic hypoplasia * T-cell deficiency,hypoparathyroidism
  
• Doll's Eyes - patient comatose with intact brain stem, eyes remain fixed and seem to move opposite the movement of the head
  
• Down’s Syndrome - trisomy 21 or translocation
  
• Dressler’s Syndrome - Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
  
• Dubin-Johnson Syndrome - congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated),striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
  
• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - deficiency of dystrophin protein, MD X-linked recessive
  

e

• Edwards’ Syndrome - trisomy 18,rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease
  
• Ehler’s-Danlos - defective collagen
  
• Eisenmenger’s Complex - late cyanotic shunt (R to L) pulmonary HTN & RVH secondary to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
  
• Erb-Duchenne Palsy - trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip
  
• Ewing Sarcoma - undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone. Translocation (11;22)
  
• Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ on glans penis
  

f

• Fanconi Syndrome - impaired proximal tubular reabsorption secondary to lead poisoning or Tetracycline.

Useful Websites

• Pixorize: USMLE Step 1 Mnemonics