Wikijunior:Big Cats/Snow leopard

Snow leopards dare to live where icy gales would freeze a human's blood in minutes. Their bodies are adapted to survive and thrive in an icy wilderness of breathtaking beauty and great danger. Until recently, no one had photographed a snow leopard in the wild.The first ever close-up pictures taken by humans were made by program Planet Earth, although very few people have had the privilege of seeing a snow leopard in its native habitat, much less taking its picture. The snow leopards seem to like it that way – they avoid humans with amazing skill. Their fur contains swirls of gray and black, much like the colors of the rocky outcrops where they live. This coloration provides such good camouflage that a snow leopard can seem to disappear just by staying still.

Where do snow leopards live?

Snow leopards live in the high mountains of China and Central Asia, particularly throughout the Himalayas. They typically have a hunting range or territory of 100 square miles (260 square km), because very few prey animals live in the harsh, mountain habitat that is home to the snow leopard.

In contrast to most of the inhabited regions, population of the snow leopard in Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh is increasing. Snow leopards can survive in very harsh conditions. They also live in snowy plains and Tundras

What do snow leopards look like?

Snow leopards have grey-and-white fur with long tails and rosettes on the flanks and spots on the head and neck, like jaguars. This color resembles the rocks and snow of their environment and helps them stalk their prey. Their tails are unusually long, thickly furred, and striped. Their paws are covered in fur to keep them warm and to act like snowshoes. During blizzards, they wrap their tail around their face, using it like a muff, to keep warm. Their eyes are round in shape, ranging from pale green to grey in colour. Male snow leopards weigh between 90-115 pounds (40-52 kg), and females weigh between 75-90 pounds (34-40 kg).

What do snow leopards eat, and how do they catch their prey?

Snow leopards eat almost anything they can catch, often hunting animals three times their size. Their main sources of food include wild sheep and goats, pikas, hares, and game birds. In the summer, they eat mostly smaller prey, such as marmots. At other times their prey includes wild boars, gazelles, markhor, Bobak, tahr, ibex, bharal, mice, and deer. The male and female snow leopards have slightly different food that they eat. They stalk their prey and usually begin their attack when they are 20 to 50 feet (6-15 m) away.

The snow leopard's broad paws act as snowshoes and give them traction as they chase their prey across the stone, snow, and icy surfaces. They are at their best when they can run across the hard, icy crusts that form above banks of deep snow while their hooved prey breaks through the crust, getting mired in the soft, underlying snow.

Fun facts

Snow leopards will attack prey weighing four times as much as themselves.
The large, thickly furred paws of the snow leopard act as built-in snowshoes.
Snow leopards have the thickest fur of all cats
Unlike most other big cats such as the lion, snow leopards cannot roar.
Snow leopards can run across rocky stone surfaces to get to their prey.
Their unusually long tail helps maintain balance in the rocky terrains
China is said to hold 60% of the snow leopard population—mostly along its far western border and across the Himalayas.
Snow Leopard light fur colour and design is used for camouflage in the mountains
They are almost extinct.
Although concentrated mostly in Central Asia, they have a widespread distribution. They are also found in countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan Afghanistan, China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Russia.
They prefer living in ridges, cliffs and rock outcrops. These locations are convenient because they provide camouflage for stalking and sneaking up on prey.
Although they share a similar name and appearance with the common leopard (Panthera pardus), genetic studies have suggested that snow leopards are more closely related to the tiger (Panthera tigris).
Despite the genetic similarities with tigers, snow leopards cannot roar. Instead, they chuff, growl, hiss, mew, and wail.

The classifications of the Snow Leopard

Kingdom; Animalia (Animal, not plant or fungi)

Phylum: Chordata (Animals with backbones)

Class: Mammalia (Have backbones, nourished with milk from young)

Order: Carnivora (Only eat meat)

Family: Felidae (Biological family of cats)

Genus: Panthera (Large felines from African and Asian forests)

Scientific name/Species: Panthera uncia

For more information

Wikipedia: Snow Leopard

WWF wildlife

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