Wildlife Gardening/Location/West Virginia/Lepidoptera

Family Hesperiidae (skippers)

Achalarus lyciades (hoary edge) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Amblyscirtes vialis (common roadside-skipper) Adult, dorsal view.
Anatrytone logan (Delaware skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Ancyloxypha numitor (least skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Atalopedes campestris (sachem)Adult female, ventral view of wings.
Atalopedes campestris (sachem)Adult male, ventral view of wings.
Atrytonopsis hianna (dusted skipper) Adult, dorsal view.
Autochton cellus (golden-banded skipper) Adult, dorsal view.
Epargyreus clarus (silver-spotted skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Erynnis brizo (sleepy duskywing) Mating, dorsal view.
Erynnis horatius (Horace's duskywing) Adult, dorsal view.
Erynnis icelus (dreamy duskywing) Adult, dorsal view.
Erynnis juvenalis (Juvenal's duskywing) Adult, dorsal view.
Erynnis lucilius (columbine duskywing) Adult, dorsal view.
Erynnis martialis (mottled duskywing)
Erynnis persius (persius duskywing) Adult, dorsal view.
Euphyes bimacula (two-spotted skipper)
Euphyes vestris (dun skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Hesperia leonardus (Leonard's skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Hesperia metea (cobweb skipper)
Hesperia sassacus (Indian skipper) Adult, posterior view.
Hylephila phyleus (fiery skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Lerema accius (clouded skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Panoquina ocola (ocola skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Pholisora catullus (common sootywing) Adult, dorsal view.
Poanes hobomok (Hobomok skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Poanes zabulon Adult female, ventral view of wings.
Poanes zabulon Adult male, ventral view of wings.
Polites mystic (long dash skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Polites origenes (crossline skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Polites peckius (Peck's skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Polites themistocles (tawny-edged skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Polites vibex (whirlabout) Adult male, ventral view of wings.
Pompeius verna (little glassywing) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Pyrgus centaureae (grizzled skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Pyrgus communis (common checkered-skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Staphylus hayhurstii (Hayhurst's Scallopwing) Adult, dorsal view.
Thorybes bathyllus (southern cloudywing) Adult, dorsal view.
Thorybes confusis (confused cloudywing)
Thorybes pylades (northern cloudywing) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Thymelicus lineola (European skipper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Urbanus proteus (long-tailed skipper) Adult, dorsal view.

Family Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged butterflies)

Atlides halesus (great purple hairstreak) Adult, dorsal view (left) and ventral view.
Callophrys augustinus (brown elfin) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Callophrys irus (frosted elfin) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Callophrys gryneus (juniper hairstreak) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Callophrys henrici (Henry's elfin) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Callophrys niphon (eastern pine elfin) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Callophrys polios (hoary elfin)
Calycopis cecrops (red-banded hairstreak) Adult in dorsal view (left) and ventral view.
Celastrina ladon (spring azure) Adult, dorsal view.
Celastrina ladon (spring azure) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Celastrina neglectamajor (Appalachian azure)
Celastrina nigra (dusky azure)
Cupido comyntas (eastern tailed blue) Adult, dorsal view.
Cupido comyntas (eastern tailed blue) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Erora laeta (early hairstreak)
Feniseca tarquinius (harvester) Adult, posterior view.
Feniseca tarquinius (harvester) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Glaucopsyche lygdamus (silvery blue) Adult, dorsal view.
Glaucopsyche lygdamus (silvery blue) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Lycaena epixanthe (bog copper) Adult, anterodorsal view.
Lycaena hyllus (bronze copper) Adult, dorsal view.
Lycaena hyllus (bronze copper) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Lycaena phlaeas (American copper) Adult, dorsal view.
Satyrium calanus (banded hairstreak) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Satyrium caryaevorum (hickory hairstreak)
Satyrium edwardsii (Edwards' hairstreak) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Satyrium liparops (striped hairstreak) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Satyrium titus (coral hairstreak) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Strymon melinus (gray hairstreak) Adult, dorsal view.
Strymon melinus (gray hairstreak) Adult, ventral view of wings.

Family Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies)

Aglais milberti (Milbert's tortoiseshell) Adult, dorsal view.
Asterocampa celtis (hackberry emperor) Adult, dorsal view.
Asterocampa clyton (tawny emperor)Adult, dorsal view.
Boloria bellona (meadow fritillary) Adult, dorsal view.
Boloria selene (silver-bordered fritillary) Adult female, dorsal view.
Cercyonis pegala (common wood-nymph) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Chlosyne gorgone (gorgone checkerspot) Adult, dorsal view.
Chlosyne harrisii (Harris' checkerspot) Adult, dorsal view.
Chlosyne nycteis (silvery checkerspot) Adult, dorsal view.
Cyllopsis gemma (gemmed satyr) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Danaus plexippus (monarch) Adult male, dorsal view.
Enodia anthedon (northern pearly-eye) Adult, dorsal view.
Euphydryas phaeton (Baltimore checkerspot) Adult, dorsal view.
Euptoieta claudia (variegated fritillary) Adult, dorsal view.
Hermeuptychia sosybius (Carolina satyr) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Junonia coenia (common buckeye) Adult, dorsal view.
Libytheana carinenta (American snout) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Limenitis archippus (viceroy) Adult, dorsal view.
Limenitis arthemis (red-spotted purple) Adult, dorsal view.
Limenitis arthemis (red-spotted purple) Adult, dorsal view.
Megisto cymela (little wood satyr) Adult, dorsal view.
Nymphalis antiopa (mourning cloak) Adult, dorsal view.
Nymphalis vaualbum (Compton tortoiseshell) Adult, dorsal view.
Phyciodes batesii (tawny crescent) Adult, dorsal view.
Phyciodes cocyta (northern crescent) Adult, dorsal view.
Phyciodes tharos (pearl crescent) Adult, dorsal view.
Polygonia c-album (comma) Adult, dorsal view.
Polygonia comma (eastern comma) Adult, dorsal view.
Polygonia faunus (green comma) Adult, dorsal view (left) and ventral view.
Polygonia interrogationis (question mark) Adult, dorsal view.
Polygonia progne (gray comma) Adult, dorsal view.
Satyrodes appalachia (Appalachian brown) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Satyrodes eurydice (eyed brown) Adult, dorsal view.
Speyeria atlantis (Atlantis fritillary) Adult, dorsal view.
Speyeria cybele (great spangled fritillary) Adult, dorsal view.
Speyeria diana (diana fritillary) Adult male, dorsal view.
Speyeria idalia (regal fritillary) Adult, dorsal view.
Vanessa atalanta (red admiral) Adult, dorsal view.
Vanessa cardui (painted lady) Adult, dorsal view.
Vanessa virginiensis (American painted lady) Adult, dorsal view.

Family Papilionidae (swallowtails)

Battus philenor (pipevine swallowtail) Adult, dorsal view.
Papilio canadensis (Canadian tiger swallowtail) Adult, dorsal view.
Papilio cresphontes (giant swallowtail) Adult, dorsal view.
Papilio glaucus (eastern tiger swallowtail) Adult female, dorsal view of wings.
Papilio glaucus (eastern tiger swallowtail) Adult female dark morph, mimic of the pipevine swallowtail (Battus philenor), dorsal view.
Papilio polyxenes (black swallowtail) Adult male, dorsal view.
Papilio troilus (spicebush swallowtail) Adult male, dorsal view.
Protographium marcellus (zebra swallowtail) Adult, dorsal view.

Family Pieridae

Anthocharis midea (falcate orangetip)Adult female, dorsal view.
Anthocharis midea (falcate orangetip) Adult female, dorsal view.
Colias eurytheme (orange sulphur) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Colias interior (pink-edged sulphur)Adult, ventral view of wings.
Colias philodice (clouded sulphur) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Euchloe olympia (Olympia marble) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Eurema lisa (little yellow) Adult female, ventral view of wings.
Eurema nicippe (sleepy orange) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Phoebis sennae (cloudless sulphur) Adult male, ventral view of wings.
Pieris rapae (cabbage white) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Pieris virginiensis (West Virginia white) Adult, ventral view of wings.
Pontia protodice (checkered white) Adult female, dorsal view.

Family Riodinidae

Calephelis borealis (northern metalmark) Adult, dorsal view.

Family Hesperiidae (skippers)

Achalarus

Achalarus lyciades (hoary edge)

Desmodium- preferred
Baptisia tinctoria- possible
Lespedeza- possible

Nectar et al:

Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Apocynum Asclepias syriaca All pref^

Lonicera japonica

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Amblyscirtes

Amblyscirtes hegon (pepper and salt skipper)

Glyceria striata Poa pratensis Sorghastrum nutans Uniola latifolia

Nectar et al:

Viburnum Rubus Erigeron soil dung

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Amblyscirtes vialis (common roadside-skipper)

Poa Uniola latifolia Agrostis Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

low flowers

Viola pedata Phlox Potentilla Verbena hastata Prunella vulgaris Draba Blephilia

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Anatrytone

Anatrytone logan (Delaware skipper)

Andropogon Panicum virgatum Possibly other grasses

Nectar et al:

prefs white or pink flowrs Asclepias Cephalanthus occidentalis Mentha Cirsium

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Ancyloxypha

Ancyloxypha numitor (least skipper)

Leersia oryzoides Poa

Nectar et al:

low plants w small flowers Oxalis Cichorium Trifolium Apocynum Cephalanthus

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Atalopedes

Atalopedes campestris (sachem)

Digitaria- pref Eleusine indica- pref

Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Trifolium Mentha Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium Aster Tagetes-pref

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Atrytonopsis

Atrytonopsis hianna (dusted skipper)

Andropogon scoparius-pref Andropogon gerardii

Nectar et al:

Trif red and white Fragaria Rubus Phlox

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Autochton

Autochton cellus (golden-banded skipper)

Amphicarpa bactreata

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Rubus Hydrangea arborescens

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Epargyreus

Epargyreus clarus (silver-spotted skipper)

Robinia pseudoacacia- young shoots, preferred host
Gleditsia triacanthos
Desmodium
Apios americana
Lespedeza
Pueraria lobata

Nectar et al:

prefs pink red or purp flowers and white to lessr degre prefs: Vernonia Eupatorium Trifolium Apocynum

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Erynnis

E baptisiae

Baptisia tinctoria preferred Coronilla varia B australis Lupinus

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Rubus Trif red white

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Erynnis brizo (sleepy duskywing)

Quercus ilicifolia- preferred other Q species less preferred Castanea dentata

Nectar et al:

soil Vaccinium Rhododendron Cercis canadensis Rubus Taraxacum

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Erynnis horatius (Horace's duskywing)

Quecus rubra- preferred Q ilicifolia- preferred Q stellata- preferred other white oaks

Nectar et al:

prefs white yellow flowers Apocynum Mentha Cephalanthus occidentalis Solidago

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Erynnis icelus (dreamy duskywing)

Salix Populus possibly Robinia

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Vaccinium Fragaria Claytonia Vicia Viola pedata Rubus Brassica Apocynum Daucus carota Rudbeckia hirta

Erynnis juvenalis (Juvenal's duskywing)

Quercus alba preferred other Q species both white and red

Nectar et al:

Vicia Viola pedata Potentilla Claytonia Prunus Cercis canadensis Elaeagnus umbellata Crataegus Rubus Vaccinium ^pref

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Erynnis lucilius (columbine duskywing)

Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia vulgaris

Nectar et al:

prefs pink white yellow flowers

Phlox Viola Arenaria Draba Blephilia Hieracium

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Erynnis martialis (mottled duskywing)

Ceanothus americanus other C species

Nectar et al:

Houstonia Lithospermum Apocynum Ceanothus americanus soil and dung and carrion

^[1]

Erynnis persius (persius duskywing)

Willow Aspen Lupinus Baptisia tinctoria

Nectar et al:

low early spring flowers

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Euphyes

Euphyes bimacula (two-spotted skipper)

Carex spp Carex stricta

Nectar et al:

Asclepias incarnata Vernonia Spiraea Lyonia lygustrina

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Euphyes conspicua (black dash)

Carex spp

Carex stricta- pref

Nectar et al:

large wetland flowering plants Asclepias incarnata Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium

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Euphyes vestris (dun skipper)

Carex Carex stricta Cyperus spp

Nectar et al:

pref white pink or purple flowers all pref: Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Prunella vulgaris Mentha Echium vulgare

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Hesperia

Hesperia leonardus (Leonard's skipper)

Panicum- preferred Danthonia spicata- pref Agrostis- pref

Andropogon Poa

Nectar et al:

Liatris pref purple or pink flowers Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Aster-pref Cirsium-pref Dipsacus-pref

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Hesperia metea (cobweb skipper)

Andropogon scoparius- pref Andropogon gerardii

other A species

Nectar et al:

Viola pedata Claytonia Fragaria Trifolium

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Hesperia sassacus (Indian skipper)

Panicum- preferred Andropogon scoparius- pref Festuca rubra- pref Poa Danthonia spicata

Nectar et al:

Lamium Hieracium orange and yellow Lithospermum Phlox Echium vulgare Rubus

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Hylephila

Hylephila phyleus (fiery skipper)

Digitaria-preferred Agrostis- preferred

Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

Cirsium Asclepias Vernonia Eupatorium Centaurea Aster Tagetes

^[1]

Lerema

Lerema accius (clouded skipper)

Erianthus alopecuroides Echinochloa- possible

Nectar et al:

Cephalanthus occidentalis Prunella vulgaris Verbena Trifolium Tagetes Buddleja Liatris

^[1]

Nastra

Nastra lherminier (swarthy skipper)

Andropogon scoparius Poa other grasses

Nectar et al:

low growing flowers pref fav colors white pink or blue Mentha Vicia Trif red white Desmodium Ceanothus americanus

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Panoquina

Panoquina ocola (ocola skipper)

Saccharum spp- pref Poaceae Leersia oryzoides

Nectar et al:

Cephalanthus occidentalis-pref Asclepias-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref

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Pholisora

Pholisora catullus (common sootywing)

Chenopodium album- preferred Amaranthus- occasion Celosia- occasion

Nectar et al:

Trifolium Apocynum Oxalis Mentha Asclepias Cucurbita

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Poanes

Poanes hobomok (Hobomok skipper)

Panicum preferred Panicum microcarpon- pref Panicum clandestinum- normal Poa Andropogon scoparium Danthonia spicata Leersia oryzoides

Nectar et al:

Rubus Ligustrum Asclepias Echium vulgare Lamium

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P zabulon

Triodia flava- pref Eragrostis- pref Panicum microcarpon Leersia virginica Poa

Nectar et al:

Lonicera japonica Ligustrum Rubus Cephalanthus occidentalis Vicia Vernonia Viola Asclepias Trifolium Eupatorium

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Polites

Polites mystic (long dash skipper)

Poa

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Desmodium Kalmia latifolia Hieracium Apocynum Trifolium pratense

^[1]

Polites origenes (crossline skipper)

Glyceria medicaria Poa Andropogon scoparius Triodia flava Carex scabrata other c species

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Vicia Trifolium Ironweed Asclepias Echium vulgare

^[1]

Polites peckius (Peck's skipper)

Leersia oryzoides Poa rice cutgrass

Nectar et al:

red clover- pref Apocynum Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Vernonia Vicia Ceanothus americanus Prunella vulgaris Echium vulgare Verbena hastata

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Polites themistocles (tawny-edged skipper)

Panicum- preferred esp small species Panicum microcarpon chck size Poa Glyceria Carex scabrata other c species

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Trifolium Cirsium Asclepias Echium vulgare Cichorium intybus

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Polites vibex (whirlabout)

Paspalum setaceum- pref Paspalum spp possible Panic grasses poss

Nectar et al:

Erigeron Apocynum Echium vulgare

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Pompeius

Pompeius verna (little glassywing)

Triodia flava- pref

Nectar et al:

white pink purple flowers preffed Asclepias Apocynum Mentha Vernonia Echium vulgare ^ all pref

^[1]

Pyrgus

Pyrgus centaureae (grizzled skipper)

Potentilla canadensis- preferred Fragaria- preferred other Cinquefoils

Nectar et al:

low flowers Potentilla canadensis Fragaria spp Claytonia Viola pedata Phlox subulata

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Pyrgus communis (common checkered-skipper)

Malva Abutilon theophrasti Althaea Sida

Nectar et al:

small white flowers

Erigeron-pref Aster-pref Trifolium Desmodium Centaurea

^[1]

Staphylus

Staphylus hayhurstii (Hayhurst's Scallopwing)

Chenopodium album

Nectar et al:

Trifolium Apocynum Mentha Polygonum Tagetes

^[1]

Thorybes

Thorybes bathyllus (southern cloudywing)

Desmodium Lespedeza Strophostyles helvola Phaseolus polystachios Apios americana Clitoria mariana Amphicarpa bactreata Astragalus canadensis

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias syriaca Trifolium pratense Coronilla varia Echium vulgare Eupatorium Vernonia

Thorybes confusis (confused cloudywing)

Possibly Lespedeza and Desmodium

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Trifolium pratense Asclepias Vicia Lonicera Cirsium

^[1]

Thorybes pylades (northern cloudywing)

Desmodium- preferred Lespedeza- preferred Trifolium Medicago Vicia

Nectar et al:

Trifolium pratense Apocynum Asclepias Vicia Lonicera japonica Cirsium

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Thymelicus

Thymelicus lineola (European skipper)

Dactylis glomerata Holcus lanatus Phleum pratense other grasses

Nectar et al:

Trifolium pratense-pref Erigeron Chrys leuc Hieracium Asclepias Cirsium Apocynum Trifolium repens

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Urbanus

Urbanus proteus (long-tailed skipper)

Desmodium
Amphicarpa bactreata
Phaseolus
Clitoria mariana
Wisteria

Nectar et al:

composites

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Wallengrenia

Wallengrenia egeremet (northern broken dash)

Panicum pref Panicum clandestinum- preferred Panicum virgatum- preferred

Nectar et al:

prefs purple pink white flowers

Trifolium red white Centaurea Ceanothus americanus

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Family Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged butterflies)

Atlides

Atlides halesus (great purple hairstreak)

Phoradendron flavescens male flowers and leaves

Nectar et al:

Solidago Clethra acuminata Aralia spinosa

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Callophrys

Callophrys augustinus (brown elfin)

Heaths Vaccinium spp Gaulussacia brachyceral

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Vaccinium Elaeagnus umbellata Gaylussacia Phlox Barbarea vulgaris

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Callophrys irus (frosted elfin)

Lupinus perennis-pref Baptisia tinctoria-pref esp in WV

Nectar et al:

Lupinus Rubus

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Callophrys gryneus (juniper hairstreak)

Juniperus virginiana

Nectar et al

spring

Claytonia Phlox Viola pedata Lepidium campestre Barbarea vulgaris Cercis canadensis

summer Asclepias Apocynum Melilotus alba

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Callophrys henrici (Henry's elfin)

variable by location

Cercis canadensis-pref in WV Ilex opaca Vaccinium spp Gaylussacia spp

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Erigeron puddle

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Callophrys niphon (eastern pine elfin)

Pinus virginiana-pref esp young trees P rigida P echinata P sylvestris

Nectar et al:

Phlox Taraxacum Potentilla canadensis Comandra umbellata Vaccinium Rubus Cercis canadensis

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Callophrys polios (hoary elfin)

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi-pref Epigaea repens

Nectar et al:

Vaccinium Salix

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Calycopis

Calycopis cecrops (red-banded hairstreak)

Rhus typhina R copallina leaf detritus-pref Lactuca sativa var crispa- pref

Nectar et al

Rhus Apocynum Prunus serotina Rubus Asclepias Ellaeagnus umbellata Ceanothus americanus Achillea

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Celastrina

Celastrina ladon (spring azure)

Type I and lucia auctorum

cornus florida flowers black cherry fruit

Violacea type II black cherry leaf galls from eriophyid mites

Neglecta uses flower buds of ceanothus americana cimicifuga racemosa Rhus glabra Spiraea spp Actinomeris alternifolia

Females will lay eggs on the buds of the following, but the caterpillars won't survive

Hydrangea arborescens Sambucus spp Viburnum spp

Nectar et al:

Malus Prunus Prunus serotina Amelanchier Cercis canadensis Viburnum Lindera benzoin Rubus

Late spring and summer: Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Ligustrum Asclepias Melilotus officinalis M alba

Males puddle and scavenge carrion

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Celastrina neglectamajor (Appalachian azure)

Cimicfuga racemosa

Nectar et al:

Rubus pref Viburnum

Males puddle

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Celastrina nigra (dusky azure)

Aruncus dioicus

Nectar et al:

females drink more nectar males drink from soil Cercis canadensis Geranium Dentaria Claytonia

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Cupido

Cupido comyntas (eastern tailed blue)

Fabaceae Lespedeza spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref T arvense medicago sativa Vicia spp Desmodium spp Melilotus officinalis

Nectar et al:

plants w short corollas Potentilla Barbarea vulgaris Melilotus alba Trifolium red a white Apocynum Mentha Aster

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Erora

Erora laeta (early hairstreak)

fagus grandifolia fruits corylus spp fruits Betula spp catkins Salix spp

Nectar et al:

Claytonia Erigeron Achillea Chrys leuc Daucus carota Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Asclepias tuberosa

females drink at puddles

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Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon	Behavior	Food	Reproduction	Shelter	Water	Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !

Feniseca

Feniseca tarquinius (harvester)

Aphids: Prociphilus Melirhizophagus Neoprociphilus Schizoneura Pemphigus

Aphid host plants: Alnus spp Hamamelis virginiana Fagus spp Fraxinus spp Crataegus spp Acer saccharinum Smilax spp

Nectar et al:

aphid honeydew moist soil animal dung

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Glaucopsyche

Glaucopsyche lygdamus (silvery blue)

Vicia caroliniana-pref Lathyrus venosus other vetches

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Vicia caroliniana Claytonia Potentilla composites

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Lycaena

Lycaena epixanthe (bog copper)

Vaccinium oxycoccos V macrocarpon

Nectar et al:

cranberry flowers

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Lycaena hyllus (bronze copper)

Rumex verticillatus-pref R cripus-pref Polygonum spp

Nectar et al

males don't drink as much nectar as females

Trifolium Rubus Chrys leuc Eupatorium Apocynum Polygonum Aster

^[1]

Lycaena phlaeas (American copper)

Rumex acetosella- pref R crispus- non

Nectar et al:

Ranunculus Potentilla canadensis Chrys leuc Trifolium Achillea Asclepias Aster

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Parrhasius

Parrhasius m-album (white M hairstreak)

Quercus alba-pref Tilia spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Eupatorium Cornus Viburnum Rhus Oxydendrum arboreum Prunus serotina Solidago Apocynum Rubus

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Satyrium

Satyrium calanus (banded hairstreak)

Quercus alba Q prinus Juglans nigra J cinerea Carya spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Achillea Rhus typhina Melilotus alba Sambucus canadensis

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Satyrium caryaevorum (hickory hairstreak)

Carya cordiformis C glabra C ovata

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Cirsium Daucus carota Rhus typhina Melilotus alba Ceanothus americanus

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Satyrium edwardsii (Edwards' hairstreak)

Quercus ilicifolia- pref Q marilandica Q velutina

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Rhus typhina Solidago Melilotus alba

^[1]

Satyrium favonius (southern hairstreak)

Quercus alba Q stellata Q velutina Q rubra Q ilicifolia-poss

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Vaccinium

^[1]

Satyrium liparops (striped hairstreak)

Ericaceae Rosaceae Vaccinium spp Rhododendron calendulaceum Prunus serotina Crataegus spp Amelanchier spp Rubus spp Pyrus spp Malus spp Carpinus caroliniana

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Rhus typhina Ceanothus americanus Viburnum Solidago

^[1]

Satyrium titus (coral hairstreak)

Prunus serotina-pref P virginiana Rosaceae- poss

Nectar et al:

Asclepias-pref A tuberosa- pref Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Melilotus alba Achillea

^[1]

Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon	Behavior	Food	Reproduction	Shelter	Water	Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !

Strymon

Strymon melinus (gray hairstreak)

Fabaceae Malvaceae Lespedeza spp Desmodium spp Vicia spp Trifolium spp Malva spp Phaseolus spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Barbarea vulgaris Cercis canadensis Cirsium Solidago Mentha Melilotus alba Trifolium

^[1]

Family Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies)

Aglais

Aglais milberti (Milbert's tortoiseshell)

Urtica dioica U gracilis

Nectar et al:

Cirsium Asclepias Vernonia Trifolium Verbesina alternifolia Aster

also

ferm fruit damp soil probably sap

^[1]

Asterocampa

Asterocampa celtis (hackberry emperor)

Celtis tenuifolia C occidentalis

Nectar et al:

sap rotting fruit dung carrion moist soil

ans Sweat salt

^[1]

Asterocampa clyton (tawny emperor)

Celtis tenuifolia C occidentalis

Nectar et al:

soil dung rotting fruit tree sap

rarely milkweed

^[1]

Boloria

Boloria bellona (meadow fritillary)

Viola soraria V papilionacea

Nectar et al:

esp composites Achillea millefolium Daucus carota Chrys leuc Taraxacum offinale Apocynum Trifolium Verbesina alternifolia Cirsium Vernonia Solidago Aster

^[1]

Boloria selene (silver-bordered fritillary)

Viola cucullata V pallens V striata V primulifolia V papilionacea

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias Vernonia Achillea millefolium Chrys leuc Trif pratense Mentha Solidago

^[1]

Cercyonis

Cercyonis pegala (common wood-nymph)

c p pegala

Danthonia spicata Triodia flava Andropogon spp Poa spp

Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit dung

Asclepias Chrysanthemum leuc Rudbeckia hirta Daucus carota Trifolium Dipsacus Vernonia Eupatorium Monarda fistulosa

SUBSPECIES

c pegala nephele

host is "grasses"

Nectar et al:

sap ferm fruit moist soil

reg Chrys leuc Asclepias

^[1]

Chlosyne

Chlosyne gorgone (gorgone checkerspot)

Helianthus Ambrosia Lysimachia

Nectar et al:

yellow composites preferred Solidago Coreopsis

reg Melilotus alba Asclepias Erigeron

^[1]

Chlosyne harrisii (Harris' checkerspot)

Aster umbellatus

Nectar et al:

Erigeron Hieracium Chrys leuc Taraxacum officinale

^[1]

Chlosyne nycteis (silvery checkerspot)

Verbesina alternifolia- pref Helianthus spp H tuberosus H. strumosus Aster puniceus

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias Erigeron Barbarea vulgaris Trifolium Taraxacum officinale Cirsium arvense Pastinaca sativa

^[1]

Cyllopsis

Cyllopsis gemma (gemmed satyr)

Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

damp soil dung fungi tree sap fermenting fruit

^[1]

Danaus

Enodia

Enodia anthedon (northern pearly-eye)

Leersia virginica Panicum spp Hystrix patula Uniola latifolia Erianthus alopecuroides Brachyelytrum erectum

Nectar et al:

prefs willow sap ferm fruit dung carrion fungi damp soil

^[1]

Euphydryas

Euphydryas phaeton (Baltimore checkerspot)

Chelone glabra- pref Plantago lanceolata Viburnum recognitum Pedicularis canadensis Lonicera japonica Aureolaria flava other A spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Chrys leuc Trifolium Rudbeckia hirta Viburnum

puddle

also dung

^[1]

Euptoieta

Euptoieta claudia (variegated fritillary)

Viola- pref cultivated pansies-pref Podophyllum peltatum Sedum spp. Portulaca spp Menispermum spp Desmodium spp

Nectar et al:

prefs:

Asclepias Cirsium Apocynum Vernonia Eupatorium Aster red white clover

reg:

Mentha Echium vulgare

^[1]

Hermeuptychia

Hermeuptychia sosybius (Carolina satyr)

Poa spp Poa pratensis Cynodon dactylon

Nectar et al:

sap ferm frut dung

puddle

^[1]

Junonia

Junonia coenia (common buckeye)

Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Acanthaceae Plantago lanceolata- pref P rugelii- pref Linaria vulgaris-pref Aureolaria spp Agalinis spp Ruellia spp

Nectar et al:

Daucus carota Helianthus Aster Asclepias Vernonia Trifolium

^[1]

Libytheana

Libytheana carinenta (American snout)

Celtis occidentalis C tenuifolia

Nectar et al:

like 2 puddle

reg

Apocynum Solidago Aster Daucus carota Rubus Asclepias Eupatorium

^[1]

Limenitis

Limenitis archippus (viceroy)

Salix spp- pref Populus tremuloides- pref P alba- nonpref P deltoides- non P nigra- non

Nectar et al:

prefs dung carrion fermenting fruit moist sand soil

reg Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Dipsacus Aster

^[1]

Limenitis arthemis (red-spotted purple)

Prunus serotina P virginiana Amelanchier spp Populus grandidentata P tremuloides P alba P deltoides Pyrus malus Quercus velutina Quercus ilicifolia Salix spp

^[1]

Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit damp soil dung carrion

nonpref

Prunus serotina Viburnum Cornus

^[1]

Megisto

Megisto cymela (little wood satyr)

Poa spp Dactylis glomerata

Nectar et al:

prefs sap fermenting fruit fungi aphid honey dew dung wet soil

non pref:

Asclepias Chrys leuc Melilotus alba Rubus spp Viburnum spp Rhus typhina

^[1]

Nymphalis

Nymphalis antiopa (mourning cloak)

Salix nigra- pref S babylonica- pref Ulmus americanus Populus tremuloides P grandidentata Celtis spp

Late instar Quercus ilicifolia

Nectar et al:

tree sap

rotting fruit

rarely: Asclepias Apocybum Ceanothus

^[1]

Nymphalis vaualbum (Compton tortoiseshell)

Populus spp Salix spp Betula spp

Nectar et al:

prefs rotting fruit sap moist soil

^[1]

Phyciodes

Phyciodes batesii (tawny crescent)

Aster undulatus A simplex

Nectar et al:

variety of june bloomers

^[1]

Phyciodes cocyta (northern crescent)

slash selenis

Compositae Aster simplex

Nectar et al:

Apocynum Erigeron Trifolium repens Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

^[1]

Phyciodes tharos (pearl crescent)

Many Compositae Aster simplex A pilosus A laevis A novae-angliae

Nectar et al:

almost any flower, esp if flat

prefs Taraxacum officinale Hieracium Chrysanthemum Rudbeckia hirta Asclepias Apocybum Aster Achillea millefolium Solidago

^[1]

Polygonia

Polygonia comma (eastern comma)

Urtica spp Boehmeria cylindrica Laportea canadensis Ulmus spp Humulus spp Celtis- nonpref

Nectar et al:

moist soil tree sap rotting fruit dung carrion

rare Eupatorium Rubus

^[1]

Polygonia faunus (green comma)

Salix Betula Alnus Ribes- poss

Nectar et al:

damp soil tree sap rotten fruit dung carrion flower nectar

^[1]

Polygonia interrogationis (question mark)

Ulmus spp- pref Celtis spp- pref Urtica spp Boehmeria cylindrica

Nectar et al:

prefs rotting fruit tree sap dung carrion damp soil

reg Asclepias Aster Cornus Trifolium pratense

^[1]

Polygonia progne (gray comma)

Ribes rotundifolia- pref Ulmus- non Rhododendron nudiflorum

Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit dung

Arctium minus Dipsacus

^[1]

Satyrodes

Satyrodes appalachia (Appalachian brown)

Carex lacustris C stricta- pref Glyceria striata

Nectar et al:

prefs Sap Ferm fruit rotting fungi dung

^[1]

Satyrodes eurydice (eyed brown)

Carex lacustris C lupulina C stricta C bromoides C trichocarpa

Nectar et al:

prefs Sap ferm fruit fungi

reg: Asclepias incarnata Eupatorium Monarda fistulosa

^[1]

Speyeria

Speyeria aphrodite (Aphrodite fritillary)

Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V striata

Nectar et al:

prefs: Asclepias Arctium Eupatorium Vernonia Apocynum Cirsium Echium vulgare Chrysanthemum Pycnanthemum flexuosum

^[1]

Speyeria atlantis (Atlantis fritillary)

Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V blanda V pennsylvanica V canadensis V striata

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Spiraea Arctium Chrys leuc Achillea millefolium Erigeron Trifolium pratense Mentha Prunella vulgaris Monarda clinopodia

^[1]

Speyeria cybele (great spangled fritillary)

Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V striata

Nectar et al:

prefs Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Apocynum Pycnanthemum flexuosum

regular: Trifolium Echium vulgare

^[1]

Speyeria diana (diana fritillary)

Viola

Nectar et al:

Asclepias syriaca-pref A tuberosa-peef A incarnata-pref Cirsium- pref Monarda fistulosa Eupatorium Vernonia

^[1]

Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon	Behavior	Food	Reproduction	Shelter	Water	Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !

Speyeria idalia (regal fritillary)

Viola

Nectar et al:

Jul Asc syriaca A incarnata A tuberosa

Aug-sep Vernonia Eupatorium Cirsium Aster

Eupatorium perfoliatum-nonpref

Trifolium

^[1]

Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon	Behavior	Food	Reproduction	Shelter	Water	Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !

Vanessa

Vanessa atalanta (red admiral)

Urtica dioica- pref U gracilis-pref Boehmeria cylindrica Parietaria pensylvanica Laportea canadensis

Nectar et al:

sap-pref ferm fruit-pref dung-pref carrion-pref

cirsium Asclepias Apocynum Trifolium pratense Chrys leuc Daucus carota Syringa

^[1]

Vanessa cardui (painted lady)

Cirsium spp- pref Asteraceae Malvaceae Althaea spp- pref Malva neglecta Boraginaceae Fabaceae cultivated Artemisia

Nectar et al:

esp fond of composites Cirsium vernonia Eupatorium Asclepias Trifolium pratense Aster Zinnia Tagetes

^[1]

Vanessa virginiensis (American painted lady)

Antennaria spp A neglecta A viginica A plantaginifolia Anaphalis margaritacea Gnaphalium spp

Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum red clover white clover Cirsium Taraxacum officinale Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Solidago Aster

^[1]

Family Papilionidae (swallowtails)

Battus

Battus philenor (pipevine swallowtail)

Aristolochia macrophylla- pref A serpentaria

Nectar et al:

Pink and purple flowers pref Phlox Asclepias Eupatorium Vernonia Cirsium Lilium superbum

^[1]

Papilio

Papilio canadensis (Canadian tiger swallowtail)

Liriodendron tulipifera- activeley toxic

Populus tremuloides P. grandidentata Betula spp. Prunus serotina

Nectar et al:

males puddle same as eastern tiger Nectar et al:

Asclepias-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Rhododendron-pref Apocynum-pref Albizia julibrissin-pref Lilium spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref

^[1]

Papilio cresphontes (giant swallowtail)

Zanthoxylum americanum Z clava-herculis Ptelea trifoleata Citrus spp

Nectar et al: Asclepias, especially small woodland species Solidago Saponaria officinalis Lonicera japonica

^[1]

Papilio glaucus (eastern tiger swallowtail)

Liriodendron tulipifera- pref Prunus serotina- pref Fraxinus-poss Lindera benzoin-poss Syringa vulgaris-poss Ptelea trifoliata-poss

Nectar et al:

Asclepias-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Rhododendron-pref Apocynum-pref Albizia julibrissin-pref Lilium spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref

^[1]

Papilio polyxenes (black swallowtail)

Umbelliferae Daucus carota D c var. sativa Anethum graveolens Petroselinum crispum Ruta graveolens

Nectar et al:

Trifolium Asclepias Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium

^[1]

Papilio troilus (spicebush swallowtail)

Sassafras albidum-pref Lindera benzoin-pref Liriodendron tulipifera- poss Zanthoxylum americanum- poss

Nectar et al: can use long tubed flowers Lonicera japonica-pref Impatiens-pref

Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Apocynum Rhododendron Albizia julibrissin

^[1]

Protographium

Protographium marcellus (zebra swallowtail)

Asamina triloba

Nectar et al:

males like to puddle Rubus Apocynum Cercis canadensis Asclepias Echium vulgare

^[1]

Family Pieridae

Anthocharis

Anthocharis midea (falcate orangetip)

Cardamine spp Arabis laevigata A serotina A glabra Alliaria officinalis Lepidium campestre Dentaria laciniata other mustard fam spp

Nectar et al:

Claytonia Viola pedata Cardamine hirsuta Lepidium Dentaria Arabis

^[1]

Colias

Colias eurytheme (orange sulphur)

Medicago sativa- pref Trifolium repens T spp Melilotus alba-non Baptisia-non Coronilla varia-non Vicia spp.-non other leg-non

Nectar et al:

non-deep tubed

Taraxacum Aster

Trifolium-pref Mentha-pref Chrysanthemum-pref Dipsacus-pref Solidago-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref

^[1]

Colias interior (pink-edged sulphur)

Vaccinium angustifolium-pref other blueberries

Nectar et al:

red and blue flowers pref Trifolium pratense Prunella vulgaris Satureja vulgaris

Yellow Taraxacum officinale Lotus corniculatus

White nonpref Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Aralia hispida

^[1]

Colias philodice (clouded sulphur)

Trifolium repens -pref Trifolium pratense- pref other legumes poss

Nectar et al: Taraxacum Trifolium Solidago Vernonia Eupatorium Aster Tagetes Chrysanthemum

^[1]

Euchloe

Euchloe olympia (Olympia marble)

Arabis laevigata- pref Arabis serotina- pref other rockcresses-pref

Cardamine hirsuta-non

Nectar et al:

Claytonia Viola pedata Phlox Houstonia Stellaria Arabis

^[1]

Eurema

Eurema lisa (little yellow)

Cassia fasciculata C nictitans larger leaved Sennas usually avoided

Nectar et al: Aster Solidago Trifolium Prunella Liatris

^[1]

Eurema nicippe (sleepy orange)

Cassia fasciculata C hebecarpa C marilandica C nictitans

Nectar et al:

Trifolium Melilotus alba Echium vulgare Aster Vernonia

^[1]

Phoebis

Phoebis sennae (cloudless sulphur)

Cassia fasciculata C hebecarpa C marilandica-poss C nictitans- poss

Nectar et al:

long tubed flowers Lonicera Lobelia cardinalis Hibiscus syriacus Cirsium Cassia

^[1]

Pieris

Pieris rapae (cabbage white)

many crucifers Barbarea vulgaris Brassica spp broccoli cauliflower cabbage Alliaria officinalis

Nectar et al:

Taraxacum-spring Lepidium-spring Brassica-spring

trifolium-later Mentha-later Aster-later

Asclepias-nonpref Eupatorium-nonpref other large composites-nonpref

^[1]

Pieris virginiensis (West Virginia white)

Dentaria laciniata- pref D diphylla- pref Arabis spp- nonpref Alliaria officinalis-non-pref Arabis serotina Cardamine spp Cardamine hirsuta Arabis laevigata-pref

Nectar et al: Claytonia Dentaria Sedum Viola

^[1]

Pontia

Pontia protodice (checkered white)

Lepidium virginicum-pref L densiflorum-pref Capsella bursa-pastoris Barbarea vulgaris other mustards

Nectar et al: Sisymbrium-pref Barbarea vulgaris-pref other mustards Asclepias Trifolium

^[1]

Family Riodinidae

Calephelis

Calephelis borealis (northern metalmark)

Senecio obovatus- pref other ragworts

Nectar et al: Achillea Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Rudbeckia hirta Erigeron

Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon	Behavior	Food	Reproduction	Shelter	Water	Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !	4 !

^[1]

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw Allen, Thomas J. (1997). Bonta, Marcia (ed.). The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars. Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 388. ISBN 9780822956570.

[wv-butterflies-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw Allen, Thomas J. (1997). Bonta, Marcia (ed.). The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars. Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 388. ISBN 9780822956570.

[1]