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Flora of New York/Myrtales

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The order Myrtales is believed to have originated about 100 million years ago in either southeast Africa or Australasia. It contains the New York plant families Onagraceae (willowherb or evening primrose family), Lythraceae (loosestrife or pomegranate family), and Melastomataceae, which contains just two species found in New York.
Clades Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
angiosperms
  eudicots:
    rosids:
      malvids 		Geraniales Geraniaceae — — Erodium stork's-bill 5
Geranium crane's-bill 15
Myrtales Onagraceae Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia primrose willow 5
Onagroideae Circaeeae Circaea enchanter's nightshade 3
Epilobieae Chamaenerion fireweed 1
Epilobium willow herb 9
Onagreae Gaura bee blossom 0
Oenothera evening primrose 17
Lythraceae Lagerstroemioideae — Trapa water chestnut 1
Punicoideae — Cuphea waxweed 1
Rotala toothcup 1
Lythroideae — Decodon water willow 1
Lythrum loosestrife 4
Melastomataceae Melastomatoideae Melastomateae Rhexia meadow beauty 2

Family Onagraceae

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The Onagraceae (willowherb or evening primrose family)...

Subfamily Ludwigioideae

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Ludwigia

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Ludwigia sect. Isnardia
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Ludwigia palustris
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Isnardia
Genus Ludwigia sect. Isnardia Primrose-willow N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Elliott
1753.  Isnardia palustris  L.
1803.  Ludwigia nitida  Michx.
1813.  Isnardia nitida  (Michx.) Poir.
1817.  Ludwigia palustris  (L.) Elliott
1935.  Ludwigia palustris  var. americana  (DC.) Fernald & Griscom
1836.  Isnardia ascendens  J.Hall
 Water purslane,
Marsh seedbox,
Marsh primrose-willow,
Marsh purslane,
Water false loosestrife
Ludwigie palustre,
Ludwigie des marais 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun

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Genus Ludwigia sect. Isnardia (excluded taxa) Primrose-willow N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Short & R.Peter
    
    
    
Many-fruit seedbox
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

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Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia
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Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia
Genus Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia Primrose-willow N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Ludwigia alternifolia L.
1828. Isnardia alternifolia (L.) DC.
    
 Bushy seedbox,
Rattlebox,
Seedbox,
Square-pod
  water-primrose
Ludwigie à
  feuilles alternes 		Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium
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Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium
Genus Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium Primrose-willow N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Elliott
1817. Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Elliott
1828. Isnardia sphaerocarpa (Elliott) DC.
1935. L. sphaerocarpavar. deamii
1935. L. sphaerocarpavar. jungens
1935. L. sphaerocarpavar. macrocarpa
 Globe-fruited
  false-loosestrife,
Globefruit
  primrose-willow,
Round-pod
  water-primrose 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 2
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Ludwigia sect. Jussiaea
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Ludwigia peploides
Ludwigia sect. Jussiaea (L.) Hoch, W.L.Wagner, & P.H.Raven was previously known as Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum.[1]
  1. ↑ Peter C. Hoch, Warren L. Wagner, Peter Raven (2015). "The correct name for a section of Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae). PhytoKeys 50: 31-34.
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum
Genus Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum Primrose-willow N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Kunth) P.H.Raven
ssp. glabrescens (Kuntze) P.H. Raven
1891. Jussiaea repens  var. glabrescens  Kuntze
1953. Ludwigia adscendens  var. glabrescens  (Kuntze) H. Hara
1963. Ludwigia peploides  ssp. glabrescens  (Kuntze) P.H. Raven
1964. Ludwigia peploides  var. glabrescens  (Kuntze) Shinners
 auct. Jussiaea diffusa
 Floating primrose-willow,
Floating seedbox,
Clovestrip,
Creeping water-primrose 		Introduced from
 South America,
 Southern U.S.,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 89%[1],
Prohibited[2]
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1?
NYFA: 3 counties
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5 counties
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 (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, H.Y.Gu & P.H.Raven
1833. Jussiaea hexapetala Hook. & Arn.
1991. L. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.)
Zardini, H.Y.Gu & P.H.Raven
2000. L. grandiflora  ssp. hexapetala  (Hook. & Arn.) G.L.Nesom & Kartesz
2012. L. grandiflora  var. hexapetala  (Hook. & Arn.) D.B.Ward
 auct. L. uruguayensis pp.
non (Cambess.) H.Hara
 Common water-primrose,
Uruguayan
  primrose-willow,
Uraguay waterprimrose,
Water-primrose,
Large-flower
  primrose-willow 		Introduced from
 South America,
 Southern U.S.,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 88%[3],
Prohibited[2]
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-subshrub

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Genus Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum (excluded taxa) Primrose-willow N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet
1830. Jussiaea uruguayensis Cambess.
1953. L. uruguayensis (Cambess.) H. Hara
1987. L. grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet
    
Large-flower
primrose-willow
 Introduced from
 South America,
 Southern U.S.,
N.Y. excluded

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ssp. peploides
    
    
    
Floating primrose-willow ⓘ
Water primrose ⓘ
N. America native
 southwest,
N.Y. excluded

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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ludwigia peploides: Very high (89).
  2. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
  3. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ludwigia peploides: Very high (88).

Subfamily Onagroideae

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Tribe Circaeeae

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Circaea
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Circaea (Enchanter's-nightshade) [1]

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Circaeeae — Circaea
Genus Circaea Enchanter's-nightshade N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Hill
1753. C. lutetianavar. canadensis
1756. C. latifolia Hill (i)
1765. C. canadensis (L.) Hill
1870. C. lutetianassp. canadensis
1939. C. quadrisulcatavar. canadensis
1945. C. canadensisvar. virginiana
1982. C. quadrisulcatassp. canadensis
2005. C. canadensisssp. canadensis
 Eastern enchanter's nightshade,
Broadleaf enchanter's nightshade,
Broad-leaved enchanter's nightshade,
Canada enchanter's nightshade
Circée du Canada,
Circée de Lutèce 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part shade

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 L.
ssp. alpina
1753. Circaea alpina L.
1841. C. lutetianavar. alpina
1898. C. lutetianassp. alpina
1912. C. caulescensrace alpina
1934. C. caulescensvar. glabra
1934. C. caulescensvar. rosulata
1934. C. caulescensfo. ramosissima
 Dwarf enchanter's nightshade,
Northern enchanter's nightshade,
Small enchanter's nightshade
Circée alpine,
Circée des Alpes 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 Boufford
  Circaea alpina ×
  Circaea canadensis
2005. Circaea ×‌ sterilis Boufford
 auct. C. × intermedia non Ehrh.
 auct. C. canadensis sensu Fernald
 Sterile enchanter's-nightshade
Intermediate enchanter's nightshade
Circée de Fernald ⓘ
Circée intermédiaire ⓘ
Native,
Threatened

NYFA: 2
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Genus Circaea (excluded taxa) Enchanter's-nightshade N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Ehrh. (pro. sp.)
  Circaea alpina ssp. alpina ×
  Circaea lutetiana
1789. Circaea intermedia Ehrh.
1806. C. lutetiana  var. intermedia  (Ehrh.) Hornem.
1828. C. alpina  var. intermedia  (Ehrh.) DC.
1901. C. lutetiana  ssp. intermedia  (Ehrh.) Rouy & E.G.Camus
 auct. C. canadensis sensu Fernald
 Intermediate enchanter's-nightshade
Enchanter's-nightshade
 N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
FACU

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  1. ↑ David Edward Boufford (2005) "Circaea lutetiana sensu lato (Onagraceae) reconsidered." Harvard Papers in Botany 9(2):255-256.

Tribe Epilobieae

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The Epilobieae comprise the fireweeds and willowherbs, which roughly correspond to the sister genera Chamaenerion and Epilobium, respectively. Differences between these two genera include:
Characteristic Chamaenerion (fireweed) Epilobium (willowherb)
Leaf arrangement spiral mostly opposite
Flower symmetry zygomorphic (bilateral) mostly radial
Floral tube absent present
Notch in the petals absent present
Chamaenerion
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Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Epilobieae — Chamaenerion
Genus Chamaenerion Fireweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Scop.
ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Moldenke
1847. Epilobium angustifolium  var. canescens  Alph. Wood
1966. Epilobium angustifolium  ssp. circumvagum  Mosquin
1973. Chamaenerion angustifolium  ssp. circumvagum  (Mosquin) Moldenke
1999. Chamerion angustifolium  ssp. circumvagum  (Mosquin) Hoch
Fireweed ⓘ
Narrow-leaved fireweed ⓘ
Wandering fireweed ⓘ
Épilobe vagabond ⓘ
Native,
Secure

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Genus Chamaenerion (excluded taxa) Fireweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Scop.
ssp. angustifolium
1753. Epilobium angustifolium L.
1771. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.
1778. Epilobium spicatum Lam.
1821. Chamaenerion spicatum (Lam.) Gray
1916. Pyrogennema angustifolium (L.) Lunell
1972. Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub
Fireweed ⓘ
Narrow-leaved fireweed ⓘ
Épilobe à feuilles étroites
Herbe-à-feu
Asperge
Bouquets rouges
Épilobe en épi
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

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Epilobium
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Epilobium ciliatum
Plants of the genus Epilobium often go by the common name willowherb because of their willow-shaped leaves and herbaceous habits.
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Epilobieae — Epilobium
Genus Epilobium sect. Epilobium Willowherb N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Biehler
1807. Epilobium coloratum Biehler
 Eastern willow-herb,
Purpleleaf willowherb,
Purple-veined willowherb,
Cinnamon willow-herb,
Willowweed
Épilobe coloré 		Native, CoC: 2,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 Raf.
 ssp. ciliatum

1808. Epilobium ciliatum Raf. in Med. Repos. 2(5):361
1879. Epilobium chilense Hausskn. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29:118
1879. Epilobium valdiviense Hausskn. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29:118
1879. Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29:119
1918. Epilobium glandulosum var. adenocaulon (Hausskn.) Fernald in Rhodora 20:35

Fringed willow-herb,
Northern willow-herb,
Hairy willow-herb,
American willow-herb,
Coast willowweed
Épilobe cilié 		Native, CoC: 3,
Secure,
S5, G5-T5
FACW-FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 Ugente
  E. ciliatum ssp. ciliatum ×
  E. coloratum
    E. × wisconsinense Ugente
    
    
 Wisconsin
  hybrid willow-herb,
Wisconsin willow-herb,
Hybrid of
 Fringed willow-herb &
 Eastern willow-herb
Épilobe du Wisconsin 		Native,
unranked,
SNA
Perennial,
Herb-forb
Otsego (1919)
NYFA: U
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 Raf.
1813. E. rosmarinifolium Pursh
1814. E. leptophyllum Raf.
1918. E. densumvar. nesophilum
1925. E. nesophilum Fernald
1966. E. palustrevar. sabulonense
1988. E. palustrevar. gracile
 Bog willowherb,
Linearleaf willowherb,
Linear-leaved willow-herb,
Narrow-leaved willowherb
Épilobe leptophylle,
Épilobe à feuilles étroites 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 Muhl. ex Spreng.
1813. Epilobium strictum Muhl.
1814. E. densum Raf.
1825. E. strictum Muhl. ex Spreng.
 Downy willow-herb,
Northeastern willowherb,
Soft willowherb
Épilobe dressé,
Épilobe étroite 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 L.
1753. Epilobium palustre L.
1771. Chamaenerion palustre Scop.
1803. E. oliganthum Michx.
1813. E. lineare Muhl. illeg.
1900. E. wyomingense A.Nelson
1925. E. pylaieanum Fernald
 Marsh willow-herb,
Swamp willowherb
Épilobe palustre,
Épilobe des marais 		Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 Rchb.
ssp. hornemannii
1810. E. nutans Hornem. illeg.
1824. E. hornemannii Rchb.
1827. E. alpinum  var. nutans  Hornem.
1879. E. bongardii Hausskn.
1887. E. alsineifolium  var. hornemannii  Lange
1900. E. foucaudianum H.Lév.
1918. E. steckerianum Fernald
 Hornemann's willowherb,
Alpine willow-herb
Épilobe de Hornemann,
Épilobe d'Hornemann 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[1]
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 L.
1753. Epilobium hirsutum L.
Great hairy willow-herb ⓘ
Great willow-herb ⓘ
Hairy willow herb ⓘ
Hairy willowherb ⓘ
Hairy willow-herb ⓘ
Hairy willow-weed ⓘ
Codlins and cream ⓘ
Fireweed
Willow-herb ⓘ
Épilobe hirsute
Épilobe hérissé
Introduced from
 Eurasia, Africa,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 63%[2]
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 Schreb.
1771. Chamaenerion parviflorum Schreb.
1771. E. parviflorum Schreb.
1778. E. molle Lam. non Torr.
 Smallflower hairy willowherb,
Hoary willowherb
Épilobe à petites fleurs 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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Genus Epilobium sect. Epilobium (excluded taxa) Willowherb N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Raf.
ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & P.H.Raven
    E. glandulosum Lehm.
    E. glandulosum
var. cardiophyllum Fernald
    E. ciliatum  ssp. glandulosum  (Lehm.) Hoch & P.H.Raven
Glandualar willowherb ⓘ
Fringed willowherb ⓘ
American willowherb ⓘ
Épilobe glanduleux ⓘ
Épilobe glanduleuse ⓘ
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

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 Lam.
1753. E. alpinum L. (i)
1786. E. anagallidifolium Lam.
1906. E. dielsii H.Lév.
1911. E. nakahararum Nakai (i)
Pimpernel willowherb ⓘ
Pimpernel willow-herb ⓘ
Alpine willowherb ⓘ
Alpine willowweed ⓘ
Épilobe à feuilles de mouron ⓘ
Épilobe à feuilles d'anagallide ⓘ
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

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  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Epilobium hornemannii ssp. hornemannii. Endangered, S1/G5T5.
  2. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Epilobium hirsutum: High (63). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

Tribe Onagreae

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Oenothera
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Oenothera is represented by about 16 species of sundrops and evening primroses in New York. Here it is broken down into sections and subsections, according to the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN).
Oenothera sect. Kneiffia
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Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Kneiffia
Genus Oenothera sect. Kneiffia Sundrops N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1759. Oenothera perennis L.
1762. Oenothera pumila L.
1835. Kneiffia pumila (L.) Spach
1836. Oenothera gracilis Schrad.
ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
1919. Kneiffia perennis (L.) Pennell
 Small sundrops,
Little evening primrose,
Perennial evening primrose,
Perennial sundrops,
Small evening primrose,
Sundrops
Onagre vivace,
Onagre pérennante 		Native, CoC: 2,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 L.
ssp. tetragona (Roth) W.L. Wagner
1800. Oenothera tetragona Roth
1803. Oenothera glauca Michx.
1835. Kneiffia glauca (Michx.) Spach
1919. Kneiffia tetragona (Roth) Pennell
2014. O. fruticosassp. tetragona
 Northern sundrops,
Shrubby evening primrose,
Narrow-leaved sundrops,
Narrowleaf evening primrose
Onagre tétragone 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

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 L. (1753)
ssp. fruticosa
1753. Oenothera fruticosa L.
1835. Kneiffia suffruticosa Spach (i)
1893. K. fruticosa (L.) Spach ex Raim.
 Southern sundrops,
Narrow-leaved sundrops,
Narrowleaf evening primrose 		Native, CoC: 7,
Vulnerable
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 3?
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 Raf.
ssp. pilosella
1820. Oenothera pilosella Raf.
1894. Kneiffia fruticosavar. pilosella
1903. Kneiffia pratensis Small
1908. Oenothera pratensis B.L.Rob.
 Prairie sundrops,
Meadow sundrops,
Meadow evening primrose,
Prairie evening primrose,
Pilose evening primrose,
Finely-pilose evening primrose
Onagre piloselle 		Native, CoC: 2,
Unranked
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: U
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Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera
[edit | edit source]
Oenothera biennis
common evening-primrose
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera
Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera Evening-primrose N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Oenothera biennis L.
1767. Oenothera muricata L.
1771. Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.
1794. Onagra muricata (L.) Moench
1913. Oenothera pycnocarpa G.F.Atk.& Bartlett
Common evening-primrose
Yellow evening-primrose
Hoary evening-primrose
Wild evening-primrose
German rampion
Candlestick
Onagre bisannuelle
Herbe aux ânes
Onagre de Victorin
Native, CoC: 1,
Secure
Biennial,
Herb

NYFA: 5
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 L.
1759. Oenothera parviflora L.
1832. O. cruciata Nutt. ex G. Don
1840. O. biennis  var. parviflora  (L.) Torr. & A.Gray
1913. O. angustissima R.R.Gates
1914. O. atrovirens Shull & Bartlett
1924. O. parviflora  var. angustissima  (R.R. Gates) Wiegand
1965. O. parviflora  ssp. angustissima  (R.R. Gates) Munz
1971. O. lipsiensis Rostanski & Gutte
Small-flowered
evening-primrose
Northern evening-primrose ⓘ
Least evening primrose ⓘ
Native, CoC: 0,
Secure
Biennial,
Herb

NYFA: 5
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 (A. Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult.
1867. Oenothera biennis  var. oakesiana  A.Gray
1890. Oenothera oakesiana (A.Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult.
1894. Onagra oakesiana (A.Gray) Britton
1949. Oenothera parviflora  var. oakesiana  (A.Gray) Fernald
Oakes' evening primrose
Oakes' evening-primrose
Onagre d'Oakes
Native, CoC: 1,
Threatened

NYFA: 2
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Garden evening primrose ⓘ
Large-flowered evening-primrose ⓘ
Redsepal evening-primrose
Showy evening-primrose
Introduced,
Not naturalized,
 Invasive.org: [1],
Potentially invasive,
SNA
Biennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Xm
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat
1 county
USDA-XX
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 Thunb.
ssp. villosa
 Hairy evening-primrose Introduced,
N. America native,
Unk. naturalization
Biennial,
Herb

NYFA: Xu
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera (excluded taxa) Evening-primrose N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Kunth
ssp. hirsutissima (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr.
1873. Oe. biennis  var. hirsutissima  A.Gray ex S.Watson
1983. Oe. elata  ssp. hirsutissima  (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr.
    
Hooker's evening primrose ⓘ
N. America native
 western N. America,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
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 LʼHér.
1789. Oenothera grandiflora LʼHér.
1828. Oenothera lamarckiana Ser.
Largeflower evening primrose ⓘ
N. America native
 southeast,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NX
Images
Wikispecies
Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia
Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia Evening-primrose N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Hill (1767)
 Cutleaf evening primrose,
Cut-leaf evening-primrose,
Cut-leaved evening-primrose 		Native, CoC: 1,
Endangered,
 Invasive.org: [2]
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1
NYFA: 14 counties
iNat
6 counties
USDA-NX
ARS-GRIN
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 Smyth
1899. Oenothera grandis Smyth
 Showy evening-primrose Introduced,
Not naturalized,
SNA

NYFA: U
NYFA: Chemung only
iNat
no observations
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Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela
Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela Evening-primrose N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 W.Dietr., P.H.Raven & W.L.Wagner
 Cleland's evening-primrose,
Lesser four-point evening-primrose 		Introduced,
Naturalized

NYFA: X
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat
no observations
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela (excluded taxa) Evening-primrose N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray
 Fourpoint evening-primrose,
Four-point evening-primrose 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
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Oenothera sect. Kleinia
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Kleinia
Genus Oenothera sect. Kleinia Evening-primrose N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pursh
1813. Oenothera albicaulis Pursh
1835. Agnora pinnatifida (Nutt.) Spach
1894. Anogra albicaulis (Pursh) Britton
 White-stemmed evening primrose,
Whitest evening-primrose,
Prairie evening-primrose 		Introduced from
 western US,
N. America native
Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
USDA-N0
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Oenothera sect. Lavauxia
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Lavauxia
Genus Oenothera sect. Lavauxia subsect. Lavauxia Evening-primrose N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Stemless evening-primrose Introduced from
 southern US,
N. America native

NYFA: X
USDA-N0
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Wikispecies
Oenothera sect. Megapterium
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Megapterium
Genus Oenothera sect. Megapterium Sundrops N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Nutt.
1813. Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt.
1813. Oenothera missouriensis Sims
 Ozark sundrops Introduced,
N. America native,
No reports

NYFA: X
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
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Wikispecies
Oenothera sect. Hartmannia
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Hartmannia
Genus Oenothera sect. Hartmannia Primrose N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Showy primrose Introduced,
N. America native,
No reports

NYFA: X
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Oenothera, sect. Gaura
[edit | edit source]

Most of the genus Gaura was transferred to Oenothera sect. Gaura in 2007.[1]

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Gaura
Genus Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Gaura Beeblossom N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 W.L.Wagner & Hoch
1753. Gaura biennis L.
2007. Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch
 Biennial beeblossom,
Biennial gaura
Gaura bisannuel,
Gaura bisannuelle 		Introduced,
N. America native

NYFA: X
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 (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
1835. Gaura longiflora Spach
1840. Gaura biennisvar. pitcheri
1898. Gaura filiformis Small
2007. Oenothera filiformis W.L.Wagner & Hoch
 Longflower beeblossom,
Long-flowered gaura,
Large-flower gaura
Gaura à fleurs longues 		Introduced from
 Midwest,
N. America native

NYFA: 0
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Genus Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Campogaura Beeblossom N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Ser.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch
1813. Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh
1816. Gaura odorata Sessé ex Lag.
1828. Gaura suffrutescens Ser.
2007. Oenothera suffrutescens W.L.Wagner & Hoch
 Scarlet beeblossom,
Scarlet gaura,
Scarlet butterfly plant,
Wild honeysuckle
Gaura écarlate 		Introduced from
 western N. America,
N. America native,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Xm
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Genus Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Stipogaura (excluded taxa) Beeblossom N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 W.L.Wagner & Hoch
1828. Gaura sinuata Nutt. ex Ser.
2007. O. sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch
    
Wavyleaf beeblossom ⓘ
Wavyleaf gaura ⓘ
N. America native
 southern U.S.
 Mexico,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
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  1. ↑ Warren L. Wagner, P. C. Hoch, P. H. Raven (2007) "Revised Classification of the Onagraceae." Systematic Botany Monographs, 83: 1-240
Camissonia
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Camissonia
Genus Camissonia Link (excluded taxa) Sundrops N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Douglas) Kearney
1832. Oenothera contorta Douglas (i)
1894. C. contorta (Douglas) Kearney
    
Plains evening primrose
N. America native
 western N.Am.,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
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Images
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Family Lythraceae

[edit | edit source]
The Lythraceae (loosestrife or pomegranate family)...[1][2]
  1. ↑ Lythraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
  2. ↑ Shirley A. Graham, Jocelyn Hall, Kenneth Sytsma, Su-hua Shi (2005) Phylogenetic Analysis of the Lythraceae based on four gene regions and morphology. Int. J. Plant Sci. 166(6):995–1017. 2005

Subfamily Lagerstroemioideae

[edit | edit source]

Trapa

[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lagerstroemioideae — Trapa
Genus Trapa Water chestnut N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Trapa natans L.
1815. Trapa bispinosa Roxb.
1897. Trapa natansvar. bispinosa
 Water chestnut,
European water chestnut,
Water caltrop,
Singhara nut,
Jesuit's-nut
Châtaigne d'eau,
Macre 		Introduced from
 Eurasia, Africa,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 82%[1],
NE-1[2]
Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Trapa natans: Very high (82).
  2. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Lagerstroemia

[edit | edit source]
Lagerstroemia indica
Crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) is planted in the southeastern part of New York State and is now listed as highly invasive, Tier 2, though it's not yet listed in the New York Flora Atlas.
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lagerstroemioideae — Lagerstroemia
Genus Lagerstroemia Crape myrtle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1759. Lagerstroemia indica L.
Crape myrtle ⓘ
Introduced from
 southern Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: 2,
 Invasive.org: [3],
 GRIIS-US: Invasive

NYFA: Not listed
2 counties
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Punicoideae

[edit | edit source]
Cuphea
[edit | edit source]
Cuphea viscosissima
clammy waxweed
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Punicoideae — Cuphea
Genus Cuphea Waxweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Jacq.
1753. Lythrum petiolatum L.
1772. Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.
1881. Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne
1894. Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby
 Blue waxweed,
Clammy waxweed,
Clammy cuphea,
Tarweed
Cuphéa visqueux,
Cuphéa 		Native, CoC: 1,
Likely secure
FAC-FACU
Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
USDA-NX
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Rotala
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Punicoideae — Rotala
Genus Rotala Rotala N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Koehne
 Toothcup,
Lowland rotala 		Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened
OBL
Annual,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 2
USDA-NN
ITIS
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Subfamily Lythroideae

[edit | edit source]
Lythrum salicaria
purple loosestrife
The Lythroideae contains plants commonly known as loosestrife. This includes not only the widespread and highly invasive purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), but also three loosestrifes that are native to New York.

Decodon

[edit | edit source]
Decodon verticillatus
waterwillow
Waterwillow or swamp loosestrife (Decodon verticillatus) is the only species of this genus. It occasionally forms wet thickets on the edges of lakes and ponds.
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lythroideae — Decodon
Genus Decodon Swamp loosestrife N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Elliott
1753. Lythrum verticillatum L.
1821. D. verticillatus (L.) Elliott
1823. Nesaea verticillata (L.) Kunth
 Waterwillow,
Swamp loosestrife,
Hairy swamp loosestrife,
Swamp willowherb,
Water oleander,
Whorled loosestrife
Décodon verticillé,
Décodent verticillé 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
OBL

NYFA: 5
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Lythrum

[edit | edit source]
Lythrum alatum
winged loosestrife
Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lythroideae — Lythrum
Genus Lythrum Loosestrife N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pursh
var. alatum
 Winged loosestrife,
Winged lythrum 		Native,
Secure

NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 L.
 Narrow loosestrife,
Saltmarsh loosestife,
Wand lythrum 		Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
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Hyssop loosestrife,
Grass poly 		Unknown nativity,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [4],
SNR, G5
OBL,
Herb-forb

NYFA: X
NYFA: Richmond only
3 counties
USDA-LYHY3
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 L.
1753. Lythrum salicaria L.
1768. Lythrum tomentosum Mill
1813. L. salicaria  var. tomentosum  DC.
1828. L. salicaria  var. vulgare  DC.
1837. L. salicaria  var. gracilior  Turcz.
 Purple loosestrife,
Spiked loosestrife,
Bouguet-violet,
Purple lythrum 		Introduced from
 Europe,
 temperate Asia,
 northern Africa,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 91%[1],
NE-1[2]

NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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 L.
1753. Lythrum virgatum L.
European wand loosestrife
Wanded loosestrife
Purple loosestrife
Introduced from
 Europe,
Very highly invasive,
NYS Tier 1b[3]

NYFA: not listed
no observations
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lythrum salicaria: Very high (91).
  2. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  3. ↑ Lythrum virgatum Ecological Invasiveness Rank: Very High, Tier 1b. New York State Invasive Species Tiers. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program.

Family Melastomataceae

[edit | edit source]

Subamily Melastomatoideae

[edit | edit source]

Tribe Melastomateae

[edit | edit source]
Rhexia
[edit | edit source]
Myrtales — Melastomataceae — Melastomatoideae — Melastomateae — Rhexia
Genus Rhexia Meadowbeauty N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Rhexia virginica L.
    
    
 Virginia meadow-beauty,
Handsome Harry 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun - part shade

NYFA: 4
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 L.
var. mariana
1753. Rhexia mariana L.
    
    
 Maryland meadow-beauty,
Maryland meadowbeauty 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated,
Impersistent
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Zm
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
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