Flora of New York/Nymphaeales & magnoliids

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basal angiosperms & magnolids introduction

This page is the start of the angiosperms or flowering plants, which comprise the bulk of this guide. It starts with the order Nymphaeales and continues with the three orders of the Magnoliidae that are found in New York.^[1]^[2]

Aristolochia s.l. is here seaprated into 3 genera (Endodeca, Isotrema, and Aristolochia s.s.),^[1] in agreement with the New York Flora Atlas. Lauraceae clades are based on Chanderbali et al. (2001).^[2]

angiosperms

Amborellales—Amborellaceae

Nymphaeales

Hydatellaceae

Cabombaceae

	Brasenia schreberi (watershield)

	Cabomba caroliniana (fanwort)

Nymphaeaceae

	Nupharoideae—Nuphar spp. (4 pond lilies)

	Nymphaeoideae—Nymphaea odorata subspp. (2 water lilies)

Austrobaileyales—Austrobaileyaceae

Canellales

	Canellaceae

	Winteraceae

Piperales

Aristolochiaceae

Asaroideae

	Asarum canadense (wild ginger)

	Hexastylis shuttleworthii (large-flowered heartleaf)

Aristolochioideae

Endodeca serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot)

	Isotrema macrophyllum (Dutchman's-pipe)

	Isotrema tomentosum (woolly Dutchman's-pipe)

Aristolochia clematitis (birthwort)

	Piperaceae

	Saururaceae—Saururus cernuus (lizard’s tail)

Laurales

Calycanthaceae—Calycanthus floridus (eastern sweetshrub)

Lauraceae

	Lindera benzoin (northern spicebush)

	Sassafras albidum (sassafras)

Persea americana (avocado)

Magnoliales

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia acuminata (cucumber tree)

	Magnolia virginiana (northern sweetbay)

	Magnolia spp. (3 introduced southern magnolias)

Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree)

Annonaceae—Annonoideae—Asimina triloba (pawpaw)

Chloranthales (none)

monocots

	Ceratophyllales

	eudicots

basal
angiosperms
(ANA grade)

magnolids

Clade	Order	Family	Subfamily	Genus	Common name(s)	#
basal angiosperms	Nymphaeales	Cabombaceae	—	Brasenia	water-shield, wendock	1
		Cabombaceae	—	Cabomba	fanwort, watershield	1
		Nymphaeaceae	Nupharoideae	Nuphar	yellow pond lily, spatterdock	4
		Nymphaeaceae	Nymphaeoideae	Nymphaea	white waterlily	2
magnoliids	Piperales	Aristolochiaceae	Asaroideae	Asarum	wild ginger	1
			Asaroideae	Hexastylis	heartleaf	1
			Aristolochioideae	Endodeca	snakeroot, serpentary	1
				Isotrema	dutchman's pipe, pipevine	2
				Aristolochia	birthwort, heartwort	1
		Saururaceae	—	Saururus	lizard's tail, water-dragon, swamp root	1
	Laurales	Calycanthaceae	—	Calycanthus	sweet-shrub, strawberry bush	2
		Lauraceae	—	Lindera	spicebush	1
				Sassafras	sassafras, ague tree, mitten tree	1
				Persea	avocado	1
	Magnoliales	Magnoliaceae	—	Magnolia	magnolia, cucumber tree, sweet-bay	5
		Magnoliaceae	—	Liriodendron	tulip tree, tulip poplar, yellow poplar	1
		Annonaceae	Annonoideae	Asimina	pawpaw, dog banana, Indian banana	1

Order Nymphaeales

The order Nymphaeales contains the aquatic flowering plant families Hydatellaceae, Cabombaceae, and Nymphaeaceae. Only the latter two have taxa found outside of cultivation in New York. Aside from Amborella, a shrub endemic to New Caledonia, the Nymphaeales are considered to be the oldest lineage of angiosperms. Most estimates put the age of the Nymphaeales at well over 100 million years.^[1]

↑ P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015.

Family Cabombaceae

Two Cabombaceae (water-shield family) species are found in New York. One, Cabomba caroliniana, is rare in most of the state but has the potential to be a highly invasive exotic plant.

Brasenia

The only extant species of Brasenia (B. schreberi) is native to New York, as well as much of the rest of the world.

Nymphaeales — Cabombaceae — Brasenia
Genus Brasenia	Brasenia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel. 1791. Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel. in… 1803. Hydropeltis purpurea Michx. in… 1813. Brasenia peltata Pursh in… 1813. Brasenia hydropeltis Muhl. in… 1862. Cabomba peltata F.Muell. in… 1874. Brasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp. in…	Water-shield, Watershield, Schreber's watershield, Purple wen-dock, Water-target Brasénie de Schreber	Native, CoC: 8, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 47 counties iNat: 50 counties GBIF	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Cabomba

Native to the southeastern United States, Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) is considered to be an alien invasive plant in the Northwest and Northeast, including New York, where it is listed as highly invasive.^[1]

Although the 2008 New York State Invasiveness rank for Cabomba caroliniana was 72.34% (high invasiveness),^[2] the New York Flora Atlas in 2024 lists the native status for this plant as Unknown.^[3]

Nymphaeales — Cabombaceae — Cabomba
Genus Cabomba	Fanwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cabomba caroliniana A.Gray 1821. Cabomba aquatica DC. 1830. Cabomba pinnata (Pursh) Schult.& Schult.f. 1837. Cabomba caroliniana A.Gray 1841. Nectris caroliniana (A. Gray) Steud. in… 1880. Cabomba australis Speg. in… 1903. Cabomba caroliniana var. pulcherrima R.M.Harper in… 1953. Cabomba pulcherrima (R.M.Harper) Fassett in… 1956. Cabomba caroliniana var. paucipartita Ramsh. & Florsch. in…	Fanwort, Carolina fanwort, Purple fanwort, Carolina watershield, Green cabomba Cabomba de Caroline	Introduced from southeast US, South America, Highly invasive, NYIS: 72%^[1], Prohibited^[2], SNR, G3-G5 OBL Perennial, Aquatic herb		NYFA: 8 counties iNat GBIF 7 counties	USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cabomba caroliniana: High (72). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Family Nymphaeaceae

Six Nymphaeaceae (water-lily family) taxa in two genera are found in New York. All are native to the region and appear to be fairly secure.

Nuphar

Species of the genus Nuphar are commonly known as pond-lilies or spatterdocks.

Nymphaeales — Nymphaeaceae — Nupharoideae — Nuphar
Genus Nuphar Sm. sect. Astylus	Pond-lily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nuphar variegata Durand 1956. Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata (Durand) E.O.Beal 1866. Nuphar variegata Durand 1912. Nymphaea fraterna G.S.Mill.& Standl. 1912. Nymphaea americana G.S.Mill.& Standl. 1931. Nuphar fraterna (G.S.Mill. & Standl.) Standl.	Common yellow pond-lily, Common spatter-dock, Common cow-lily, Variegated yellow pond-lily, Northern yellow pond-lily, Bullhead yellow pond-lily Grand nénuphar jaune	Native, CoC: 3, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 46 counties	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton 1789. Nymphaea advena Aiton in… 1811. Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T.Aiton in… 1822. Nenuphar advena (Aiton) Link in… 1949. Nuphar advena ssp. typica R.T.Clausen in… 1989. Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (Aiton) Kartesz & Gandhi in… 2007. Castalia advena (Aiton) Conz. in…	Broad-leaved yellow pond-lily, Immigrant pond-lily, Broad-leaved yellow cow-lily, Broad-leaved spatterdock, Broad-leaved bull-head lily Nénuphar à feuilles émergentes, Nénutar à feuilles émergentes	Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 28 counties iNat 27 counties	USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Nuphar Sm. sect. Nuphar	Pond-lily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fernald 1806. Nymphaea microphylla Pers. 1811. Nuphar kalmiana (Michx.) W. T. Aiton 1838. Nuphar lutea var. kalmiana (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray 1917. Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fernald 1919. Nymphozanthus microphyllus (Pers.) Fernald auct. Nuphar lutea ssp. pumila (Timm) E.O. Beal misapplied	Small yellow pond-lily, Small yellow cow-lily, Dwarf spatterdock	Native, CoC: 10, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Nuphar × rubrodisca Nuphar microphylla × Nuphar variegata 1886. Nuphar rubrodisca Morong 1994. Nuphar lutea ssp. rubrodisca (Morong) Hellq. & Wiersema	Red-disked yellow pond-lily, Red-disked spatter-dock, Peck's yellow pond-lily, Hybrid of small yellow pond-lily & common yellow pond-lily	Native, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3-5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Nuphar Sm. (excluded species)	Pond-lily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nuphar polysepala × variegata Nuphar polysepala × Nuphar variegata	Hybrid of small yellow pond-lily & common yellow pond-lily	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies

Nymphaea

Two subspecies of Nymphaea odorata (white water lilies) occur in New York.

Nymphaeales — Nymphaeaceae — Nymphaeoideae — Nymphaea
Genus Nymphaea	Waterlily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nymphaea odorata Aiton ssp. odorata 1789. Nymphaea odorata Aiton 1806. Castalia odorata (Aiton) Wood	White water-lily, American white water-lily, Fragrant water-lily, Sweet-scented white water-lily, Pond-lily, Great white water-lily Nymphéa odorant	Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-N VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Nymphaea odorata Aiton ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellq. 1865. Nymphaea tuberosa Paine 1888. Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene 1966. Nymphaea odorata var. maxima (Conrad ex L.H. Bailey) B. Boivin 1994. Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersema & Hellq.	Tuberous white water-lily, Large white water-lily, American white waterlily Nymphéa tubéreux, Lis d'eau, Nénuphar blanc, Nymphée tubéreuse	Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5?	USDA-N VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Order Piperales

The order Piperales

Family Aristolochiaceae

The Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family)

Subfamily Asaroideae

Asarum

Although wild ginger (Asarum canadense) has some similarities to Zingiber officinale (true ginger in the order Zingerbales), it is at least somewhat toxic and is not appropriate for use as a food additive.

Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Asaroideae — Asarum
Genus Asarum	Wild ginger	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Asarum canadense L. 1753. Asarum canadense L. 1897. Asarum canadense var. acuminatum Ashe 1897. Asarum reflexum var. ambiguum E.P.Bicknell 1898. Asarum acuminatum (Ashe) E.P.Bicknell 1898. Asarum reflexum E.P.Bicknell 1907. Asarum ambiguum (E.P.Bicknell) Daniels	Canada wild ginger, Canadian wildginger, Wild ginger, Asarabacca Asaret du Canada, Asaret gingembre, Gingembre sauvage	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Hexastylis

Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Asaroideae — Hexastylis
Genus Hexastylis Raf.	Heartleaf	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0 NPT
Hexastylis shuttleworthii (Britten & Baker f.) Small var. shuttleworthii 1898. Asarum shuttleworthii Britten & Baker f. 1903. Hexastylis shuttleworthii Small	Large-flowered heartleaf, Largeflower heartleaf	Introduced from US South, US South native, Not naturalized FACU		NYFA: m	USDA-N0 FNA Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Aristolochioideae

Subfamily Aristolochioideae. Aristolochia s.l. is here seaprated into 3 genera (Endodeca, Isotrema, and Aristolochia s.s.),^[1] in agreement with the New York Flora Atlas.

↑ Toma, Tetsuo & Sugawara, Takashi & Murata, Hiroko & Wanke, Stefan & Neinhuis, Christoph & Murata, Jin. (2006). "Molecular Phylogeny of Aristolochia sensu lato (Aristolochiaceae) based on Sequences of rbcL, matK, and phyA Genes, with Special Reference to Differentiation of Chromosome Numbers." Systematic Botany. 31. 481-492. 10.1600/036364406778388656.

Endodeca

Virginia snakeroot (Endodeca serpentaria or Aristolochia serpentaria is primarily a southern species and only found in the southeastern part of New York State where it is considered to be threatened (S2).

Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Aristolochioideae — Endodeca
Genus Endodeca Raf.	Snakeroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. 1753. Aristolochia serpentaria L. 1818. Aristolochia hastata Nutt. 1828. Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. 1836. Pistolochia serpentaria (L.) Raf. 1894. Aristolochia nashii Kearney 1897. Aristolochia convolvulacea Small	Virginia snakeroot, Virginia serpentary, Virginia dutchmanspipe, Snakeroot, Serpentary	Native, CoC: 8, Threatened, S2, G4, NYNHP: 1^[1] UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Shade		Bronx, Nassau, New York, Orange, Richmond, Rockland, Ulster, Westchester NYFA: 2	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: ^[2]
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Endodeca serpentaria. Endangered, S2/G4. ↑ The New York Flora Atlas segregates Isotrema macrophyllum, Isotrema tomentosum, and Endodeca serpentaria from Aristolochia into Isotrema and Endodeca, respectively, while other sources, as of yet, have left them in Aristolochia.

Isotrema

The two Isotrema (pipevine) species found in New York are North American natives, but thought to be introduced to New York from farther south and west through cultivation. Neither are believed to naturalize readily.

Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Aristolochioideae — Isotrema
Genus Isotrema Raf.	Pipevine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F. Reed 1783. Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. 1822. Hocquartia macrophylla Dumort. 1965. Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F.Reed auct. Aristolochia durior non. Hill	Dutchman's-pipe, Largeleaf dutchman's-pipe, Pipevine Aristoloche à grandes feuilles	Introduced from PA to GA, US South native		Bronx, Madison, Orange, Putnam, Saratoga, Suffolk NYFA: X	USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber 1811. Aristolochia tomentosa Sims 1960. Isotrema tomentosum (Sims) H.Huber	Woolly Dutchman's-pipe, Wooly pipevine, Common Dutchman's-pipe	Introduced from south-central US, US South native, Impersistent FAC		Erie, Saratoga NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
↑ ^a ^b The New York Flora Atlas segregates Isotrema macrophyllum, Isotrema tomentosum, and Endodeca serpentaria from Aristolochia into Isotrema and Endodeca, respectively, while other sources, as of yet, have left them in Aristolochia.

Aristolochia

Members of the genus Aristolochia, birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis) in particular, have been used as medicinal plants since ancient times, but have been shown to be both carcinogenic and toxic to the kidneys. It seems to be a fairly rare weed in New York State, but could become invasive where allowed to naturalize.

Piperales — Aristolochiaceae — Aristolochioideae — Aristolochia
Genus Aristolochia	Birthwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aristolochia clematitis L. 1753. Aristolochia clematitis L.	Birthwort, Creeping birthwort, Heartwort, Asarabacca^[2] Aristoloche clématite, Sarrasine	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized^[1] Perennial, Herb-vine		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ FNA states that Aristolochia clematitis "probably does not persist" when it occasionally escapes cultivation, but NYFA states that, although a rare weed, it is "quite aggressive at least at some sites, when naturalized." ↑ "Asarabacca" is isted as a common name for Aristolochia clematitis by FNA and Tropicos, but Asarabacca is also a common name for Asarum europaeum (Eropean wild ginger).

Family Saururaceae

The Saururaceae (lizard's tail family) world-wide contains only about seven species in four genera. Two of these plants are native to North America, and one is native to New York. The other North American family member (Anemopsis californica) is a southwestern native.

Saururus

The genus Saururus contains only the two lizard's tail plants Saururus cernuus (native to eastern North America) and Saururus chinensis (native to eastern Asia). Only the North American plant has been found outside of cultivation in North America.

Piperales — Saururaceae — Saururus
Genus Saururus	Lizard's tail	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Saururus cernuus L. 1753. Saururus cernuus L. (non Thunb. 1784)	Lizard's tail, Water-dragon, Swamp root, Swamp lily Saurure penché, Lézardelle penchée, Saurure penchée	Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies

Order Laurales

The order Laurales ...^[1]

Family Calycanthaceae

The Calycanthaceae (strawberry-shrub or sweet-shrub family) contains only three small genera worldwide, only one of which is native to North America.

↑ "Laurales" Angiosperm Phylogeny Website

Calycanthus

Calycanthus (sweet-shrub) is endemic to North America and contains about two to four species. Of these, only Calycanthus floridus is found outside of cultivation in New York, but it is thought to have been introduced from farther south. Though naturalization in New York is rare, it can become established and persist in wooded understories.

Laurales — Calycanthaceae — Calycanthoideae
Genus Calycanthus	Sweet-shrub	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calycanthus floridus L. 1759. Calycanthus floridus L. 1788. Calycanthus fertilis Walter 1840. Calycanthus floridus var. glaucus (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray 1840. Calycanthus floridus var. laevigatus (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray 1891. Beurera fertilis (Walter) Kuntze 1894. Butneria florida (L.) Kearney 1894. Butneria fertilis (Walter) Kearney 1894. Buttneria florida (L.) Kearney 1894. Buttneria fertilis (Walter) Kearney	Sweetshrub, Eastern sweetshrub, Hairy sweetshrub, Smooth sweetshrub, Sweet-shrub, Strawberry bush, Bubby-bush, Spicebush	Introduced from southeast US, VA to FL, TX to NC, US South native, rarely naturalizes FACU Perennial, Shrub, Part shade		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Family Lauraceae

The Lauraceae (laurel family) contains only two species, spicebush and sasafrass that are native to the State of New York.

Lindera

The genus Lindera is primarily native to eastern Asia. Of its nearly 100 species, only three (northern, southern, and bog spicebush) are native to eastern North America. And of those three species, only northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin), is native as far north as New York.

Laurales — Lauraceae — Lindera
Genus Lindera	Spicebush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume 1753. Laurus benzoin L. 1831. Benzoin odoriferum 1836. Benzoin aestivale Nees 1851. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume 1939. Lindera benzoin var. pubescens Rehder	Spicebush, Northern spicebush, Benzoin-bush, Benjamin-bush, Fever-bush, Wild allspice Benjoin, Laurier faux-benjoin	Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5 FACW-FAC Perennial, Shrub, Heliophily: 3 Sun - shade, 2n = 24		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ MBG Images Wikispecies

Sassafras

Sassafras has only three extant species. Two are native to eastern Asia, and one, Sassafras albidum, is native to much of eastern North Americam including New York.

Laurales — Lauraceae — Sassafras
Genus Sassafras	Sassafras	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees 1753. Laurus sassafras L. 1818. Laurus albida Nutt. 1831. Sassafras officinale Nees & C.H.Eberm. 1836. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees 1891. Sassafras variifolium Kuntze 1936. Sassafras albidum var. molle (Raf.) Fernald	Sassafras, White sassafras, Silky sassafras, Ague tree, Mitten tree Sassafras officinal, Gombo filé	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade		NYFA: N	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies

Persea

A specimen of the avocado plant (Persea americana) was collected from a composte pile in Orange County in 1996. As this subtropical species would not be able to naturalize in New York, placing it in the New York Flora was probably an error.

Laurales — Lauraceae — Persea
Genus Persea	Bay	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Persea americana Mill. 1753. Laurus persea L. 1768. Persea americana Mill. 1892. Persea persea (L.) Cockerell 1950. Persea nubigena L.O.Williams 1953. Persea gigantea L.O.Williams	Avocado Avocatier	Introduced from Mexico, Mesoamerica, Venezuela, Impersistent, Composte-pile waif		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Genus Persea (excluded species)	Bay	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. 1753. Laurus borbonia L. 1803. Laurus caroliniensis Michx. 1825. Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. 1836. Persea carolinensis Nees 1838. Tamala borbonia (L.) Raf. 1903. Persea littoralis Small 1913. Tamala littoralis (Small) Small 1922. Borbonia littoralis (Small) House	Redbay, Shorebay	N. America native, southeastern U.S., Excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Order Magnoliales

The order Magnoliales Bromhead ...

Family Magnoliaceae

The Magnoliaceae (magnolia family) has traditionally been separated into the two subfamilies Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae. Magnolioideae contained a number of genera including Magnolia s.s., the largest genus. Liriodendroideae contained the single genus Liriodendron. Phylogenetic research has shown Magnolia s.s. to be polyphyletic. Therefore it was suggested that rather than breaking Magnolia into numerous new genera, all other genera in Magnolioideae would be placed in Magnolia s.l. to create a single monophyletic genus. This leaves the two subfamilies with one genus apiece, making Magnoliaceae subfamilies redundant. So, they are not used here.^[1]^[2]

Magnolia

Magnoliales — Magnoliaceae — Magnolia
Genus Magnolia subg. Yulania	Magnolia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. 1753. Magnolia virginiana var. acuminata L. 1759. Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. 1803. Magnolia cordata Michx. 1886. Magnolia acuminata var. cordata (Michx.) Sarg. 1903. Tulipastrum cordatum (Michx.) Small	Cucumber tree, Cucumber magnolia, Mountain magnolia, Blue magnolia Magnolia acuminé	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Magnolia kobus DC. 1817. Magnolia kobus DC. 1908. Magnolia kobus var. borealis Sarg.	Kobus magnolia	Introduced from temperate Asia, No specimens		NYMFP-X	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Magnolia subg. Magnolia	Magnolia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Magnolia virginiana L. var. virginiana	Sweet-bay, Northern sweet-bay, Swamp-bay, Magnolia-bay, Laurel-magnolia, Beaver-tree Laurier doux	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1] FACW Perennial, Tree, shrub		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Magnolia tripetala	Umbrella-tree, Umbrella magnolia	Introduced, US South native FACU		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Magnolia fraseri Walter	Fraser magnolia, Mountain magnolia	Introduced, US South native FACU		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 BONAP Images Wikispecies
Magnolia macrophylla Michx.	Big-leaved magnolia, Cowcumber magnolia	Introduced, US South native		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Magnolia virginiana. Endangered, S1/G5.

Liriodendron

Liriodendron consists of two species: Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree) from eastern North America and Liriodendron chinense from southeast Asia.

The lumber of the tulip tree has similar properties to poplar (Populus) species, so it is often marketed as "tulip poplar" or "yellow poplar," even though tulip and poplar trees are not closely related.

Magnoliales — Magnoliaceae — Liriodendron
Genus Liriodendron	Tulip tree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Liriodendron tulipifera L. 1753. Liriodendron tulipifera L. 1903. Liriodendron tulipifera f. aureomarginatum (Dippel) Schelle 1903. Liriodendron tulipifera f. integrifolium (G.Kirchn.) Schelle	Tuliptree, Tulip tree, American tuliptree, Tulip poplar, Yellow poplar Bois jaune	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree, Sun - shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Family Annonaceae

The Annonaceae (custard apple family) is the largest family of the Magnoliales, but contains primarily tropical plants. Only one of its more than 2000 species has been discovered growing outside of cultivation in New York.

Subfamily Annonoideae

Asimina

Asimina or pawpaw is a genus of small trees or shrubs that are native to eastern North America. Of these, only the most common species (Asimina triloba) is thought to be native as far north as New York. Though its native range only reaches into the western part of the state, common pawpaw trees can persist where cultivated in other parts of the state and may naturalize in clonal thickets. Pawpaw is considered to be the largest edible native North American fruit (in the culinary sense).^[1]

↑ Snake C. Jones and Desmond R. Layne, "Pawpaw Description and Nutritional Information," Kentucky State University Cooperative Extension Program.

Magnoliales — Annonaceae — Annonoideae — Asimina
Genus Asimina	Pawpaw	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal 1753. Annona triloba L. 1796. Annona pendula Salisbury 1803. Orchidocarpum arietinum Michx. 1806. Porcelia triloba (L.) Pers. 1817. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal 1838. Uvaria triloba (L.) Torr.& A.Gray	Pawpaw, Common pawpaw, Dog banana, Indian banana, Kentucky banana, American custard apple Asiminier trilobé, Asiminier	Native, CoC: 5, Threatened FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Heliophily: 3 Sun - shade		NYFA: 2	USDA-N POWO FSUS VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies

[1] Flora of New York/Clade Magnoliidae

[2] Flora of New York/Clade angiosperms

[3] Toma, Tetsuo & Sugawara, Takashi & Murata, Hiroko & Wanke, Stefan & Neinhuis, Christoph & Murata, Jin. (2006). "Molecular Phylogeny of Aristolochia sensu lato (Aristolochiaceae) based on Sequences of rbcL, matK, and phyA Genes, with Special Reference to Differentiation of Chromosome Numbers." Systematic Botany. 31. 481-492. 10.1600/036364406778388656.

[4] Chanderbali, Andre S., et al. "Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genomes." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 88:1 pp. 104–134. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2666133. Accessed 9 May 2021.

[5] P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015.

[6] Carolina fanwort description at Western New York PRISM (Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management). SUNY Buffalo State.

[7] Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY.

[8] Werier, David, Kyle Webster, Troy Weldy, Andrew Nelson, Richard Mitchell†, and Robert Ingalls†. 2024 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[9] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cabomba caroliniana: High (72).

[10] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[11] Toma, Tetsuo & Sugawara, Takashi & Murata, Hiroko & Wanke, Stefan & Neinhuis, Christoph & Murata, Jin. (2006). "Molecular Phylogeny of Aristolochia sensu lato (Aristolochiaceae) based on Sequences of rbcL, matK, and phyA Genes, with Special Reference to Differentiation of Chromosome Numbers." Systematic Botany. 31. 481-492. 10.1600/036364406778388656.

[12] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Endodeca serpentaria. Endangered, S2/G4.

[NYFA-13] The New York Flora Atlas segregates Isotrema macrophyllum, Isotrema tomentosum, and Endodeca serpentaria from Aristolochia into Isotrema and Endodeca, respectively, while other sources, as of yet, have left them in Aristolochia.

[NYFA-14] The New York Flora Atlas segregates Isotrema macrophyllum, Isotrema tomentosum, and Endodeca serpentaria from Aristolochia into Isotrema and Endodeca, respectively, while other sources, as of yet, have left them in Aristolochia.

[15] FNA states that Aristolochia clematitis "probably does not persist" when it occasionally escapes cultivation, but NYFA states that, although a rare weed, it is "quite aggressive at least at some sites, when naturalized."

[16] "Asarabacca" is isted as a common name for Aristolochia clematitis by FNA and Tropicos, but Asarabacca is also a common name for Asarum europaeum (Eropean wild ginger).

[17] "Laurales" Angiosperm Phylogeny Website

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