Historical Geology
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0. Contents and introduction
| 0.1 | Contents |
| 0.2 | Introduction |
1. Minerals and rocks
| about minerals | |
|---|---|
| 1.1 | Minerals |
| 1.2 | Silicate minerals |
| 1.3 | Rocks |
| 1.4 | Igneous rocks |
| 1.5 | Sedimentary rocks |
| 1.6 | Metamorphic rocks |
2. Erosion and deposition
| 2.1 | Mechanical weathering and erosion |
| 2.2 | Chemical weathering |
| 2.3 | Glaciers |
| 2.4 | Deserts |
| 2.5 | Volcanic ash |
| 2.6 | Soils and paleosols |
| 2.7 | Rivers |
| 2.8 | Deltas |
| 2.9 | Lakes |
| 2.10 | Peat and coal |
| 2.11 | Nearshore sediments |
| 2.12 | Marine sediments |
| 2.13 | Turbidites |
| 2.14 | Reefs |
| 2.15 | Ooids and oolite |
| 2.16 | Calcareous ooze |
| 2.17 | Siliceous ooze |
| 2.18 | Pelagic clay |
| 2.19 | Deposition rates |
| 2.20 | Glacial marine sediment |
| 2.21 | Saline giants |
| 2.22 | Banded iron formations |
3. Plate tectonics
| 3.1 | Physical properties of rocks |
| 3.2 | Seismic waves |
| 3.3 | The structure of the Earth |
| 3.4 | Geomagnetic reversals |
| 3.5 | Plate tectonics: overview |
| 3.6 | Continental drift |
| 3.7 | Sea floor spreading |
| 3.8 | Subduction |
| 3.9 | Hotspots |
| 3.10 | Terranes |
| 3.11 | Ophiolites |
| 3.12 | Orogeny |
4. Stratigraphy
| 4.1 | Actualism |
| 4.2 | Steno's principles |
| 4.3 | Way-up structures |
| 4.4 | Fossils |
| 4.5 | The principle of faunal succession |
| 4.6 | Index fossils |
| 4.7 | The geological column |
| 4.8 | Unconformities |
| 4.9 | Faults |
| 4.10 | Folds |
| 4.11 | Walther's principle |
| 4.12 | Cross-cutting relationships |
| 4.13 | Igneous rocks and stratigraphy |
5. Absolute dating
| 5.1 | Concepts in absolute dating |
| 5.2 | Erosion, deposition, and time |
| 5.3 | Dendrochronology |
| 5.4 | Varves |
| 5.5 | Amino acid dating |
| 5.6 | Radioactive decay |
| 5.7 | K-Ar dating |
| 5.8 | Ar-Ar dating |
| 5.9 | Rb-Sr dating |
| 5.10 | Other isochron methods |
| 5.11 | U-Pb, Pb-Pb, and fission track dating |
| 5.12 | Radiocarbon dating |
| 5.13 | Cosmogenic surface dating |
| 5.14 | U-Th, U-Pa, and Ra-Pb dating |
| 5.15 | Paleomagnetic dating |
| 5.16 | Sclerochronology |
| 5.17 | Tidal rhythmites and dating |
| 5.18 | Fossils and absolute dating |
| 5.19 | Absolute dating: an overview |
6. Paleoclimatology
| 6.1 | Paleoclimatology: introduction |
| 6.2 | Sediments and climate |
| 6.3 | Paleocurrents |
| 6.4 | Biogeography and climate |
| 6.5 | Leaf shape and temperature |
| 6.6 | Dendroclimatology |
| 6.7 | Scleroclimatology |
| 6.8 | Uk'37 |
| 6.9 | TEX86 |
| 6.10 | Ice cores |
| 6.11 | Milankovitch cycles |
| 6.12 | Climate models |
| 6.13 | Ice ages |
| 6.14 | Sea level variations |
Appendices
| A | Glossary and index |
| B | Bibliography |
| C | Chemistry for geologists |