Mirad Grammar/Parts of Speech

Mirad words can be categorized as the following parts of speech, followed by their inflectional and derivational subcategories:

SUBSTANTIVES

• Nouns ( = sunduni)

• Common Nouns

• Countable Nouns    (tam....house, ewa tami....two houses)

• Animate Nouns    (tob....person)
• Inanimate Nouns    (pur....car)
• Gender-Neutral Nouns    (nyem....box)
• Male-Specific Nouns    ( twob....man)
• Female-Specific Nouns    ( toyb....cow)
• Singular Nouns    (sem....table)
• Plural Nouns    ( semi....tables)

• Uncountable Nouns

• Mass Nouns    (miek....sand, gla miek....a lot of sand)
• Deverbal Nouns ( ~ Gerunds/Infinitives/Abstractions)   (melyexen....farming, melyexer....to farm, ifon....love, xeyn....deed)
• Deadjectival ( ~ Abstract) Nouns   (vian....beauty)

• Proper Nouns

• Full names    (Usom....United States)
• Acronyms   (EA....EU)

• Pronouns ( = avduni)

• Personal Pronouns    (iyt....she)
• Reflexive Pronouns    (aut....myself)
• Possessive Pronouns    ( atas....mine)
• Deictic ( ~ Demonstrative) Pronouns    (hus....that)
• Quantitative Determiner Pronouns    (glati....many of them)
• Reciprocal Pronouns    (hyuit....one another)

VERBS ( = erduni)

• Tenses

• Present    (pe....goes)
• Past    (pa....went)
• Future    (po....will go)
• Atemporal    (pu!....Go!)

• Aspects

• Progressive    (peye....is going, peya....was going)
• Perfect    (paye....has gone, paya....had gone)
• Imminent    (poye....is about to go, poya....was to go)
• Potential    (puye....is apt to go, puya....was apt to go)

• Moods

• Hypothetical    (pu....would go, [van has] pu....[that it] go)
• Indicative    (po...will go, pe....goes)

• Voices

• Active    (It yijba ha mes.....He opened the door.)
• Passive    (Ha mes yijbwa.....The door was opened.)
• Medio-passive    (Ha mes yija.....The door opened.)

• Transitivity

• Transitive    (besa....stayed)
• Intransitive    ( bexa....held)

• Dynamicity

• Static    (tujeye....is sleeping)
• Dynamic    (tujpa....fell asleep)

• Focus

• Subject-oriented    (yafe....is able)
• Patient-oriented    (yafwe....is possible)

MODIFIERS

• Adjectives ( = aduni)

• Deictic Adjectives ( ~ Determiners)    (duhoa?....which?, hyea....any)
• Descriptive Adjectives    (via....beautiful)
• Denominal Adjectives    (vensona....conditional)
• Pronominal ( ~ Possessive) Adjectives)    (yata....our)
• Deverbal Adjectives ( ~ Participles)    (tejea....living, obwa....removed)
• Numeric Adjectives    (awa....one, ewa....two)

• Adverbs (ayduni)

• Inherent adverbs    (voy....not)
• Derived adverbs    (ikay....fully)

CONNECTORS

• Prepositions ( = ebduni)

• Simple Prepositions    (av....for)
• Complex Prepositions (be zam bi....in front of, yib bi....far from)

• Conjunctions ( = yanxduni)

• Coordinating    (ay....and, ey....or)
• Subordinating    (van....that, ven....if)
• Correlative    (hyaewa...ay....both...and)
• Adverbial    (johus....then, avhus....therefore)

PARTICLES ( = dunesi)

• Interjections    ( = tipduni) (hey!....Yoohoo!, hway!....bravo!)
• Cardinal Numbers    (a....one, e....two)
• Letter Names    (a, ba, ca)
• Onomatopeia    (pao!, xux!)
• Abbreviations    (a.g.....etc., a.k.....e.g.)