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False Friends of the Slavist/Kashubian

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Kaszëbsczi jãzëk (Kashubian)

(c. 50 000 native speakers)


kòło
  • is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
  • is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian and for 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘bicycle’ is shared by Cz. and Sln. kolo.
  • The meaning ‘circle’ (krąg) is attested in Pol. koło.
[NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Slk., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk., Bg.]
lëst

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[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
mir
  • has additional meanings in the language of about 298 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech;
  • is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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[NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Slk., Sln., Mk., Bg.]
pòkùj
  • is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
  • has additional meanings in the language of about 298 million native speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech;
  • does not have all its Kashubian meanings in the mother tongue of about 320 million speakers of Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
  • is a true friend for about 6 million native speakers of Slovak;
  • does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Croatian.

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[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo., Bo.]
pamiãtnik
  • does not have all its Kashubian meanings in the mother tongue of about 339 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Bulgarian;
  • does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
pôłnié

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[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
prosto
  • has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish;
  • is a true friend for about 295.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
pùpa
  • is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘doll’ is unique.
  • The meaning ‘bottom, buttocks’ (rzëc, slôdk) is attested in Pol. pupa.
[NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Mk., Bg.]
rujan
  • is a complete false friend for about 6 million native speakers of Croatian;
  • is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
  • does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘October’ is shared by Cz. říjen.
  • The meaning ‘September’ (séwnik, zeptember) is attested in Cr. rujan.
[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
sklep
  • is a complete false friend for about 40 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian;
  • does not have all its Kashubian meanings in the mother tongue of about 260 million speakers of Russian, Czech;
  • is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
  • does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian.

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘cellar’ is shared by Ukr. склеп, Cz. sklep.
  • The Kashubian meaning ‘tomb, vault’ is shared by R. склеп, Ukr. склеп.
  • The meaning ‘decision’ (rozsądzënk, udba) is attested in Sln. sklep.
  • The meaning ‘shop’ (króm) is attested in Pol. sklep.
[NB: No information yet for Blr., LSo., USo., Slk., Mk.]
słowensczi
  • is a complete false friend for about 28 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Macedonian;
  • is a true friend for about 350.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Bulgarian.

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘Slovenian’ is shared by R. словенский, Blr. славенскі, Ukr. словінський, Pol. słoweński, LSo. słowjeński, USo. słowjenski, Sln. slovenski, Cr. slovenski, Bo. slovenski, Bg. словенски.
  • The meaning ‘Slovak’ (słowacczi) is attested in Cz. slovenský, Slk. slovenský.
  • The meaning ‘Slavonic’ (słowiańsczi) is attested in Sb. словенски, Mk. словенски.
[NB: Information complete.]
stolëca

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘capital’ is shared by R. столица, Blr. сталіца, Ukr. столиця, Pol. stolica, Bg. столица.
  • The meaning ‘chair’ (stółk) is attested in Cz. stolice, Slk. stolica, Cr. stolica, Bo. stolica, Sb. столица, Mk. столица.
  • The meaning ‘professorship’ (katédra) is attested in Sln. stolica.
[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
strona
  • is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
  • has additional meanings in the language of about 45.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
  • is a true friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish;
  • does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian.

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[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
szina
  • is a complete false friend for about 266 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian;
  • has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
  • is a true friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
  • does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech, Slovak, Slovenian.

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘rail’ is shared by Ukr. шина, Pol. szyna, Cr. šina, Bo. šina, Sb. шина, Mk. шина.
  • The meaning ‘tyre’ (gumowi réf, mańtel, przëkriwk) is attested in R. шина, Blr. шына, Ukr. шина, Bg. шина.
[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
w prawo
  • is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
  • is a true friend for about 349 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak;
  • does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘to the right’ (w prawo, w prawą) is shared by R. направо, Blr. направа, Ukr. направо, Pol. na prawo, Cz. napravo, Slk. napravo.
  • The meaning ‘straight on’ (prost, na prost, za prost) is attested in Cr. pravo, Bo. pravo, Sb. право, Mk. (на)право, Bg. (на) право.
[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]
zgniełi
  • is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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  • The Kashubian meaning ‘lazy’ is unique.
  • The meaning ‘rotten’ (strëpiałi) is attested in Mk. гнил, Pol. zgniły.
[NB: No information yet for R., Blr., Ukr., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Cr., Bo., Sb., Bg.]
żëwot
  • is a complete false friend for about 39 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovenian;
  • has additional meanings in the language of about 296 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Polish;
  • is a true friend for about 43.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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[NB: No information yet for LSo., USo.]

For additional information on false friends, see the On-line hypertext bibliography by Daniel Bunčić and Ryszard Lipczuk.

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