Flora of New York/Lamiales 1

← Solanales	Flora of New York — Lamiales 1: Oleaceae, Tetrachondraceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae				→ Lamiales 2: Lamiaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

The Lamiales

Family Oleaceae

The Oleaceae (olive family) in New York consists of a handful of native and introduced ash trees, along with a number of non-native shrubs, some of which, primarily the privets, are extremely invasive and create dense thickets. Interestingly, the olive family does not include Elaeagnus species (Russian olive and autumn olive), which are also common alien invasives but are categorized in the Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family) in the Rhamnales.

Tribe Forsythieae

The tribe Forsythieae Taylor ex L. Johnson (1957) contains introduced Forsythia Vahl species, as well as the South Korean Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai.

Forsythia

Forsythia suspensa Forsythia is a popular non-native ornamental shrub, planted at least in part for its bright yellow early spring flowers. In New York, the degree of this popularity is tempered in much of the state where local weather doesn't consistently allow much flowering. The two species listed as having to some extent naturalized in New York are F. viridissima (greenstem forsythia) and F. suspensa (weeping forsythia). It's likely that in recent times the hybrid of the two, Forsythia × intermedia, has been planted at least as much as either of its parents, but it is sterile and also may not reproduce vegetatively as well as F. suspensa, whose arching branches root where they touch the ground, allowing it to do a slow walk into adjacent natural areas.

Forsythia species	Common name	Stem Center	Stem Habit	Leaf type
Forsythia suspensa	weeping forsythia	Hollow except at nodes	Arching
Forsythia viridissima	greenstem forsythia	Pith except at nodes	Upright	Simple
Forsythia × intermedia	hybrid forsythia		Upright or arching	Simple or 3-lobed

Lamiales — Oleaceae — Forsythieae — Forsythia
Genus Forsythia	Forsythia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Forsythia suspensa  (Thunb.) Vahl 1780.  Ligustrum suspensum  Thunb. in… 1784.  Syringa suspensa  Thunb. ex Murray in… 1792.  Lilac perpensa  Lam. in… 1804.  Forsythia suspensa  Vahl in… 1864.  Forsythia fortunei  Lindl. in… 1889.  Forsythia sieboldii  (Zabel) Dippel in… 1901.  Forsythia suspensa variegata Butz in… 1932.  Rangium suspensum  Ohwi in… 1990.  Forsythia giraldiana  f. pubescens  (Rehder) C.S.Niu  ...	Forsythia, Weeping forsythia, Golden-bells	Introduced from  China, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Forsythia viridissima  Lindl. 1846.  Forsythia viridissima  Lindl. in… 1932.  Rangium viridissimum  (Lindl.) Ohwi in… 1942.  Rangium koreanum  var. fertile  Uyeki  in… 1947.  Forsythia viridissima  var. bronxensis  Everett  in… 2004.  Forsythia viridissima  var. incisa  Geerinck  in…	Greenstem forsythia, Green-stemmed forsythia, Golden-bells Forsythia vert	Introduced from  China & Korea, Not naturalized		NYFA: X iNat GBIF	USDA-XX COL WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Forsythia × intermedia  Zabel   Forsythia suspensa ×   Forsythia viridissima 1885.  Forsythia × intermedia Zabel in… 1899.  Forsythia × intermedia  var. densiflora  Koehne  in… 1899.  Forsythia × intermedia  var. divaricata  Koehne  in… 1899.  Forsythia × intermedia  var. vitellina  Koehne  in… 1903.  Forsythia × intermedia  f. densiflora  (Koehne) Schelle  ... 1906.  Forsythia × vitellina  (Koehne) Koehne in… 1906.  Forsythia × spectabilis  Koehne in… 1906.  Forsythia × densiflora  (Koehne) Koehne in…	Border forsythia, Showy forsythia, Hybrid forsythia	Introduced, Not naturalized, Artificial hybrid		NYFA: Xm NYFA: Suffolk (2008) iNat GBIF 21 counties	USDA-X0 COL WFO POWO ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Abeliophyllum

Abeliophyllum distichum Abeliophyllum is a monotypic genus with Abeliophyllum distichum (미선나무, white forsythia) as its only species. It is native to South Korea, where it is listed as endangered. A specimen of this plant was collected at the New York Botanical Garden in 1943. New York State iNaturalist observations of white forsythia were made in 2022 and 2023, the first of which has not been tagged as cultivated.

Lamiales — Oleaceae — Forsythieae — Abeliophyllum
Genus Abeliophyllum	White Forsythia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	{{{4}}} NPT
Abeliophyllum distichum  Nakai. 1919. Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33:153 1922. Abeliophyllum distichum fo. albiflorum Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36:26 1922. Abeliophyllum distichum fo. lilacinum Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36:26 1976. Abeliophyllum distichum var. obtusicarpum T.Lee in J. Korean Pl. Taxon. 7:22 1976. Abeliophyllum distichum fo. eburneum T.Lee in J. Korean Pl. Taxon. 7:22 1976. Abeliophyllum distichum fo. viridicalycinum T.Lee in J. Korean Pl. Taxon. 7:22	White forsythia Korean abelialeaf 미선나무 Miseonnamu	Introduced from  South Korea		iNat: Dutchess (2022) GBIF: Bronx (1943-cult)	Images Wikispecies

Tribe Oleeae

The tribe Oleeae is the largest Oleaceae tribe and was previously treated as subfamily Oleoideae. It contains the four subtribes: Ligustrinae Syringa (lilacs) Ligustrum (privets) Schreberinae Schrebera (East Africa & India, not found in NY) Comoranthus (Madagascar, not found in NY) Fraxininae Fraxinus (ash trees) Oleinae (the remaining 12 genera, of which only Chionanthus is found in NY).

Subtribe Fraxininae

Fraxinus

Fraxinus americana The genus Fraxinus is represented in New York primarily by the three native and economically important ash trees: white ash, black ash, and green ash. All are susceptible to infestation by the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) which has already infested a number of areas in the state and is expected to decimate ash tree populations in the near future.

Lamiales — Oleaceae — Oleeae — Fraxininae — Fraxinus
Genus Fraxinus sect. Melioides	Ash	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Fraxinus americana  L. 1753.  Fraxinus americana  L. 1878.  Fraxinus americana  var. microcarpa  A.Gray 1898.  Fraxinus biltmoreana  Beadle 1947.  Fraxinus americana  var. biltmoreana  (Beadle) J.Wright ex Fernald 1983.  Fraxinus americana  ssp. biltmoreana  (Beadle) A.E.Murray	White ash, American ash Frêne blanc, Franc frêne, Frêne d'Amérique	Native, CoC: 3, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree		NYFA: N	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Fraxinus pennsylvanica  Marsh. 1785. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1788. F. pubescens Lam. 1800. F. lanceolata Borkh. 1865. F. juglandifoliavar. aucubifolia 1894. F. pennsylvanicavar. lanceolata 1947. F. pennsylvanicavar. subintegerrima 1949. F. pennsylvanicafo. aucubifolia	Green ash, Downy ash, Northern red ash Frêne de Pennsylvanie, Frêne rouge	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Fraxinus profunda  (Bush) Bush 1813. Fraxinus tomentosa F.Michx. superfl. 1894. Fraxinus americanavar. profunda 1897. Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush 1897. Fraxinus pennsylvanicavar. profunda 1914. Calycomelia profunda (Bush) Nieuwl.	Pumpkin ash Frêne pubescent	Native, CoC: 8, Impersistent OBL Perennial, Tree		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Fraxinus sect. Fraxinus	Ash	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Fraxinus nigra  Marshall 1785. Fraxinus nigra Marshall 1788. F. sambucifolia Lam. 1790. F. nigravar. sambucifolia 1846. F. americanavar. sambucifolia	Black ash, Brown ash, Hoop ash, Swamp ash, Water ash Frêne noir, Frêne de grève, Frêne gras	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Fraxinus excelsior  L. 1753. Fraxinus excelsior L.	European ash, Black ash Frêne commun, Frêne d'Europe	Introduced from  Eurasia, Impersistent Perennial, Tree		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Ligustrinae

The subtribe Ligustrinae contains the non-native lilacs and privets.

Syringa

Syringa vulgaris The common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) has been grown in the state as an ornamental shrub for centuries and appears to persist only where it has been cultivated, and so it is found to have naturalized mainly around abandoned farmsteads and such. The more recently introduced Japanese tree lilac (Syringa reticulata) however is considered to be potentially invasive, and although it is not yet widespread outside of cultivation in New York, it may be of concern. GBIF shows hundreds of human observations of Syringa reticulata from the 2015 New York City Street Tree Census, giving the appearance on the map that the New York metro area has the highest density of Japanese tree lilacs in the world. The 2010 Syringa reticulata New York Invasiveness Ranking Form showed its invasiveness as unranked.

Lamiales — Oleaceae — Oleeae — Ligustrinae — Syringa
Genus Syringa L.	Lilac	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Syringa vulgaris  L. 1753. Syringa vulgaris L. in Sp. Pl.: 9 1768. Syringa caerulea Jonst. in Dendrogr., ed. 2: 2: 219 1770. Syringa vulgaris var. alba Weston in Bot. Univ. 1: 289 1779. Lilac vulgaris (L.) Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 305 1796. Syringa latifolia Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 13, nom. superfl. 1800. Liliacum album (Weston) Renault in Fl. Orne: 100 1800. Liliacum vulgare (L.) Renault in Fl. Orne: 100 1813. Syringa lilac Thouin in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 20: 145, nom. superfl. 1830. Syringa cordifolia Stokes in Bot. Comm. 1: 33, nom. superfl. 1857. Lilac vulgaris var. alba (Weston) Jacques & Hérincq in Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 54 1889. Syringa alba (Weston) A.Dietr. ex Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 112 1916. Lilac caerulea (Jonst.) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 506	Common lilac, Purple lilac Lilas commun, Lilas vulgaire	Introduced from  southeastern Europe, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: [1],  GRIIS-US: category E, Naturalized		NYFA: X NYFA: 16 counties iNat GBIF 55 counties	USDA-XX COL POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note: WI, CA
Syringa reticulata  (Blume) H. Hara  ssp. reticulata 1851. Ligustrum reticulatum Blume in Mus. Bot. 1:313 1875. Ligustrina amurensis var. japonica Maxim. in Bull.Acad.Imp.Sci.Saint-Pétersbourg 1879. Syringa japonica (Maxim.) Decne. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 2:44 1894. Ligustrina japonica (Maxim.) L.Henry in Jardin 8:102 1941. Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 17:21 1952. Ligustrina reticulata (Blume) Nakai in Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31:91	Japanese tree lilac Lilas japonais	Introduced from  temperate Asia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 31%,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: [2],  GRIIS-US: C3, SNA Tree, shrub		NYFA: 2 counties iNat: 14 counties GBIF: Common	USDA-X0 POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BBG Images Wikispecies Note: NYFA blog
Syringa reticulata  (Blume) H. Hara ssp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S. Greene & M.C. Chang 1857. Syringa amurensis Rupr. in Bull.Cl.Phys.-Math.Acad.Imp.Sci.Saint-Pétersbourg 1859. Ligustrina amurensis (Rupr.) Rupr. in Beitr. Pflanzenk.Russ.Reiches 11:72 1995. Syringa reticulata var. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang in Novon	Amur lilac	Introduced from  temperate Asia, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN BBG Images Wikispecies
Syringa villosa  Vahl 1804. Syringa villosa ssp. villosa Vahlin in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1:38 1888. Syringa emodi var. rosea Cornu in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 60:492 1895. Syringa bretschneideri Lemoine ex Wittm. in Gartenflora 34:499 1910. Syringa villosa var. rosea (Cornu) C.K.Schneid. in Repert.Spec.Nov.Regni Veg. 1910. Syringa wolfii C.K.Schneid. in Repert.Spec.Nov.Regni Veg.9:81 1910. Syringa villosa var. hirsuta C.K.Schneid. in Repert.Spec.Nov.Regni Veg.9:81 1917. Syringa formosissima Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31:105 1918. Syringa hirsuta (C.K.Schneid.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32:132 1921. Syringa robusta Nakai in Fl. Sylv. Kor.10:57 1939. Syringa wolfii var. hirsuta (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder in J.Arnold Arbor.20:427 2007. Syringa villosa ssp. wolfii (C.K.Schneid.) Jin Y.Chen in Acta Phytotax.Sin.	Villous lilac, Late lilac, Japanese lilac	Introduced from  China, No NY reports		NYFA: Not collected iNat: Westchester (cult.) GBIF: Monroe (cult.)	USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note:
Syringa josikaea  J.Jacq. ex Rchb. 1830. Syringa josikaea J.Jacq. ex Rchb. in Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 8:32 1841. Syringa vincetoxifolia Baumg. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 656 1901. Syringa josikaea var. eximia Olbrich in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 1903. Syringa josikaea fo. eximia (Olbrich) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel 1903. Syringa josikaea var. zabelii Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel 1915. Syringa × henryi var. eximia (Olbrich) Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges.	Hungarian lilac	Introduced from  southeastern Europe, No NY reports, Globally Endangered		NYFA: 0 iNat: Cultivated GBIF: Not present in NY	USDA-X0 POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note:

Ligustrum

Ligustrum vulgare European privet In general, the several privet species, none of which are native to the western hemisphere, have been found to be invasive, and some are quite difficult to control where they have naturalized. The New York Flora Atlas reports that Ligustrum obtusifolium (border privet) is by far the most common and invasive of the naturalized privets, but that Ligustrum vulgare (European privet) can be locally quite aggressive as well. Although some sources continue to treat Amur privet as a separate subspecies (Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp. suave), others treat it as a synonym of border privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium).

Ligustrum sp.	young twigs & stalks of floral panicles	floral-panicle length	corolla lobe to tube length ratio	tube length
L. vulgare	hairless or minutely pubescent	longer than 2"	~1/1	2.5 - 3 mm
L. obtusifolium	conspicuously hairy	1" to 2" long	1/3 - 2/3	5 - 8 mm

Lamiales — Oleaceae — Oleeae — Ligustrinae — Ligustrum
Genus Ligustrum	Privet	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ligustrum vulgare  L. 1753. Ligustrum vulgare L. 1877. L. insulense Decne. 1879. L. insulare Decne.	European privet, Common privet, Wild privet, Prim Troène commun, Troène	Introduced from  Europe,  western Asia,  northern Africa, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 68% FACU Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Ligustrum obtusifolium  Siebold & Zucc. ssp. obtusifolium 1846. Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. 1846. Ligustrum obtusifolium  var. obtusifolium   1846. Ligustrum obtusifolium  ssp. obtusifolium   1899. Ligustrum obtusifolium  var. regelianum  Rehder 1900. Ligustrum ibota  var. regelianum  Rehder 1904. Ligustrum regelianum Koehne 1926. Ligustrum ibota  var. obtusifolium  (Siebold & Zucc.) Koidz.	Border privet	Introduced from  Japan,  Korea, Highly invasive,  NYIS: 77%,  GRIIS-US: Invasive, Prohibited, CP-2 NE-4, IPA VT Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-X0 POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Ligustrum obtusifolium  Siebold & Zucc. ssp. suave (Kitag.) Kitag. 1861. Ligustrum amurense Carrière 1924. Ligustrum ibota  var. amurense  (Carrière) Mansf. 1934. Ligustrum ibota  var. suave  Kitag. 1944. Ligustrum obtusifolium  var. suave  (Kitag.) H.Hara. 1946. Ligustrum obtusifolium  var. amurense  (Carrière) Mansf. 1965. Ligustrum obtusifolium  ssp. suave  (Kitag. )Kitag. 1979. Ligustrum suave (Kitag.) Kitag.	Amur privet, Amur river privet	Introduced from  China, Potentially invasive,  NYIS: NA Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: Schenectady (1950) NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Ligustrum ovalifolium  Hassk. 1844. Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. 1850. L. japonicumvar. ovalifolium Blume 1877. L. californicum Decne. 1878. L. medium Franch. & Sav.	California privet, Oval-leaf privet, Garden privet Troène des haies	Introduced from  Japan,  South Korea, Invasive,  NYIS: 45%, CP-3, CT-FL Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Ligustrum (excluded taxa)	Privet	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ligustrum sinense  Lour. 1790. Ligustrum sinense Lour. 1874. L. villosum May 1931. L. microcarpum Kaneh. & Sasaki	Chinese privet, Small-leaf privet	Introduced from  China, Taiwan,  Laos, Vietnam, Potentially invasive,  NYIS: NA		NYFA: U	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Oleinae

Chionanthus

Chionanthus virginicus White fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus) is a usually-dioecious tree that is native to the southeastern US, possiibly as far north as southern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but it has been reported to have naturalized in a few New York counties. It is becoming popular as a small ornamental tree in residential landscapes. There is some evidence that white fringetree in an acceptable host for the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).

Lamiales — Oleaceae — Oleeae — Oleinae — Chionanthus
Genus Chionanthus	Fringetree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chionanthus virginicus  L. 1753. Chionanthus virginicus L. 1794. Chionanthus trifidus Moench in Methodus:478 1796. Chionanthus vernalis Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 14 1797. Chionanthus cotinifolius Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1:47 1812. Chionanthus roseus Barton in Fl. Virgin.:2 1812. Chionanthus triflorus Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1:19 1813. Chionanthus virginicus var. maritimus Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:8 1828. Chionanthus maritimus (Pursh) Prince in Short Treat. Hort.:92 1828. Chionanthus montanus (Pursh) Prince in Short Treat. Hort.:92, nom. illeg. 1838. Chionanthus heterophylus Raf. in New Fl. 3:87 1838. Chionanthus obovatus Raf. in New Fl. 3:87 1838. Chionanthus angustifolius Raf. in New Fl. 3:88 1838. Chionanthus longifolius Raf. in New Fl. 3:88 1840. Chionanthus latifolius Aiton ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:350, nom. nud. 1840. Chionanthus fragrans Edwards ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:351 1857. Ligustrum cotinifolium (Willd.) Jacques in H.A.Jacques & F.Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3:3 1877. Chionanthus luteus Lavallée in Énum. Arbres:173	White fringetree, White fringe-tree, White fringe tree, American fringetree, Old-man's-beard	Introduced from  southeast US, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA, G5 FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Part shade		NYFA: 6 counties iNat: 25 counties	USDA-N0 POWO FSUS Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Chionanthus retusus  Lindl. & Paxton 1852. Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton	Tassel Tree Chinese fringetree	Introduced from  temperate Asia, Cultivated		iNat: 3 counties	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Family Tetrachondraceae

The Tetrachondraceae is a very small family containing only two species of the genus Tetrachondra and a single species of the genus Polypremum. Of these three species, only Polypremum procumbens, juniper leaf, has been reported to have been collected in New York, but it has since been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.

Polypremum

Polypremum procumbens Juniper leaf (Polypremum procumbens L.) is listed as native from Central and Southeastern U.S.A. to Central America, Caribbean, Northeast Colombia to Northern South America. In the United States, it appears to be found from southern New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida and Texas. It is not known to have naturalized in New York State. Although previously listed in the New York Flora Atlas, it has since been excluded.

Lamiales — Tetrachondraceae — Polypremum
Genus Polypremum (excluded taxa)	Juniper leaf	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Polypremum procumbens  L. 1753. Veronica marilandica L. in Sp. Pl.:14 1753. Polypremum procumbens L. in Sp. Pl.:111 1803. Polypremum linnaei Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:83 1840. Polypremum laxum Raf. in Autik. Bot.:17 1840. Polypremum squarrosum Raf. in Autik. Bot.:17 1843. Polypremum schlechtendahlii Walp. in Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 1908. Hasslerella rojasii Chodat in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8:88	Juniperleaf Juniper-Leaf Rustweed Rust Weed	N. America native  southeastern US, N.Y. excluded, Heliophily: 8		NYFA-Excluded iNat: No NY obs. GBIF: Not present in NY	USDA-NN POWO FSUS FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies

Family Plantaginaceae

The Plantaginaceae (Plantain family) contains the 12 tribes Plantagineae, Veroniceae, Digitalideae, Globularieae, Hemiphragmeae, Sibthorpieae, Russelieae, Cheloneae, Gratioleae, Antirrhineae, Callitricheae and Angelonieae. The New York genera are assigned to these tribes as follows: Gratioleae Gratiola (3 species of Hedge-hyssop) Leucospora (1 species of Paleseed) Cheloneae Chelone (3 species of Turtlehead) Penstemon (5 species of Beardtongue) Collinsia (2 species of Blue-eyed-Mary) Antirrhineae Linaria (7 species of Toadflax) Chaenorhinum (1 species of Dwarf-snapdragon) Cymbalaria (2 species of Ivy-leaf oadflax) Kickxia (2 species of Cancerwort) Antirrhinum (1 species of Snapdragon) Misopates (1 species of Snapdragon) Callitricheae Callitriche (5 species of Water-starwort) Hippuris (1 species of Mare's-tail) Digitalideae Digitalis (4 species of Foxglove) Plantagineae Littorella (1 species of Shore-grass) Plantago (14 species of Plantain) Veroniceae Veronica (29 species of Speedwell)

Tribe Gratioleae

Gratiola

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Gratioleae — Gratiola
Genus Gratiola	Hedge-hyssop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Gratiola neglecta  Torr. 1819. Gratiola neglecta Torr.	Northern clammy hedge-hyssop, Clammy hedge-hyssop, American hedge-hyssop Gratiole négligée	Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Gratiola aurea  Muhl. 1811. Gratiola lutea Raf. 1813. Gratiola aurea Muhl. 1920. Gratiola aureavar. obtusa 1935. Gratiola luteavar. obtusa	Golden hedge-hyssop, Golden hedgehyssop, Golden pert Gratiole dorée	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Gratiola virginiana  L.     Gratiola virginiana L.	Virginia hedge hyssop ⓘ Roundfruit hedgehyssop ⓘ	Native, CoC: ?, Endangered OBL Annual-biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Leucospora

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Gratioleae — Leucospora
Genus Leucospora	Leucospora	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Leucospora multifida  (Michx.) Nutt. 1803. Capraria multifida Michx. 1825. Stemodia multifida (Michx.) Spreng. 1834. Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. 1844. Sutera multifida (Michx.) Walp. 1846. Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth.	Narrow-leaved paleseed, Narrow-leaf paleseed, Obe-Wan-Conobea, Cliff conobea	Introduced from  southern Midwest, N. America native, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Cheloneae

Chelone

Chelone glabra white turtle-head Turtleheads are all native to eastern North America, but only the white turtlehead is native to New York State. Although common in New York wetlands and listed as secure, it is also listed as exploitably vulnerable by the state.

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Cheloneae — Chelone
Chelone	Turtlehead	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chelone glabra  L. 1753. Chelone glabra L. 1840. Chlonanthes glabra (L.) Raf. 1929. Chelone chlorantha Pennell & Wherry	White turtlehead, White turtle-head, Snakehead, Smooth balmony Galane glabre	Native, CoC: 6, Secure, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Chelone lyonii  Pursh 1814. Chelone Lyonii Pursh	Pink turtlehead	Introduced, US South native, No NY reports FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Chelone obliqua  L. 1767. Chelone obliqua L. 1935. Chelone obliqua  ssp. typica  (L.) Pennell nom. inval.	Red turtlehead	Introduced, US South native, No NY reports OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 0	USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Penstemon

Penstemon or beardtongue is a large genus of about 250 species of primarily North American herbaceous perennials. The genus name was derived from the Greek penta (five) and stemon (stamen), referring to the flowers, which have five stamens (one sterile and four fertile). Some Penstemon species have been hybridized and selected for horticultural trade. A popular example is Penstemon 'Dark Towers' (2004), which is a cross between an eastern U.S. cultivar: Penstemon digitalis Nutt. 'Husker Red' (Lindgren, 1984) and south-central U.S. hybrid pollen parent: Penstemon 'Prairie Splendor' (Penstemon cobaea Nutt. × Penstemon triflorus A.Heller) (Lindgren, 1993).

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Cheloneae — Penstemon
Genus Penstemon subg. Penstemon sect. Penstemon	Beardtongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Penstemon hirsutus  (L.) Willd. 1753. Chelone hirsuta L. (i) 1800. Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. (i)	Hairy beardtongue, Hairy beard-tongue, Northeastern beard-tongue	Native, CoC: 7, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Penstemon pallidus  Small 1903. Penstemon pallidus Small 1922. P. arkansanusvar. pubescens 1933. P. brevisepalus Pennell	Pale beardtongue, Eastern white beardtongue Penstémon pâle	Native, CoC: 10, Secure FACU-UPL		NYFA: 5	USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Penstemon digitalis  Nutt. ex Sims     Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims     P. laevigatusssp. digitalis     P. laevigatusvar. angulatus	Foxglove beardtongue, Fox-glove beard-tongue, Talus-slope beard-tongue	Introduced, US South native, Naturalized FAC		NYFA: 5	USDA-NX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Penstemon calycosus  Small     Penstemon calycosus Small     P. laevigatusssp. calycosus	Longsepal beardtongue, Long-sepal beard-tongue	Introduced, N. America native, Unk. naturalizaiton		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Penstemon tubaeflorus  Nutt. 1837. Penstemon tubaeflorus Nutt. (i) 1837. Penstemon tubiflorus Nutt. (i) 1949. P. tubaeflorusvar. achoreus Fernald	Funnel-form beardtongue, White-wand beardtongue, Tube beardtongue	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Collinsia

Collinsia verna Collinsia is a North American genus with about 21 species. But only a few are native in the eastern side of the continent, including two that are rarely or no-longer found outside of cultivation in New York.

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Cheloneae — Collinsia
Genus Collinsia Nutt. (1817)	Blue-eyed-Mary	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Collinsia verna  Nutt. 1817. Collinsia verna Nutt. 1818. Linaria tenella F.Dietr. in Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 4: 408 1824. Collinsia bicolor Raf. in Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 1:84 1824. Collinsia alba Raf. in Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 1:85 1824. Collinsia tricolor Raf. in First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ.:13	Blue-eyed Mary Spring blue-eyed Mary Eastern blue-eyed Mary Broad-leaved collinsia Innocence Collinsie printanière	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports, DEC-A FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb, 2n = 14		NYFA: 6 counties iNat: Queens (2023-cult) GBIF: Bronx, Erie	USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany-0 VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Collinsia parviflora  Douglas ex Lindl. 1827. Collinsia parviflora Douglas ex Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 13:t.1082 1834. Collinsia minima Nutt. in J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7:47 1837. Collinsia pauciflora Hook. in Fl. Bor.-Amer., Bot. N. Brit. Amer. 2:94 1878. Collinsia grandiflora var. pusilla A.Gray in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):256 1908. Collinsia diehlii M.E.Jones in Contr. W. Bot. 12:68 1908. Collinsia parviflora var. minima (Nutt.) M.E.Jones in Contr. W. Bot. 12:69 1928. Collinsia parviflora fo. rosea F.A.Warren in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41: 197 1945. Collinsia parviflora var. simplex Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 30(1):62 1951. Collinsia parviflora var. diehlii (M.E.Jones) Pennell in Ill. Fl. Pacific States 3:778	Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary Maiden blue-eyed Mary Few-flowered blue-eyed Mary Blue-lips Small blue-eyed Mary Small-flowered collinsia Collinsie à petites fleurs	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized, 2n = 14, 28, 42		NYFA: Tompkins (1932) iNat: No NY obs. GBIF: Not in NY	USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Antirrhineae

Of the dozen or so species of Antirrhineae (snap-dragon tribe) known to grow in the wild in New York, only oldfield toadflax is considered to be native to the state.

Linaria

Nuttallanthus canadensis The genus Nuttallanthus contains a small number of American toad-flaxes, which are still often included in the much larger Linaria genus. 1754. Linaria Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.:[s.p.] 1756. Elatine Hill in Brit. Herb.:113, nom. illeg. 1763. Peloria Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2:(21) 1860. Saccularia Kellogg in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:17 1940. Trimerocalyx (Murb.) Murb. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N.31:68 1988. Nuttallanthus D.A.Sutton in Rev. Antirrh.:455

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Antirrhineae — Linaria
Genus Linaria sect. Lectoplectron	Toadflax	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Linaria canadensis  (L.) Chaz. 1753. Antirrhinum canadense L. in Sp. Pl.:618 1753. Anarrhinum canadense L. in Sp. Pl.:618 1790. Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz. in Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2:42 1833. Antirrhinum pauciflorum Poepp. ex Chav. in Monogr. Antirrh.: 149 1840. Antirrhinum canadense var. assurgens Raf. in Autik. Bot.: 155 1906. Linaria subandina Diels in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37:427 1923. Antirrhinum stellatum Larrañaga in Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2:191 1936. Linaria canadensis fo. cleistogama Fernald in Rhodora 38:443 1943. Linaria canadensis fo. albina Fernald in Rhodora 45:476 1988. Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton in Rev. Antirrh.:457 1988. Nuttallanthus subandinus (Diels) D.A.Sutton in Rev. Antirrh.:459 2016. Nuttallanthus canadensis fo. albinus (Fernald) G.Wilh. & Rericha in Michigan Bot.	Old-field toadflax, Canada toadflax, Blue toadflax, Field toadflax Linaire du Canada	Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Genus Linaria sect. Linaria	Toadflax	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Linaria vulgaris  Mill.  ssp. vulgaris 1753. Antirrhinum linaria L. in Sp. Pl.:616 1768. Linaria vulgaris Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.° 1 1779. Antirrhinum commune Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:340 1821. Antirrhinum vulgare (Mill.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.2:22 (1822), nom. superfl. 1836. Linaria speciosa Ten. in Fl. Napol. 5:40, nom. illeg. 1840. Peloria linaria (L.) Raf. in Autik. Bot.:156 1882. Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. in Deut. Fl.:947, not validly publ. 1985. Linaria vulgaris ssp. arenosa Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22:272 2000. Linaria arenosa (Tzvelev) Tzvelev in Opred. Sosud. Rast. Severo-Zap. Rossii:680	Butter-and-eggs, Yellow toadflax, Flax-weed, Wild snapdragon, Eggs-and-bacon	Introduced from  Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Refs.		NYFA: 47 counties iNat: 62 counties	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Linaria dalmatica  (L.) Mill. 1753. Antirrhinum dalmaticum L. in Sp. Pl.:616 1768. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°13 1825. Linaria dalmatica ssp. tessala Formánek in Verh.Naturf.Vereins Brünn 1844. Linaria macedonica Griseb. in Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2:19 1879. Linaria smithii Boiss. & Orph. in P.E.Boissier, Fl.Orient. 4:376 1890. Linaria pancicii Janka ex Nyman in Consp.Fl.Eur.Suppl., not validly publ. 1908. Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm. in Bull.Soc.Sci.Nancy, sér. 1909. Linaria dalmatica var. macedonica (Griseb.) Vandas in Reliq. Formán.:426 1929. Linaria zangezura Grossh. in Zhurn. Russk. Bot. Obshch. (1930) 1988. Linaria dalmatica ssp. macedonica (Griseb.) D.A.Sutton in Rev. Antirrh.:321 1995. Linaria dalmatica var. tessala (Formánek) Delip. & M.Popova in Fl.Nar.Republ.Bulgariya	Balkan toadflax, Dalmatian toadflax	Introduced from  Mediterranean, Very highly invasive, Refs., Invasive.org		NYFA: 3 counties iNat: No NY obs GBIF: Bronx (cultivated)	USDA-XX POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Linaria genistifolia  (L.) Mill.  ssp. genistifolia 1753. Antirrhinum genistifolium L. in Sp. Pl.:616 1768. Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°14 1779. Antirrhinum pallidiflorum Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:341 1827. Antirrhinum supinum Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl.Graec. 1840. Peloria genistifolia (L.) Raf. in Autik. Bot.:156 1847. Antirrhinum dalmaticum Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 3:209 1984. Linaria genistifolia ssp. angustata (Wierzb. ex Heuff.) Dostál in Folia Mus. Rerum 2004. Linaria genistifolia var. parviflora (Albov) Zernov in Novosti Sist. Vyssh., nom. illeg.	Broom-leaved toad-flax	Introduced from  Eurasia, Not naturalized		NYFA: New York City iNat: No NY obs. GBIF: Bronx (cultivated)	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Linaria sect. Versicolres	Toadflax	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Linaria maroccana  Hook. f. 1872. Linaria maroccana Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. 98: t. 5983	Moroccan toadflax Morocco toadflax Annual toadflax	Introduced from  Morocco, Impersistent, Not naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: Bronx, Suffolk iNat: 7 counties GBIF: Bronx, Queens	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Linaria sect. Supinae	Toadflax	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Linaria repens  (L.) Mill. 1753. Antirrhinum repens L. in Sp. Pl.:614 1768. Linaria repens (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.° 6 1779. Antirrhinum striatum Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 343 1797. Antirrhinum gallioides Vent. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4:351 1821. Linaria galioides Schult. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1:482, not validly publ. 1844. Linaria striata var. repens (L.) Risso in Fl. Nice:350 1881. Linaria striata var. galioides Lamotte in Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 2:557 1983. Linaria repens var. blanca (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo in Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14:97	Pale toad-flax, Striped toadflax	Introduced, Not naturalized, Ballast grounds		NYFA: New York (1880) iNat: No NY obs. GBIF: Bronx, New York	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Linaria supina  (L.) Chaz.  ssp. supina 1753. Antirrhinum supinum L. in Sp. Pl.:615 1787. Antirrhinum dubium Vill. in Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 437 1790. Linaria supina (L.) Chaz. in P.Miller, Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2:39 1794. Linaria filiformis Moench in Methodus: 523 1799. Antirrhinum bipunctatum Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2:311, auct. 1808. Linaria maritima DC. in Icon. Pl. Gall. Rar.:5 1828. Linaria supina var. maritima (DC.) Duby in Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 345 1827. Linaria dubia (Vill.) Dumort. in Fl. Belg.:34 1971. Linaria supina ssp. maritima (DC.) M.Laínz in Aport. Conoc. Fl. Gallega 7:20	Prostrate toad flax, Lesser butter and eggs	Introduced, Not naturalized, Ballast grounds		NYFA: Kings (1879) iNat: No New World obs. GBIF: Bronx, New York	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Chaenorhinum

Chaenorhinum minus

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Antirrhineae — Chaenorhinum
Genus Chaenorhinum	Dwarf-snapdragon	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chaenorhinum minus  (L.) Lange  ssp. minus 1753. Antirrhinum minus L. in Sp. Pl.:617 1794. Linaria viscida Moench in Methodus:524 1798. Linaria minor (L.) Desf. in Fl. Atlant.2:46 1840. Antirrhinum minor Raf. in Autik. Bot.:156 1842. Linaria praetermissa Delastre in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér.2, 18:151 1869. Microrrhinum minus (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:127 1870. Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr.Fl.Hispan. 1881. Linaria minor ssp. praetermissa (Delastre) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 542 1974. Chaenorhinum minus fo. australior (Simonk.) V.Nikolić in Fl. SR Srbije 6: 161 1980. Microrrhinum praetermissum (Delastre) Speta in Stapfia 7:9	Dwarf snapdragon Small toadflax	Introduced from  continental Europe, Potentially invasive, IPA-US, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 40 counties iNat: 25 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX POWO Images Wikispecies

Cymbalaria

Cymbalaria muralis The genus Cymbalaria

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Antirrhineae — Cymbalaria
Genus Cymbalaria	Cymbalaria	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cymbalaria muralis  G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.  ssp. muralis 1753. Antirrhinum cymbalaria L. in Sp. Pl.: 612 1773. Antirrhinum cimbalaria Neck. in Delic. Gallo-Belg.:267, orth. var. 1768. Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 17 1776. Antirrhinum hederaceum Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:96, nom. superfl. 1779. Antirrhinum hederaceum Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 338, nom. superfl. 1794. Elatine cymbalaria Moench in Methodus: 525 1800. Cymbalaria muralis G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. in Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2:397 1820. Antirrhinum acutangulum Ten. in Fl. Napol. 2: 47 1821. Cymbalaria hederacea Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.2:322 (1822), nom. superfl. 1831. Linaria acutangula Ten. in Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 302 1840. Tursitis cymbalaria (L.) Raf. in Autik. Bot.:156 1846. Antirrhinum cymbalaria Sieber ex Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10:267	Kenilworth ivy Ivy-leaved toadflax Coliseum-ivy	Introduced from  Southern Alps, Naturalized, SNA, GNA Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 14 counties iNat: 27 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX POWO Images Wikispecies
Cymbalaria pallida  (Ten.) Wettst. 1811. Linaria pallida Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1:32 1812. Antirrhinum pubescens Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XXXVI, nom. illeg. 1815. Antirrhinum pallidum Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1:323 1828. Linaria apennina Tausch in Syll. Pl. Nov. 2:247 1891. Cymbalaria pallida (Ten.) Wettst. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.	Italian toadflax	Introduced from  Central Italy, Not naturalized		NYFA: Ulster (1969) iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Not in NY	USDA-00 Images Wikispecies

Kickxia

Kickxia elatine The genus Kickxia contains species known as cancerwort or fluellin.

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Antirrhineae — Kickxia
Genus Kickxia	Cancerwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Kickxia elatine  (L.) Dumort. 1753. Antirrhinum elatine L. 1768. Linaria elatine (L.) Mill. 1827. Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. 1840. Tursitis elatine (L.) Raf. 1891. Elatinoides elatine (L.) Wettst. 1891. Anarrhinum elatum (L.) Kuntze	Sharp-pointed fluellin ⓘ Sharp-leaved fluellen ⓘ Sharp-point toadflax	Introduced from  Eurasia,  northern Africa, Naturalzed		NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties GBIF 2 counties	USDA-XX WFO POWO Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Kickxia spuria  (L.) Dumort. 1753. Antirrhinum spurium L. 1768. Linaria spuria (L.) Mill. 1800. Cymbalaria spuria (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. 1827. Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. 1891. Elatinoides spuria (L.) Wettst.	Round-leaved fluellin ⓘ Round-leaved cancerwort Female fluellin ⓘ	Introduced		NYFA: X NYFA: Queens (1879) GBIF No NY observations	USDA-XX WFO POWO Images Wikispecies

Antirrhinum

Antirrhinum majus

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Antirrhineae — Antirrhinum
Genus Antirrhinum	Snapdragon	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Antirrhinum majus	Garden snapdragon	Introduced, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Misopates

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Antirrhineae — Misopates
Genus Misopates	Snapdragon	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Misopates orontium  (L.) Raf. Antirrhinum orontium L.	Lesser snapdragon	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Tribe Callitricheae

Callitriche

Callitriche palustris vernal water-starwort The Callitriche found in New York are aquatic plants known as water-starworts.

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae —   — Callitricheae —   — Callitriche
Genus Callitriche	Water-starwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Callitriche heterophylla  Pursh ssp. heterophylla     Callitriche anceps Fernald	Diverseleaf water-starwort, Twoheaded water-starwort	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Callitriche palustris  L.     Callitriche verna L.	Vernal water-starwort	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Callitriche terrestris  Raf.     Callitriche austinii Engelm.     Callitriche deflexa A.Braun	Terrestrial water-starwort	Native, Threatened, DEC-B		NYFA: 2-3	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Callitriche hermaphroditica  L.	Autumnal water-starwort, Northern water-starwort	Native, Endangered, DEC-A		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Callitriche stagnalis  Scop.	Pond water-starwort	Introduced, Somewhat invasive,  NYIS: 49%,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: [3],  GRIIS-US: Invasive, Naturalized, SNA OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Hippuris

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Callitricheae — Hippuris
Genus Hippuris	Mare's-tail	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hippuris vulgaris  L. 1953. Hippuris vulgaris L.	Common mare's-tail Hippuride vulgaire, Queue de cheval, Pesse vulgaire	Native, Endangered, DEC-A		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Tribe Digitalideae

Digitalis

Digitalis purpurea

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Digitalideae — Digitalis
Genus Digitalis sect. Digitalis	Foxglove	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Digitalis purpurea  L. 1753. Digitalis purpurea L.	Purple foxglove, Common foxglove, Digitalis, Fairy cap Digitale pourpre, Grande digitale	Introduced from  Europe,  Morocco, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 53%, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Digitalis sect. Globiflorae	Foxglove	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Digitalis lanata  Ehrh. 1792. Digitalis lanata Ehrh.	Grecian foxglove, Woolly foxglove, Woolly digitalis Digitale laineuse	Introduced from  Europe,  Turkey, Somewhat invasive,  NYIS: 37%, Unknown naturalization		NYFA: X iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Digitalis sect. Macranthae	Foxglove	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Digitalis grandiflora  Mill. 1773. Digitalis ochroleuca Jacq. 1768. Digitalis grandiflora Mill. 1768. Digitalis magniflora Mill. 1768. Digitalis orientalis Mill. 1770. Digitalis ambigua Murray 1775. Digitalis flava Georgi 1782. Digitalis lutea-majar Gilib. 1825. Digitalis ambigua  var. grandiflora  Wender. 1838. Digitalis milleri G.Don	Yellow foxglove, Large yellow foxglove Digitale à grandes fleurs	Introduced from  Eurasia, Highly invasive,  NYIS Tier: 2,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: [4], Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Digitalis lutea  L. 1753. Digitalis lutea L. 1773. Digitalis parviflora All. 1907. Digitalis ornata Porta ex Huter	Straw foxglove, Small yellow foxglove Digitale jaune, Digitale à petites fleurs, Petite digitale	Introduced from  Europe, Not naturalized		NYFA: X NYFA: 4 counties iNat GBIF 4 counties	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Tribe Veroniceae

The tribe Veroniceae contains the genera Veronica (Speedwells) and Veronicastrum (Culver's Roots).

Veronicastrum

Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's root Culver's root (Veronicastrum virginicum) is the only species of Veronicastrum reported in New York. It is listed as threatened (S2) in the state, but is widely planted. 1759. Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. in Enum. Meth. Pl.:111 1808. Callistachya Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5:60 1808. Calistachya Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5:352 1835. Calorhabdos Benth. in Scroph. Ind.:44 1900. Botryopleuron Hemsl. in Hooker's Icon. Pl.27: t.2670

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Veroniceae — Veronicastrum
Genus Veronicastrum	Veronicastrum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veronicastrum virginicum  (L.) Farw. 1753. Veronica virginica L. in Sp. Pl.:9 1794. Veronicastrum rubellum Moench in Methodus: 437 1808. Callistachya virginica (L.) Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5:60 1808. Calistachya alba Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5:352 1812. Veronica quinquefolia Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1:28 1818. Leptandra virginica (L.) Nutt. in Gen. N.Amer.Pl.1:7 1829. Leptandra virginica var. purpurea Pursh ex Eaton in Man. Bot. N. States, ed. 5:275 1830. Leptandra purpurea (Raf.) Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:20 1830. Leptandra alba Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:21 1830. Leptandra caerulea Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:21 1830. Leptandra villosa Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:21 1843. Paederota virginica (L.) Torr. in Fl. New York 2:44 1916. Callistachya virginica var. purpurea (Raf.) Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17:177 1917. Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. in Druggists' Circ. 61:231	Culver's root, Blackroot, Bowman's root, Tall speedwell	Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, S2, G4, NYNHP: 2 FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - part shade		NYFA: 32 counties iNat: 25 counties	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Veronica

Veronica scutulata The Flora of North America segregates Veronica by subgenera based on Phil Garnock-Jones et al. (2007) subg. Veronica (V. officinalis, V. scutellata), subg. Beccabunga (V. beccabunga), subg. Pseudolysimachium (V. spicata, V. pseudolysimachion), subg. Pellidosperma (V. praecox), subg. Cochlidiosperma (V. hederifolia), subg. Chamaedrys (V. chamaedrys), subg. Stenocarpon (V. ciliata), subg. Pocilla (V. agrestis), subg. Pentasepalae (V. teucrium).

Veronica subg. Veronica

Veronica scutellata

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Veroniceae — Veronica subg. Veronica
Genus Veronica subg. Veronica	Speedwell	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veronica scutellata  L. 1753. Veronica scutellata L. in Sp. Pl.:12 1801. Veronica scutellata var. villosa Schumach. in Enum. Pl. Saelle 1:7 1809. Veronica parmularia Poit. & Turpin in Fl. Paris.: 16 1818. Veronica uliginosa Raf. in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2:175 1820. Veronica scutellata var. villosa Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl.:7, nom. illeg. 1821. Veronica angustifolia Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:306 (1822), nom. illeg. 1821. Veronica angustifolia var. pubescens Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:307 (1822) 1830. Veronica connata Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:110 1867. Cardia scutellata (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:389 1869. Limnaspidium parmularium Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 1869. Limnaspidium scutellatum Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 1990. Veronica polozhiae Revuschkin in Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk.	Marsh speedwell Skullcap speedwell	Native, CoC: 6, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 18		NYFA: 52 counties iNat: 25 counties	USDA-NN WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica officinalis  L. 1753. Veronica officinalis L. in Sp. Pl.: 11 1787. Veronica allionii var. tournefortii Vill. in Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2:9 1793. Veronica allionii F.W.Schmidt in Fl. Boëm. 1:6, nom. illeg. 1793. Veronica tournefortii (Vill.) F.W.Schmidt in Fl. Boëm. 1:7 1825. Veronica vulgaris Opiz in Naturalientausch 9:111, nom. nud. 1827. Veronica officinalis var. tournefortii (Vill.) Dumort. in Fl. Belg.:36 2003. Veronica vadiniensis R.Alonso, Lence, López Pach., Puente & Penas in Bot.J.Linn.Soc.	Common speedwell Gypsy-weed Common gypsy-weed Véronique officinale	Introduced from  Eurasia,  Macaronesia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 52%,  iMapInvasives,  Invasive.org: [5], Naturalized, SNA FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 18, 36 (Europe)		NYFA: 49 counties iNat: 61 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies

Veronica subg. Beccabunga

Veronica americana Veronica subgenus Beccabunga (Hill) M.M.Mart Ort., Albach & M.A.Fisch. (2004) contains about six species that are found in New York State.

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Veroniceae — Veronica subg. Beccabunga
Genus Veronica subg. Beccabunga	Speedwell	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veronica americana  (Raf.) Schwein. ex Benth. 1824. Veronica intermedia Schwein. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 8:268, nom. illeg. 1830. Veronica beccabunga var. americana Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:109 1832. Veronica anagallis Bong. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 1843. Veronica beccabunga var. americana Torr. in Fl. New York 2:41, nom. illeg. 1846. Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. ex Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 1900. Veronica americana var. crassula Rydb. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1:353 1903. Veronica crenatifolia Greene in Pittonia 5:114 1917. Veronica americana fo. rosea J.K.Henry in Ottawa Naturalist 31:56 1948. Veronica americana fo. albiflora Tatew. ex H.Hara in Enum.Sperm.Japon.	American speedwell American brooklime Véronique d'Amérique Véronique américaine	Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 36		NYFA: 50 counties iNat: 45 counties GBIF: Present in NY	USDA-NN COL POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica peregrina  L.  ssp. peregrina 1753. Veronica peregrina L. in Sp. Pl.:14 1753. Veronica romana L. in Sp. Pl.:14 1779. Veronica laevis Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:444 1782. Veronica marilandica Murray in Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 5:11, nom. illeg. 1788. Veronica caroliniana Walter in Fl. Carol.:61 1789. Veronica pallescens Gaterau in Desc. Pl. Montauban: 27 1791. Veronica carnosula Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1:47 non Hook.f. in Handb. N Zeal. Fl. (1864) 1831. Veronica peruviana Willd. ex A.Dietr. in Sp. Pl., ed. 6.1:534 1935. Veronica peregrina ssp. typica Pennell in Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci.	Common Purslane Speedwell Necklace-weed Neckweed	Native, CoC: 0, Secure, S5, G5-T5 FAC Annual, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 52		NYFA: 30 counties iNat: 4 counties	USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica peregrina  L.  ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell 1818. Veronica xalapensis Kunth in Nov. Gen. Sp. 2:389 1919. Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell in Torreya 19:167 1928. Veronica sherwoodii Peck in Torreya 28:56 1928. Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) H.St.John in N.W.Sci. 2(3):90 1935. Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell in Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1940. Veronica peregrina var. laurentiana Vict. & J.Rousseau in Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 1979. Veronica peregrina f. xalapensis (Kunth) Kitag. in Neolin. Fl. Manshur.	Western Purslane Speedwell Bird's-eye Speedwell Glandular speedwell Hairy purslane speedwell Neckweed	Native, CoC: 3, Rare, S3, G5-T5 FAC Annual, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 52		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica catenata  Pennell  ssp. catenata 1881. Veronica anagallis-aquatica ssp. pallidiflora Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 828 1834. Veronica aquatica Bernh. in Uber Beg. Pflanzen Art.:66, nom. illeg. 1890. Veronica anagallis-aquatica ssp. aquatica Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(2):236 1890. Veronica anagallis-aquatica ssp. aquatica Bernh. ex Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2:236 1909. Veronica anagallis-aquatica proles aquatica (Nyman) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 1917. Veronica anagallis-aquatica var. glandulosa Farw. in Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 19:249 1921. Veronica catenata Pennell in Rhodora 23:37 1921. Veronica catenata var. glandulosa (Farw.) Pennell in Rhodora 23:37 1935. Veronica connata ssp. glaberrima Pennell in Monogr. Acad.Nat.Sci.Philadelphia 1939. Veronica connata var. glaberrima (Pennell) Fassett in Rhodora 41:525 1939. .. Veronica salina fo. laevipes (Beck) Fernald in Rhodora 41:568 1952. Veronica comosa var. glaberrima (Pennell) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 79:174 1952. Veronica comosa var. glandulosa (Farw.) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 79:174	Chained speedwell, Pink water speedwell, Water speedwell, Pennell's speedwell	Native, CoC: 10, Vulnerable, 2n = 36		NYFA: 3-5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica serpyllifolia  L.  ssp. humifusa (Dicks.) Vahl 1785. Veronica tenella All. in Fl. Pedem. 1:75 1794. Veronica humifusa Dicks. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2:288 1800. Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa (Dicks.) Sm. in Fl. Brit. 1:19 1830. Veronica pasquorum var. alpina Hook. in Brit. Fl.: 4 (1830), nom. superfl. 1902, Veronica repens var. tenella (All.) Vayr. i n Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30:557 1987. Veronicastrum serpyllifolium ssp. humifusum (Dicks. ex With.) W.A.Weber	Bright blue speedwell	Native, Likely extirpated, 2n = 14		NYFA: X	USDA-NN WFO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica serpyllifolia  L.  ssp. serpyllifolia 1753. Veronica serpyllifolia L. in Sp. Pl.:12 1768. Veronica capensis Burm.f. in Fl. Indica, Prodr. Fl. Cap.:1 1799. Veronica nummulariifolia Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2:6 1804. Veronica ruderalis Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1:66 1853. Veronica wolffiana Schur in Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. 1867. Cardia officinalis (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:390 1867. Cardia multiflora Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:391 1869. Veronicastrum serpyllifolium (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128	Thyme-leaved speedwell	Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, G5TNR FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 7, 2n = 14		NYFA: X iNat:	USDA-XX POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica anagallis-aquatica  L. 1753. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. in Sp. Pl.:12 1782. Veronica rotundifolioerecta Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 1:116, opus utique oppr. 1782. Veronica longifoliorepens Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 1:117, opus utique oppr. 1791. Veronica michauxii Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1:44 1792. Veronica acutifolia Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 1:119, opus utique oppr. 1796. Veronica palustris Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:92 1867. Cardia amplexicaulis Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:390 1869. Beccabunga anagallis-aquatica (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 1919. Veronica brittonii Porter ex Pennell in Torreya 19:168 1919. Veronica glandifera Pennell in Torreya 19:170 2001. Veronica scardicoides Papch. in Veg. Watercourses Middle-Povolzhya:70	Water speedwell, Blue speedwell, Water pimpernel, Brook pimpernel, Blue water speedwell Mouron d'eau	Introduced, 2n = 36		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Veronica beccabunga  L.  ssp. beccabunga 1753. Veronica beccabunga L. in Sp. Pl.:12 1791. Veronica tenerrima F.W.Schmidt in Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1:198 1792. Veronica rotundifolia Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 1:120, opus utique oppr. 1796. Veronica fontinalis Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:91 1825. Veronica limosa Lej. in Rev. Fl. Spa: 2 1830. Veronica anagallis-aquatica var. tenerrima (F.W.Schmidt) Roth ex Klett & Richt. 1867. Cardia beccabunga (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:390 1869. Beccabunga vulgaris Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 1888. Veronica bacsensis Simonk. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 107 1921. Veronica baxteri House in Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 233-234:11 1930. Veronica bianoris Sennen in Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 85	Brooklime European speedwell Water speedwell	Introduced from  Eurasia, Moderately invasive,  NYIS: 62%, 2n = 18, 36		NYFA: X	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies

Veronica subg. Chamaedrys

Veronica arvensis Veronica subgenus Chamaedrys (W.D.J.Koch) M.M.Mart. Ort., Albach & M.A.Fisch (2004).

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Veroniceae — Veronica subg. Chamaedrys
Genus Veronica subg. Chamaedrys	Speedwell	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veronica arvensis  L. 1753. Veronica arvensis L. in Sp. Pl.:13 1793. Veronica acinifolia F.W.Schmidt in Fl. Boëm. 1:31, nom. illeg. 1867. Cardia arvensis (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 388 1869. Agerella arvensis (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:129	Corn speedwell Wall speedwell Common speedwell Field speedwell Véronique des champs	Introduced, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: 5,  USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X iNat: 53 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Veronica chamaedrys  L.	Germander speedwell	Introduced, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: 3,  USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Veronica verna  L.	Spring speedwell	Introduced, Naturalized,  USGS: L48 established		NYFA: X NYFA: 2 counties GBIF Lewis (1994)	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Veronica dillenii  Crantz	Dillen's speedwell	Introduced, Not naturalized,  USGS: L48 established		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Veronica subg. Cochlidiosperma

Veronica hederifolia

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Veroniceae — Veronica subg. Cochlidiosperma
Genus Veronica subg. Cochlidiosperma	Speedwell	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veronica hederifolia  L. 1753. Veronica hederifolia L. 1839. Cochlidiosperma hederifolium (L.) Opiz 1869. Pocilla hederifolia (L.) Fourr.	Ivy-leaved speedwell ⓘ	Introduced from  Eurasia,,  northern Africa, Potentially invasive,  Invasive.org: 7,  USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb, 2n=56		NYFA: X NYFA: 8 counties GBIF 9 counties	USDA-XX WFO POWO Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Veronica sublobata  M.A.Fisch. 1830. Veronica hederifolia  var. lucorum  Klett & Richt. 1966. Veronica hederifolia  ssp. lucorum  (Klett & Richt.) Hartl 1967. Veronica sublobata M.A.Fisch.	Pink ivy-leaved speedwell ⓘ False ivy-leaved speedwell ⓘ	Introduced		NYFA: Not listed iNat GBIF 8? counties	POWO ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Veronica subg. Pentasepalae

Veronica teucrium Veronica subg. Pentasepalae (Benth.) M. M. Mart. Ort., Albach & M. A. Fisch. is the largest subgenus of Veronica in the Northern Hemisphere, with approximately 70 to 80 species, mainly from Southwest Asia, where his subgenus comprises the majority of perennial Veronica species. Most sources (FNA, POWO, FSUS, COL, VASCAN, etc. as of Jan. 2025) treat Veronica teucrium as the accepted species name for this plant, though a few, including the New York Flora Atlas treat it as Veronica austriaca ssp. teucrium. There are a few "research-grade" iNaturalist observations of Veronica umbrosa M.Bieb. made in New York State. POWO and it's followers list Veronica umbrosa as a synonym of Veronica peduncularis, but POWO states that Veronica umbrosa was accepted following an "alternative taxonomy" by Albach, D.C. (2018). Personal Communication on Veronica 1 Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg.

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Veroniceae — Veronica subg. Pentasepalae
Genus Veronica subg. Pentasepalae	Speedwell	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veronica teucrium  L. 1753. Veronica latifolia L. in Sp. Pl.:13 1762. Veronica teucrium L. in Sp. Pl., ed.2.:16 1773. Veronica pseudochamaedrys Jacq. in Fl. Austriac.1:37 1796. Veronica florida Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, nom. illeg. 1806. Veronica latifolia var. minor Schrad. in Fl. Germ.:36 1827. Veronica teucrium var. minor (Schrad.) Wimm. & Grab. in Fl.Siles., not validly publ. 1852. Veronicastrum latifolium var. latifolium (Schrad.) Opiz in Seznam: 103 1972. Veronica austriaca ssp. teucrium (L.) D.A.Webb in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65:267 1983. Veronica austriaca var. teucrium (L.) O.Bolòs & Vigo in Collect.Bot., nom. superfl. 1993. Veronica austriaca ssp. pseudochamaedrys (Jacq.) Kerguélen in Coll. Patrim. Nat.	Broad-leaved speedwell Broadleaf speedwell Large speedwell	Introduced from  Eurasia, Unknown naturalization, SNA, G5 Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 48, 64		NYFA: 14 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica umbrosa  M.Bieb. 1798. Veronica peduncularis M.Bieb. in Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp.:111 (‽‽‽) 1799. Veronica pedunculata M.Bieb. in J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799, orth. var. 1808. Veronica umbrosa M.Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas.1:11 1820. Veronica nemorum Pall. ex Link in Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3):42 1844. Veronica nigricans K.Koch in Linnaea 17:288 1844. Veronica secundiflora K.Koch in Linnaea 17:288 1847. Veronica chamaedrys var. peduncularis (M.Bieb.) Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 3:243 1849. Veronica phoenicantha K.Koch in Linnaea 22:690 1866. Veronica drymeja Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.:495 1879. Veronica benthamii K.Koch ex Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4:439, not validly publ. 1879. Veronica peduncularis var. umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4:440	Creeping Speedwell	Introduced from  Eurasia, Cultivated		iNat: 3 counties GBIF: none listed	COL WFO POWO Images Wikispecies
Veronica peduncularis  M.Bieb. 1798. Veronica peduncularis M.Bieb. in Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp.:111 1799. Veronica pedunculata M.Bieb. in J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799, orth. var. 1808. Veronica umbrosa M.Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas.1:11 (‽‽‽) 1820. Veronica nemorum Pall. ex Link in Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3):42 1844. Veronica nigricans K.Koch in Linnaea 17:288 1844. Veronica secundiflora K.Koch in Linnaea 17:288 1847. Veronica chamaedrys var. peduncularis (M.Bieb.) Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 3:243 1849. Veronica phoenicantha K.Koch in Linnaea 22:690 1866. Veronica drymeja Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.:495 1879. Veronica benthamii K.Koch ex Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4:439, not validly publ. 1879. Veronica peduncularis var. umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4:440	Creeping Blue Speedwell	Introduced from  Eurasia, Cultivated		iNat: Bronx (cultivated) GBIF: Bronx (1935, 1939)	COL WFO POWO Images Wikispecies
Veronica macrostachya  Vahl 1804. Veronica macrostachya Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1:71 1856. Veronica aleppica Boiss. in Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3:169	Large-spike speedwell Scalloped-leaf speedwell ורוניקה ארוכת-שיבולת Вероника крупноколосая	Introduced from  Lebanon-Syria,  Palestine, Turkey, Cultivated		iNat: Onondaga (cultiv.) GBIF: not present in NY	POWO Images Wikispecies

Veronica subg. Pocilla

Veronica persica The species of Veronica subgenus Pocilla (Dumort.) M.M.Mart. Ort., Albach & M.A.Fisch. that are found in New York State are all in the subsection Agrestes Benth.

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Veroniceae — Veronica subg. Pocilla
Genus Veronica subg. Pocilla	Speedwell	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veronica persica  Poir. 1805. Veronica tournefortii C.C.Gmel. in Fl. Bad. 1:39, nom. illeg. 1808. Veronica persica Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 8:542 1811. Veronica buxbaumii Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1:7, t.1, nom. illeg. 1815. Veronica filiformis DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl.Franç. 1823. Veronica hospita Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 332 1931. Veronica persica var. aschersoniana (E.B.J.Lehm.) Drabble & J.E.Little in J.Bot. 1832. Veronica precox Raf. in Atlantic J. 1: 79 1867. Cardia filiformis Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 389 1869. Pocilla persica (Poir.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:129	Bird's-eye speedwell Persian speedwell Large field speedwell	Introduced from  Iran, Caucasus, Weedy worldwide, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb, 2n = 28		NYFA: 24 counties iNat: ~50 counties	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica polita  Fries  ssp. polita 1811. Veronica didyma Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.):VI 1819. Veronica polita Fr. in Novit. Fl.Svec.:63, nom. cons. 1823. Veronica agrestis var. carnosula Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl.Fl. 1824. Veronica agrestis var. polita (Fr.) Wahlenb. in Fl. Suecica 1:11 1834. Veronica agrestis ssp. polita (Fr.) Schübl. & G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 12 1867. Cardia didyma (Ten.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 388 1869. Pocilla polita (Fr.) Fourr. in Ann.Soc.Linn.Lyon, n.s. 1882. Veronica agrestis var. didyma (Ten.) Pomata in Anales Soc.Esp.Hist.Nat. 1912. Veronica thellungiana (E.Lehm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. in Fl. Tirol 6(3): 272	Wayside speedwell Gray speedwell Grey field speedwell Véronique luisante Véronique à feuilles luisantes	Introduced from  Europe to Central Asia,  Western Himalayas,  Canary Islands to N. Somalia, Naturalized Annual, Herb-forb, 2n = 14 (Eurasia)		NYFA: 7 counties iNat: 25 counties	USDA-XX POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica filiformis  Sm. 1791. Veronica filiformis Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 1:195 1853. Veronica sibthorpiifolia Chaub. in Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 19:233	Slender speedwell	Introduced, Naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 14 (Europe).		NYFA: 7 counties iNat: 33 counties	USDA-XX Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica agrestis  L. 1753. Veronica agrestis L. in Sp. Pl.:13 1867. Cardia agrestis (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 388 1902. Veronica polita var. agrestis (L.) Vayr. in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30: 557	Field speedwell Green field speedwell Véronique agreste	Introduced from  Macaronesia,  Europe to Medit., Unknown naturalization, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb, 2n = 28		NYFA: 7 counties iNat: No NY obs.	USDA-XX POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Veronica biloba  L.     Pocilla biloba (L.) W.A. Weber	Two-lobe speedwell	Introduced, NY excluded		NYFA-Excluded iNat: Western US	USDA-XX FNA Images Wikispecies

Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Veroniceae — Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium
Genus Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachion	Speedwell	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veronica longifolia  L. 1753. Veronica longifolia L. 1852. Pseudolysimachion longifolium (L.) Opiz	Longleaf speedwell, Long-leaf speedwell, Long-leaved speedwell, Garden speedwell	Introduced, Eurasia native		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Veronica spicata  L. 1753. Veronica spicata L. 1769. Veronica orchidea Crantz 1817. Veronica barrelieri Schult. 1852. Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz 1950. Veronica hololeuca Juz.	Spike speedwell	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Veronica bachofenii  Heuff. 1821. Veronica grandis Fisch. ex Spreng. misapplied 1835. Veronica bachofenii Heuff. 1967. Pseudolysimachion bachofenii	Heartleaf speedwell, Heart-leaved speedwell	Introduced from  eastern Europe, Impersistent, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Tribe Plantagineae

Littorella

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Plantagineae — Littorella
Genus Littorella	Shore grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Littorella americana  Fernald 1753. Plantago uniflora L. 1859. Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. 1918. Littorella americana Fernald 1952. Littorella uniflora var. americana Gleason 1996. Plantago americana Rahn	American shore-grass, American shore plantain, American shore weed	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports, SH, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies Note:

Plantago

Plantago subg. Plantago

Plantago rugelii black-seeded plantain

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Plantagineae — Plantago subg. Plantago
Genus Plantago subg. Plantago	Plantain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Plantago rugelii  Decne.	Rugel’s plantain ⓘ Blackseed plantain ⓘ Black-seeded plantain American plantain ⓘ	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Plantago virginica  L.	Virginia plantain, Pale-seeded plantain, Hoary plantain	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Plantago cordata  Lam. 1792. Plantago cordata Lam.	Heart-leaved plantain, Heartleaf plantain, Kingroot	Native, Rare OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Plantago pusilla  Nutt.	Dwarf plantain	Introduced, N. America native			USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Plantago heterophylla  Nutt.	Slender plantain	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Plantago major  L.	Common plantain, Nipple-seeded plantain	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Plantago media  L.	Lamb's tongue plantain ⓘ Hoary plantain ⓘ Plantain moyen ⓘ Plantain bâtard ⓘ	Introduced from  Eurasia		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Plantago subg. Plantago (excluded taxa)	Plantain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Plantago eriopoda  Torr.	Redwool plantain	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Plantago subg. Coronopus

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Plantagineae — Plantago subg. Coronopus
Genus Plantago	Plantain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Plantago maritima  L. var. juncoides     Plantago juncoides Lam.     Plantago maritimassp. borealis     Plantago oliganthos	Seaside plantain	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2-3	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Plantago coronopus  L.	Buckhorn plantain	Introduced, Rare		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Plantago subg. Psyllium s.l

This subgenus combines subg. Psyllium s.s and subg. Albicans, which have been found to be polyphyletic when treated separately.

Lamiales — Plantaginaceae — Plantagineae — Plantago subg. Psyllium s.l
Genus Plantago	Plantain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Plantago aristata  Michx.	Largebracted plantain, Rat-tail plantain, Western ripplegrass	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NX Images Wikispecies
Plantago patagonica  Jacq.	Woolly plantain	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Plantago lanceolata  L.	English plantain, Narrowleaf plantain, Narrow-leaved plantain	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Plantago arenaria  Waldst. & Kit. 1753. Plantago psyllium L., nom. utique rej. 1759. Plantago indica L., nom. utique rej. 1794. Plantago scabra Moench 1801. Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit.	Flaxseed plantain ⓘ Sand plantain ⓘ	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Family Scrophulariaceae

The Scrophulariaceae (figwort Family) ...

Tribe Scrophularieae

The tribe Scrophularieae Dumort contains six genera with about 530–750 species worldwide, two genera of which (Scrophularia and Verbascum are found in New York State.

Scrophularia

Scrophularia lanceolata The genus Scrophularia (figwort) has about five species found in the wild in New York State. 1753. Scrophularia Tourn. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 619 1834. Ceramanthe (Rchb.) Dumort. in Not. Scroph.:7 1869. Tomiephyllum Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:125 1869. Venilia Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:125 1884. Oreosolen Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4:318 1912. Tuerckheimocharis Urb. in Symb. Antill. 7:373 1992. Scrophucephalus A.P.Khokhr. in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. (1993)

Lamiales — Scrophulariaceae — Scrophularieae — Scrophularia
Genus Scrophularia	Figwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Scrophularia lanceolata  Pursh 1813	Hare figwort, Lanceleaf figwort, American figwort	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Scrophularia marilandica  L. 1753	Carpenter's square, Figwort, Eastern figwort, Maryland figwort	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Scrophularia nodosa  L. 1753	Woodland figwort, Common figwort, Figwort	Introduced, Eurasia native		NYFA: X	USDA-NX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Scrophularia auriculata  L. 1753 S. aquatica auct.	Shoreline figwort, Water betony, Water figwort	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Scrophularia canina  L.	French figwort	Introduced, Not naturalized		NYFA: New York (1880) iNat: No New World obs.	Images Wikispecies

Verbascum

Lamiales — Scrophulariaceae — Scrophularieae — Verbascum
Genus Verbascum	Mullein	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Verbascum blattaria  L. 1753. Verbascum blattaria L.	Moth mullein, White moth mullein	Introduced, Eurasia native, N. Africa native		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Verbascum thapsus  L. 1753 1753. Verbascum thapsus L.	Common mullein, Great mullein Molène, Bouillon blanc	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Verbascum lychnitis  L. 1753. Verbascum lychnitis L.	White mullein	Introduced, Eurasia native		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Verbascum × spurium  K.Koch   Verbascum lychnitis ×   Verbascum thapsus 1837. Verbascum spurium K.Koch	Mullein	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Verbascum phlomoides  L. 1753 1753. Verbascum phlomoides L.	Orange mullein, Clasping-leaved mullein	Introduced, Eurasia native		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Verbascum phoeniceum  L. 1753. Verbascum phoeniceum L. 1753. Verbascum phoenicium L.	Purple mullein	Introduced, Eurasia native		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Verbascum sinuatum  L. 1753. Verbascum sinuatum L.	Wavyleaf mullein, Wavy-leaved mullein, Black-leaved mullein, Scallop-leaved mullein	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 ITIS Images Wikispecies

Tribe Limoselleae

Limosella

Limosella australis

Lamiales — Scrophulariaceae — Limoselleae — Limosella
Genus Limosella	Mudwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Limosella australis  R. Br. 1804. Limosella tenuifolia J.P.Wolff 1806. Limosella aquatica  ssp. tenuifolia  (J.P.Wolff) Pers. 1810. Limosella australis R.Br. 1817. Limosella subulata E.Ives 1905. Limosella aquatica  var. tenuifolia  (J.P.Wolff) Hook.f.	Atlantic mudwort ⓘ Welsh mudwort Delta Mudwort ⓘ Limosella à feuilles subulées ⓘ	Native, CoC: 10, Rare, Vulnerable, S2, G4-5 OBL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3 iNat	USDA-NN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Buddlejeae

Buddleja

Buddleja davidii One species of Butterfly bush, Buddleja davidii has escaped cultivation and become invasive in New York State. It has been widely planted to attract butterflies and birds, but it has been found to be invasive in many temperate locations outside of its native range in China. Butterfly-bush should not be confused with butterfly-weed (Asclepias tuberosa), which is a native milkweed.

Lamiales — Scrophulariaceae — Buddlejeae — Buddleja
Genus Buddleja	Butterflybush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Buddleja davidii  Franch. 1888. Buddleja davidii Franch.	Orange-eyed butterfly-bush, Orange-eye butterfly-bush, Orange eye butterflybush, Butterfly bush, Orange eye, Summer lilac Arbre aux papillons, Lilas d'été	Introduced from  China, Invasive,  NYIS: 45% FACU Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies