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Lombard/Adjective degrees

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Lombard language course
Morphology of Lombard language

Articles
Nouns
Adjectives • Adjective degrees
Pronouns • Subject personal pronouns •• Object and term personal pronouns •• Pronominal and adverbial particles - Demonstrative pronouns •• Possessive pronouns •• Indefinite pronouns
Verbs • Moods and tenses •• Infinitive •• Gerund and gerundial complements •• Participle - Present Indicative •• Past Indicative (Perfect Indicative) •• Imperfect Indicative •• Past Perfect Indicative •• Simple Future Indicative •• Compound Future Indicative •• Present Subjunctive •• Past Subjunctive (Perfect Subjunctive) •• Imperfect Subjunctive •• Past Perfect Subjunctive •• Present Conditional •• Past Conditional •• Present Imperative •• Future Imperative •• Continuous construction ••• Irregular verbs
••• Auxiliary verbs
••• Modal verbs
••• Phrasal verbs
Prepositions and prepositional locutions
Adverbs and adverbial locutions
Pronominal and adverbial particles
Negation
Other constructions replacing the adverbs "easily" and "hardly"
Conjunctions and conjunctive locutions

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Lombard The reference orthography for this page of Lombard course is New Lombard orthography

Comparative

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Western lombard

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Type of comparative Rule Examples
Greater than comparative
(adjective, comparison between nouns - or pronouns) 		1) pussee + adjective +de/che

2) adjective + pussee + de/che

1) El March l'è pussee bell del Lessi
(Mark is more beautiful than Alexios)

2) El March l'è bell pussee del Lessi
(Mark is more beautiful than Alexios)

Greater than comparative

(adjective, comparison between nouns - or pronouns)

1) men + adjective + de/che...

2) agetiv + men + de/che...
3) minga/nò + (inscì) + adjective + come

1) El March l'è men bell del Lessi
(Mark is less beautiful than Alexios)

2) El March l'è bell men del Lessi
(Mark is less beautiful than Alexios)
3) El March l'è minga inscì bel come 'l Lessi
(Mark is less beautiful than Alexios)

Comparative of equality

(adjective, comparison of nouns - or pronouns)

1) adjective + come...

2) adjective + compagn de/istess de...
3) tanto adjective + quanto...
4) adjective + tanto quanto...
5) adjective (pl.) + compagn

 1) El March l'è bell come 'l Lessi
(Mark is as beautiflus as Alexios)

2) El March l'è bell compagn del Lessi
(Mark is as beautiflus as Alexios)
3) El March l'è tanto bell quanto el Lessi
(Mark is as beautiflus as Alexios)
4) El March l'è bel tanto quanto el Lessi
( Mark is as beautiflus as Alexios)
5) El March e 'l Lessi inn bei compagn
(Mark and Alezios are equally beatiful)

Greater than comparative

(adjective, comparison between adjectives)

1) pussee + adjective1 + che + aggetivo2

2) adjective1 + pussee che + adjective2
3) pussee che + adjective2, adjective1

 1) El March l'è pussee bel che inteligent
(Mark is more beatiful than intelligent)

2) El March l'è bell pussee che inteligent
(Mark is more beatiful than intelligent)
3) El March l'è pussee che inteligent, bell
(Mark more than intelligent, is beautiful)

Minority comparison

(adjectives, comparison between adjectives)

1) men + adjective1 + che + adjective2
 1) El March l'è men bell che inteligent
(Mark is less beautiful than intelligent)
Greater than comparative

(verb, any comparison)

1) term 1 + verb + pussee (+ che + term 2)
 1) Incoeu hoo mangiad pussee (che jer)
(Today I ate more than yesterday)
Comparative of minority

(verb, any comparison)

1) term 1 + verbo + de men (+ che + term 2)
 1) Incoeu hoo mangiad de men (che jer)
(Today I ate less than yesterday)
Progressive greater than comparative

(progressive comparison between the adjective itself)

1) semper/an’mò pussee + adjective 1) El March l'è 'dree a diventà semper pussee bel
(Mark is getting more and more beautiful)
Progressive comparative of minority

(progressive comparison between the adjective itself)

1) semper men + adjective 1) El March l'è 'dree a diventà semper men bel
(Mark is getting less and less beautiful)
Progressive greater than comparative

(progressive comparison between sentences)

1) compù + sentence1 + compù + sentence 2

2) pussee che + sentence1 + con pussee che + sentence 2

 1) Compù te studiareet compù te imparareet
(The more you study, the more you will learn)

1a) Compù te diventet grand compù te diventet bell
(The more you grow, the more beautiful you become)
2) Pussee ch' a mangi con pussee ch' a vegni grass
(The more I eat, the fatter I get)

Progressive minority comparison

(progressive comparison between sentences)

1) manch + fras1 + manch + fras 2
 1) Manch te studiareet manch te imparareet
(The less you study the less you will learn)

Nota

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The constructions indicate have been exemplified with the Milanese dialect; depending on the dialect there may be slight variations in the words.

References

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  • Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, 1839, Vol. 1 pag. 416
  • Claudio Beretta, A lezione di grammatica milanese, Circolo Filologico Milanese, pag.55

Eatern lombard

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Western Lombard: pussee --> Eastern Lombard: pioeu

Western Lombard: men --> Eastern Lombard: meno

Alpine Lombard

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Superlative

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Western Lombard

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Type of superlative Rule Example
Absolute superlative 1) adjective + -issim/-issem

2) assosenn/sossenn/molto + adjective
3) adjective + adjective
4) adjective + comè
5) stra- + adjective
6) arci- + adjective
7) ultra- + adjective
8) adjective + -ent/-ento
9) agetiv + de mat

 1) grand --> grandissim
(big → very big)

2) grand --> assosenn/sossenn/molto grand
(big → very big)
3) grand --> grand grand
(big → very big)
4) grand --> grand comè
(big → big indeed)
5) caregh --> stracaregh
(loaded → overloaded)
6) stuf --> arcistuf
(sick → (oversick) /sick and tired)
7) potent --> ultrapotent
(powerful → ulrtrapowerful)
8) ciar --> ciar ciarent[1]
(clear → very clear)
9) bon --> bon de mat
(good → insanely good)

Relative superlative of majority el/la pussee adjective

with regard to the possibility, to be able to succeed→
→el/la pussee adjective possibil

bell → el/la pussee bell/bella
(the most beautiful (feminine/masculine))

coerent → el/la pussee coerent/coerenta possibil
(as consistent as possible (feminine/masculine))

Relative superlative of minority el/la men adjective

in a similar way with regard to the possibility

bell/bella --> el/la men bel/bella
(the least beautiful (feminine/masculine))
  1. ↑ for one-syllable masculine or two-syllable feminine adjectives with "oeu" on the first syllable, in forming the superlative there is the apophony “"oeu" to "o"”, for example noeuva → noventa, noeuv → novent

Eastern lombard

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Alpine lombard

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