Lombard/Adverbs and adverbial locutions
The reference orthography for this page of Lombard course is New Lombard orthography |
Adverb and adverbial locution of manner
[edit | edit source]Lombard adverb | Translation into English |
---|---|
ben | (a) well; (b) OK[1]; (c) good[1] |
benon | very well |
mal | (a) bad; (b) badly |
mej | (a) better |
pesg | (a) worse |
inscì | (a) so; (b) thus; (c) such |
- ↑ a b These are adjectives in English, but some lombard constructions in the type "andà" + adverb (the verb used is "andà", "to go") are transformed into English with "to be" + adjective
Under the influence of Italian language, a class of adverbs of manner has established itself, formed from the root of the adjective followed by the ending -ament:
- giustament = rightly, justly
In other cases, there are some periphrases:
- a la svelta = quickly
However, there are also cases of adverbs typical only of Lombard:
- inevid: reluctantly, unwillingly
- adasi: slowly
Adverb locutions are also widespread:
- a bellasi: slowly
- in genoggion: kneeling, on one's knees
- a tomborlon: tumbling down
- de balosset: cunningly
- de cativ: badly
- adasi adasi = very slowly
Adverbs and adverbial locutions of place
[edit | edit source]Adverbs of place
[edit | edit source]Lombard adverb | Translation into English | Examples | Dialet |
---|---|---|---|
adree (1) | (1) after (with approach motion); (2) in tow | ||
adass (1) | below | (1) MI | |
dedree (1) |
behind (state in place) | (1) MI | |
debass (1) |
down, downstairs | (1) MI | |
apress (1) aproeuv (2) |
close, near | (1) MI (2) BG | |
arent (1) | close | ||
vesin (1) visin (2) |
close | ||
lontan (1) | far | ||
dessoravia (1) | above (with enfasis for being abel to stay above or for occpying even the space above), afloat | ||
denanz (1) | in front | ||
impari (1) | (a) perfectly side by side and not a bit ahead or a bit behind (b) in comparison (one next to the other also in a figurative sense in order to make a comparison) |
||
inanz (1) | forward | ||
contra (1) | against | ||
intorna (1) entoren (2) |
around | (1) MI (2) BG | |
indree (1) | (a) back; (b) behind | ||
(in) depertut (1) dapartut (2) |
everywhere | (1) MI BG (2) VA | |
(in) depermì (in) depertì |
alone (1st person singular) alone (2nd person singular) |
||
lì (1) là (2) |
there, there | ||
lilinscì (1) | there (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out there), in that place | ||
chì (1) scià (2) |
here | ||
chichinscì (1) | here (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out here), in this place | ||
chì-lò (1) chì-loga (2) |
here (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out here), in this place | (1-2) MI (archaic) | |
tut-intorna (1) | all around |
Interrogative adverbs of place
[edit | edit source]Used for the construction of the interrogative sentences about the site/location/place.
Adverb | Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
indove (1a)[1] indova (2a)[1] indovè (1b-2b)[2] |
Where | ||
de indove (1a)[1] de indova (2a)[1] de indovè (1b-2b)[2] |
Where .... from |
- Note
Adverbial locutions of place
[edit | edit source]Locuzione avverbiale | Traduzione in italiano | Esempi | Dialet |
---|---|---|---|
a galla (1) | afloat | ||
a uss a uss (1) | neighbours[1] | ||
chì adree (1) | nearby | MI | |
depos a l'uss (1) | close to home | ||
(in) de tute i part (1) | everywhere | ||
(in) de qualsessia part (1) | anywhere, in any place | ||
de dree (1) | behind (state in place) | ||
de facia (1) | opposite (state in place) | ||
de foeura (1) | outside | ||
de dent (1) | inside | ||
de sora (1) | (1) above; (2) upstairs | ||
de sota (1) | below, under | ||
de bass (1) | downstairs | ||
de là (1) | beyond??? | ||
in fond (1) | (1) at the end; at the bottom, down | ||
indove (1) | where (as a pronoun) to construct relative sentences |
||
in mez (1) | in the middle | ||
in pari (1) | (a) perfectly side by side and not a bit ahead or a bit behind (b) in comparison (one next to the other also in a figurative sense in order to make a comparison) |
||
a voltra (1) | out, to the surface (becoming visible while it wasn't before) |
vegnì a voltra | MI |
in groppa (1) | on one's back | ||
(in) d'una quai part (1) | somewhere | ||
in tut i canton (1) | everywhere | MI | |
lì adree (1) | in the neighborhood | MI |
- Note
- ↑ in English it is translated with this noun following the verb to be
Interrogative adverbial locutions of place
[edit | edit source]Used for the construction of interrogative sentences and dubitative sentences
Locution | English translation | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
in de che part (1) | which way |
Adverbial particle "ghe"
[edit | edit source]►►► see ►►► Adverbial particles
Adverbs and adverbial locutions of time
[edit | edit source]Adverbs of time
[edit | edit source]Adverb | Translation into English |
Examples | Dialect | Corresponding conjuctive locution |
Translation into English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ancamò (1) anmò (2) amò (3) |
(a) again (b) still (c) yet |
- | |||
adess (1) | (a) now (b) right now |
- | |||
dessadess (1) adsedess (2) delsadess (3) |
just now | ||||
despess (1) | often | - | |||
doman | tomorrow | ||||
dopo (1) despeou (2) |
later | dopo che | after | ||
finalment (1) | finally | - | |||
finadess (1) | (a) so far (b) up to now (c) until now |
- | |||
sgiamò (1) | already | (1) MI BG | - | ||
incoeu (1) ancoeu (2) |
today | (1) MI (2) BG |
|||
instora (1) | at this moment | (1) MI (arcaico) | - | ||
intratanta (1) | meanwhile, in the meantime | - | |||
intanta (1) | meanwhile | intanta che | while | ||
jer | yesterday | ||||
mai (1) | (a) never (b) ever |
- | |||
meneman (1) maneman (2) |
gradually | maneman che | as quickly as, hand in hand that | ||
nananmò (1) gnamò (2) nancamò (3) nanmò (4) nonanmò (5) |
not...yet | - | |||
oramai (1) ormai (2) |
by now | (1) MI (2) MI |
- | ||
poeu (1) po (2) |
then | (1) MI (2) BG |
- | ||
prima (1) | before | prima che | before | ||
pù (1)
pioeù (2) |
(a) not anymore (b) no longer |
(1) MI (2) BG |
- | ||
inanz (1) | before | inanz che | before | ||
semper (1) sempro (2) |
always | (1) MI (2) Lagh |
semper che | assuming (that) | |
sovenz (1) | frequently often |
||||
subit |
immediately, right away |
Adverbial locution of time
[edit | edit source]Adverbial locution | Translation into English | Examples | Dialect | Corresponding conjuctive locution |
Translation into English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a 'st'ora (1) | at this point | MI | |||
adree a la man (1) | each time as they occur | MI | |||
a momenti (1) | any minute, shortly | MI | |||
al dì d'incoeu (1) | nowadays | MI | |||
a la fin (1) | at the end, finally, in the end, eventually, ultimately | MI | |||
a la fin di fin (1) | after all, ultimately | MI | |||
a la svelta (1) | quickly | MI | |||
bell bellin (1) | little by little | MI | |||
di volte (1) | sometimes | MI | |||
de chì inanz (1) | (a) from now on (b) from here on out |
MI | |||
de dì in dì (1) | day by day | MI | |||
de lì adree (1) | shortly thereafter, quickly thereafter | MI | |||
de lì e lì (1) | at any moment, at any time | MI | |||
d'ora inanz (1) | (a) from now on (b) from here on out |
MI | |||
dent per dent (1) | from time to time | MI | |||
de maneman (1) | gradually, a little at a time | MI | |||
de rar (1) | rarely, seldom | MI | |||
de spess (1) | often, frequently | MI | |||
de solit (1) | usually | MI | |||
de strasora (1) | after hours | MI | |||
de tant in tant (1) | from time to time | MI | |||
de 'sti dì (1) | these days | MI | |||
d'un moment con l'alter (1) | at any moment, any minute now | MI | |||
fin'a l'ultim (1) fina in ultim (2) |
to the bitter end | (1) MI (2) MI | |||
foeura d'ora (1) | after hours | MI | |||
in d'un bof (1) | in a breath | MI | |||
in men de quell (1) | in no time | MI | |||
in (sui) ultim (1) | at the end | MI | |||
in sul moment (1) | on the spot, at the time | MI | |||
in seguit (1) | (a) after; (b) afterward | MI | |||
per adess (1) | for now | MI | |||
per intanta (1) | for the moment | MI | |||
per semper (1) | forever | MI | |||
prima de tut (1) | first of all | MI | |||
per un poo de volte (1) | for a few times, several times | MI | |||
poch a poch (1) | little by little, gradually | MI | |||
(una) quai volta (1) | sometimes | ||||
quand se sia (1) | when it happens | MI | |||
tra poch (1) | shortly | MI | |||
via via (1) | progressively | via via che | as |
Adverbial locutions of time
[edit | edit source]Usage for interrogative sentences
Adverb | Translation into English |
Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
Quandè che (1) | When |
Adverbs e adverbial locution of quantity
[edit | edit source]Adverbs of quantity
[edit | edit source]Adverbs in lombard | Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
apena (1) | just | MI | |
altertant (1) | just as, equally | MI | |
almanch (1) almen (2) per el manch (3) |
at least | (1) MI (2) MI (3) MI | |
assee (1) | quite, enough | MI | |
assosenn (1) sossenn (2) |
very | (1) MI (archaic) (2) MI | |
circa (1) | about, around | MI | |
circumcirca (1) | roughly, approximately | MI | |
domà (1) | just | MI | |
fess (1) fiss (2) |
very | (1) Eastern Lombard | |
fina-mai (1) | extremely | (1) MI | |
molto (1) | very | MI | |
pressapoch (1) | roughly, mor or less | MI | |
quasi (1) squas (2) |
almost | MI | |
pussee (1) pioeù (2) |
most | (1) MI (2) BG | |
trop (1) | too | MI | |
piuttosto (1) | pretty | MI |
Locuzioni avverbiali di quantità
[edit | edit source]Locuzione in lombardo | Traduzione in italiano |
Esempi | Dialetto |
---|---|---|---|
pussee o men (1) | more or less | MI | |
del poch al tant (1) | slightly more or less | MI | |
lì adree a (1) | about, approximately | MI |
Adverbs and adverbial locutions of addition
[edit | edit source]Adverbs of addition
[edit | edit source]These words, within the sentence, depending on how they are used, can also play the role of copulative conjunctions
Adverb in Lombard |
translation into English | Ezemples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
inoltra (1) | also | (1) MI | |
dessorapù (1) | in addiction | (1) MI | |
anca (1) | also, moreover | (1) MI |
Adverbial locution of addiction
[edit | edit source]Adverbial locution in Lombard |
translation into English | Ezemples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
in pu (1) | furthermore | (1) MI | |
per de pu (1) | furthermore | (1) MI | |
de sora maross (1) | in addiction, as an extra | (1) MI | |
in pagament (1) | moreover, furthermore | (1) MI |
Adverbs of evaluation
[edit | edit source]Affirmative adverbs and adverbial locutions
[edit | edit source]Affirmative adverbs
[edit | edit source]Adverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
si [1](1) | yes | MI | |
of [2](1) | (a) Pheuw (b) Yeah |
MI | |
sigura (1) | definitively | MI |
Adverbs of evaluation
[edit | edit source]Adverbial locution in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
de sicur (1) | definitively | MI |
Other expressions: sigura de sì= yes of course
- Note
- ↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
- ↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
Negating adverbs
[edit | edit source]Adverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
nò(1a) nò [1][2](1b) * |
(a) not (b) no |
(1a) Mi ghe credi nò (I don't believe it.) |
(1a) MI Br PV LO (1b) All dialects |
no (0) * | not | (0) Mi no credi pù a nagot I don't believe in anything anymore. |
(0) |
minga (1) menga (2) mia (3) mea (4) miga (5) migna (6) * |
not | (1) Mi ghe credi minga (I don't believe it.) |
(1) MI (2) Lagh (3) MI [3]BG PV (4)VA (5)Vtel (6)CO |
nanca (1) nanch (2) gnanca (3) neanca (4) gnanch (5) |
(a) not even (b) not either |
(1-2-3-5)MI (4)Lagh |
Also nananmò - and its dialectal variants - (not yet) and mai (never) are negating adverbs.
* the use of negative adverbs is explained here and here.
- Note
- ↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
- ↑ spelling rule is still not unique, it can also be written without accent
- ↑ countryside around Milan
Adverbs of doubt
[edit | edit source]Adverb in Lombard |
Translation into English |
Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
forsi (1) forse (1) |
maybe | (1) MI (2) BG | |
magara (1) | maybe | (1) MI | |
probabilment (1) | probably | (1) MI | |
facilment (1) | probably | (1) MI | |
quasi (1) squas (2) |
(a) almost (b) nearly |
(1) MI (2) MI |
Interrogative adverbs
[edit | edit source]►see►►► Direct interrogative sentences
Exclamatory adverbs
[edit | edit source]Adverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
se (1) | how | Se l'è bell! (How beatiful (it is)!) |
MI |
come (1) | how | Come l'è bell! (How beatiful (it is)!) |
MI |
Adverb and adverbial locutions for conclusions
[edit | edit source]Adverb for conclusion
[edit | edit source]Adverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
dopo-tut (1) | after all | MI |
Adverbial locutions for conclusion
[edit | edit source]Adverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
a bon cunt (1) | however, after all | (1) MI | |
a la fin de la fera (1) | at the end of the day | (1) MI | |
a la fin fin (1) | ultimately, in the end | (1) MI | |
in fin de l'ascia (1) in coo de l'ascia (2) |
at the end of the day | (1-2) MI | |
in fin di cunt (1) | at the end of the day | (1) MI | |
in tute i manere (1) de tute i manere (2) |
anyway | ||
in ogni modo (1) | anyway | (1) MI | |
comunque (1) | however, anyway | (1) MI |