Oberon/ETH Oberon

Links

ETH Oberon Sitemap
ETH Oberon Tutorial, Fischer and Marais
Oberon Channel in Youtube, Andres Ramos
ETH Oberon White Paper
Contributions, formerly served from the ETHZ

Installing

The Oberon0 installer for ETH Oberon running on QEMU in Debian Linux.

Originally, Oberon was installed on a bare 32 bit i386 or i486 machine using an Oberon0 diskette. The procedure may still interest an enthusiast.

In a contemporary system the Oberon0 installer can run on a virtual machine. The virtual machine is installed once and can be used for any number of installations. With this method, no time is spent recording and booting from a diskette and the unreliability of diskettes and drives is avoided. The installer runs faster on the virtual machine than it does from a diskette. The method has proven successful in installing ETH Oberon to a variety of laptop and desktop machines including a Micron Trek 2, AGP laptop. Detailed instructions for installation with the QEMU hypervisor are provided and the instructions can be adapted to other virtual machines.

Andres Ramos describes a method where a FAT filesystem on a diskette is used to transfer installation files to the target machine.

System configuration notes in QEMU page are independent of method of installation. In the original installation notes, configuration is discussed under the heading Customization of the installed Native Oberon system. In the running ETH Oberon, Script.Open System.Text allows access to section "4. Configuring the system".

After installation and configuration on a storage medium, the system can run directly on a native X86 PC. Alternatively, use can continue on the virtual machine. In the native case, a network connection will be over Ethernet or a serial crossover cable. In the virtual case, a network connection uses a TAP or bridge interface connected to the host system.

A Calendar and a Clock

An Oberon document named Time with the hook caret allowing insertion.

Open an empty Time document with MM on Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~.
Set the hook caret by ML in the document.
Insert a calendar with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewCalendar ~.
Insert a clock with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewClock ~.
MM on [Store].
MM on [Close].
MM on Edit.Open Oberon.Text ~. Alternatively ET.Open Oberon.Text ~.
Above the line { System.OpenLog } insert these three lines.

{ Configuration.Marker set 80% 94% }

{ Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~ }

{ Configuration.Marker set 80% 92% }

MM on Edit.Store or ET.Store.
MM on System.Reboot.

Telnet Console

Telnet is an insecure protocol but provides a host console in Oberon and in an Oberon sub-system of A2. A host of an Oberon subsystem and a network facing router in a LAN should have a firewall such as Shorewall.

A telnet server daemon is required on at least one host. This in Debian Linux.

sudo apt install openbsd-inetd inetutils-telnetd

Configure with this line in /etc/inetd.conf.

telnet stream tcp nowait <user> /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/telnetd -E bin/bash

Refer to the telnetd manual. <user> must be replaced with the id of the Oberon user. Note the default to no authentication; equivalent to parameter "-a none". Restart the inet daemon.

service openbsd-inetd restart

Try telnet from within a console in the host.

telnet localhost

Then in Oberon.

Desktops.OpenDoc telnet://localhost

To be automatically located in the home directory, append this line to ~/.bashrc.

cd ~

Email

TLS is essential for secure transmission of email and is now routine practice. Oberon supports POP and POP3 for retrieving e-mail and SMTP for sending it. E-mail can be received from a smarthost via a TLS tunnel and sent via Exim or a TLS tunnel.^[1]

In ETH Oberon, Oberon.Text make these settings.

NetSystem = {
  SMTP = "<host on the LAN>"  {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *}
  POP = "<host on the LAN>"  {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *}
  ... 
  POPMode = "POP3"  {* POP3 or APOP *} 
  EMail = "me@my.domain.name"  {* your return address *}
  ... 
}

Ports 25 for SMTP and 110 for POP are visible in Oberon.Mail.Mod.

In A2, Oberon.Text, or Oberon.<host>.Text if using myaos, make these settings.

NetSystem = {
  SMTP = "localhost"  {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *}
  POP = "localhost"  {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *}
  ... 
  POPMode = "POP3"  {* POP3 or APOP *} 
  EMail = "me@my.domain.name"  {* your return address *}
  ... 
}

Ports are visible in Oberon.Mail.Mod.

Install stunnel and configure as in this example. The server name and port, exemplified by my.email.server:995, should be adjusted according to smarthost documentation.

# localhost:/etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf
# Example SSL client mode services 
[pop3] 
client = yes 
accept = localhost:110 
connect = my.email.server:995

Hypothetically, systemd should start stunnel. In Debian 11 a bug interferes with automatic startup. This line in /etc/crontab may work.

@reboot root /bin/stunnel

If all else fails, start stunnel interactively with root authority and submit a bug report against the stunnel package.

Set POP authentication using NetSystem.SetUser as in this example.

NetSystem.SetUser pop:myEmailID:myEmailPassword@my.email.server ~

The original SetUser command assumed the @ character did not occur in myEmailID or in myEmailPassword. This command, for example, would fail.

NetSystem.SetUser pop:me@my.domain.name:r2d2$8Ch@my.email.server ~

The difficulty is resolved by more thorough parsing in the SetUser command. Retrieve the revised NetSystem.Mod in ETH Oberon; Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod in A2. Compile the module. In ETH Oberon.

Compiler.Compile NetSystem.Mod ~

In A2 apply the compile button in the editor (menu Files > Files > Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod > MM MM) or MM on this command.

Compiler.Compile Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod ~

Install Exim in the host according to system specific documentation for Debian, Fedora/CentOS and etc.^[2] Exim authenticates to a smarthost according to a password file.^[3] Details of configuration for a specific mail server can be obscure. For example, the server can fail to specify STARTTLS or TLS on connect. Before attempting to configure Exim, ambiguities are best resolved using Swaks. Replace arguments of Swaks options -au, -ap, -f and -t with appropriate values for user, password and email address. Refer to the excellent manual for details. A userid pattern commonly used by ISPs is me@my.authentication.domain.

swaks -tls \
      -ao -apt -au me@my.authentication.domain -ap r2d2\$8Ch \
      -s my.smarthost.com --port 587 \
      -f me@my.email.address -t me@my.email.address

The example password has eight characters; \ is not included in the password but prevents misinterpretation of $8 by the host shell.^[4] Swaks creates a trivial test message automatically. Arguments of options can be adjusted until transmission succeeds. Confirm transmission by receipt in Oberon as discussed above.

News Reader

Notes pending.

Text

These tables show the structure of records in memory representing a Text. When Texts.Store() records a Text in a file for a storage medium, the information in the record structure is serialized. In the inverse process, Texts.Load() deserializes the information to the record structure of the Text in memory.

TextDesc is an extension of Objects.ObjDesc. The fields added to make TextDesc are distinguished from the fields inherited from ObjDesc by a differing background color.

The Type Text
Type	Fields of TextDesc	Types of Fields	Notes
Texts.Text, a pointer to a Texts.TextDesc	stamp	LONGINT	Integer
	dlink	Objects.Object	Pointer
	slink	Objects.Object	Pointer
	lib	Objects.Library	Pointer
	ref	INTEGER
	handle	Objects.Handler	Pointer
	len	LONGINT	Length of text.
	obs	Objects.Library	Pointer
	trailer	Texts.Piece	Pointer to Sentinel node in list of pieces.
	org	LONGINT	Offset in [0,len) of first character in last found piece.
	pce	Texts.Piece	Last found piece.

Objects.Library in the table above
Type	Fields of LibDesc	Types of Fields	Notes
Objects.Library, a pointer to a LibDesc	next	Objects.Library	Pointer
	ind	Objects.Index	Pointer
	f	Files.File	Pointer
	R	Files.Rider	Pointer
	name	Objects.Name
	dict	Objects.Dictionary	Pointer
	maxref	INTEGER
	GName	POINTER

Texts.Piece
Type	Fields of PieceDesc	Types of Fields	Notes
Texts.Piece, a pointer to a Texts.PieceDesc	f	Files.File	Pointer
	off	LONGINT	Integer
	len	LONGINT
	obj	Objects.Object	Pointer
	lib	Objects.Library	Pointer
	ref	INTEGER
	col	SHORTINT
	voff	SHORTINT
	prev	Piece	Pointer
	next	Piece	Pointer

Texts.FindPiece and the cache

For a given Text, T, and offset pos in [0, T.len), procedure Texts.FindPiece has the task of locating the piece containing pos. At each execution, FindPiece could begin at offset 0 and add lengths of pieces until the piece containing pos is located. A cache based upon T.pce and T.org allows better efficiency. When FindPiece completes a search, the pointer to the found piece is recorded in T.pce; the offset of the first character of that piece is recorded in T.org. The next execution of FindPiece begins at that cached location. With a result from FindPiece often being near the preceeding result, this strategy avoids repeated summation of lengths from the beginning of the first piece.

Text Dataflow in ETH Oberon

This dataflow example illustrates relationships between Oberon Text, HTML and ASCII text.

Oberon Text with
non-text features

Oberon
Edit.StoreAscii
command

⟶

Oberon Text with non
-text features omitted

Oberon
MediaWiki.Markup
command

↓

↑	Oberon Desktops.OpenDoc command

↑	Oberon mouse copy

MediaWiki markup with color
and syle but hyperlinks
and images omitted

MediaWiki
processor

⟶

HTML5 text with
text color and style

Web
browser

⟶

browser
text

Clipboard or
Save operation

⟶

ASCII
text file

Text color and style, images and hyperlinks are lost by conversion of browser text to ASCII. Consequently the rightmost Oberon Text has the same appearance as plain ASCII text. Text color and style can assist with reading and understanding a source but compilation is not influenced by color and style.

Potential Developments

A fresh release with bug fixes and improvements, posted on a public server.
Improved support of Unicode.
Huffman coding in JPEG.
Improved HTML support. Support for styling and tables, for example.
PNG.
SSL based upon existing cryptography modules.
Touchscreen support.

Module Sources

The last release of ETH_Oberon at the ETHZ was 2.3.7. At bootup, release date 2003-01-05^[5] is announced in the System.Log. Sourceforge has the file "Native Oberon 2.3.7 Alpha/NativeOberon_2.3.7.tar.gz" and bootable installer images in "Oberon0 boot disk/". Package structure is in Native.Tool. Sources are also available at https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted in the directory FullInstall_ASCII. Sources and Tools remain under the ETH Oberon License.

Module Sources in System Package

The System Package contains approximately 170 modules. Refer to Native.Tool.


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
ATADisks.Mod	ATADisks.Mod	Support for Compact Flash added.
Compiler.Mod
Dialer.Mod	Dialer.Mod	Dialer.Dial modified to support the ringback protocol as provided by mgetty. Refer to the Dialer page.
DisplayLinear.Mod
Displays.Display.Mod
Displays.Mod
Empty.Display.Mod
FTP.Mod	FTP.Mod
GD54xx.Display.Mod
Input.Mod	Input.Mod
Mail.Mod	Mail.Mod
NetSystem.Mod
OGLDisplay.Mod
Objects.Mod
PPPDebug.Mod
PPPFSM.Mod	PPPFSM.Mod
PPPHDLC.Mod	PPPHDLC.Mod
PPPIPCP.Mod	PPPIPCP.Mod
PPPLCP.Mod	PPPLCP.Mod
PPPMain.Mod	PPPMain.Mod
PPPPAP.Mod
PPPTest.Mod
PPPTools.Mod	PPPTools.Mod
PSPrinter.Mod
S3C805.Display.Mod
S3C924.Display.Mod
S3Trio.Display.Mod
SVGA.Display.Mod
Texts.Mod
VGA.Display.Mod
W32.Display.Mod

Module Sources in Gadgets Package


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
Display3.Mod
Displays.Colors.Mod
Mail.Mod	Mail.Mod
FTPDocs.Mod
HTMLDocs.Mod

Module Source in Apps1 Package


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
GfxDisplay.Mod

Module Sources in Apps2 Package


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
HTML.Mod	HTML.Mod
Sort.Mod

Module Sources in Documentation Package


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
Examples.Mod

Module Sources in Build Package


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
DisplayMach64.Mod
DisplayTool.Mod
DisplayVGA4.Mod
S3TrioC.Display.Mod
SVGAH.Display.Mod
SVGAL.Display.Mod
Trace.Display.Mod

Module Source in Lab Package


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
DisplayBackdrop.Mod

Source for Additional Module


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
	MediaWiki.Mod	Translation of Oberon Text to MediaWiki markup.

Texts


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
Oberon.Text	Oberon.Text	Edit according to local requirements and preferences.
References.Text

Tools


Release 2.3.7	Wikibook variant^[6]	Notes
Compiler.Tool
FTP.Tool
Native.Tool
PPP.Tool
Sort.Tool
Tutorials.Tool

Footnotes

↑ For ETH Oberon, a host on the LAN can provide Exim and Stunnel. For the Oberon subsystem in A2, Exim and Stunnel can run on localhost.
↑ The primary Exim documentation is also available.
↑ In Debian, /etc/exim4/passwd.client associates a password with each (host, user) pair. Multiple host:user:password specifications are acceptable. The file does not determine the destination chosen by exim for sending a message. Refer to the exim4-config_files manual.
↑ No escape character is involved in Oberon.
↑ ISO 8601 date format.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the MediaWiki facility described on the front page.

[1] For ETH Oberon, a host on the LAN can provide Exim and Stunnel. For the Oberon subsystem in A2, Exim and Stunnel can run on localhost.

[2] The primary Exim documentation is also available.

[3] In Debian, /etc/exim4/passwd.client associates a password with each (host, user) pair. Multiple host:user:password specifications are acceptable. The file does not determine the destination chosen by exim for sending a message. Refer to the exim4-config_files manual.

[escape-4] No escape character is involved in Oberon.

[iso8601-5] ISO 8601 date format.

[compare-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the MediaWiki facility described on the front page.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]